M. Samarsky’s artistic work on the topic of inclusion: modern reception

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Размещено на http://www.allbest.ru/

Department of Ukrainian and Foreign Literature

Bogdan Khmelnitsky Melitopol State Pedagogical University

(Melitopol, Zaporizhzhia region, Ukraine)

M. Samarsky's artistic work on the topic of inclusion: modern reception

Tetiana Sharova,

Candidate of Philological Sciences, Associate Professor

Sergii Sharov,

Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor

Svitlana Karnachova, Student

The article considers the issues of M. Samarsky's artistic creativity, the peculiarities of adolescents with physical disabilities social adaptation on the example of the work “Rainbow for a friend”. The study provides a general analysis of the writer's work. It was found out that M. Samarsky works closely with various publishers, publishes electronic and paper versions of his works, including Braille language. The list of books published by Ast, Exmo, Altaspera Publishing & Literary Agency Inc. is given. It was found that some writer's works of art were published in digital format, including audio books. The importance of fiction on the topic of inclusion for the socialization of people with disabilities is emphasized. The analysis of M. Samarsky's work “Rainbow for a Friend” is carried out. The study focuses on the work compositional features, indicates the thematic blocks with which you can orient yourself in the content of the literary text. It is revealed that the peculiarity of the work is the main character - a blind boy's guide dog. The story is told by the first person. The content of the work contains the main character's advice to people. This advice makes the reader respect animals and think about their actions. With the help of the dog's voice there are frank hints on people who do not want to change themselves and lose the meaning of life. It is emphasized that the main character Sasha was almost disappointed in life. He does not have the opportunity to see all the beauties of life with his own eyes. The only friend and the adviser for the guy is the guide dog Trison. This interaction allows Sasha to cope with their problems and depressive mood. The work of art has a positive ending. Sasha has recoveredfrom his blindness and can live a full life. At the same time, the guy does not need Trison's help any longer. Therefore, he had to return Trison to the dog ' shelter. However, the author leaves the reader the right to guess about the future of the protagonist. The simple and clear language of the art work allows to read the text easily and to get acquainted with its subject matter. The presence of a significant number of reviews on the Internet indicates the relevance of the work and the positive emotions that arise in readers after their reading the story.

Key words: artistic creativity, inclusion, limited possibilities, child, personality.

Тетяна Шарова, кандидат філологічних наук, доцент

Сергій Шаров, кандидат педагогічних наук, доцент

Світлана Карначова, здобувач вищої освіти

Кафедра української і зарубіжної літератури Мелітопольського державного педагогічного університету імені Богдана Хмельницького (Мелітополь, Запорізька область, Україна)

Художня творчість М. Самарського на тему інклюзії: сучасна рецепція

У статті розглядаються питання художньої творчості М. Самарського, особливості соціальної адаптації підлітків з фізичними вадами на прикладі твору «Веселка для друга». У дослідженні зроблено загальний аналіз творчості письменника. Виявлено, що М. Самарський тісно взаємодіє з різними видавництвами, друкує електронні та паперові варіанти своїх творів, у тому числі мовою Брайля. Подано перелік книг, що були видані у видавництвах «Аст», «Ексмо», “Altaspera Publishing & Literary Agency Inc.". Виявлено, що окремі художні твори письменника видані у цифровому форматі, у тому числі аудіокниги. Наголошується на важливості художньої літератури на тему інклюзії для соціалізації людей з обмеженими можливостями. Здійснюється аналіз художнього твору М. Самарського «Веселка для друга». У дослідженні акцентовано увагу на композиційних особливостях твору, зазначено тематичні блоки, за допомогою яких можна зорієнтуватися у змісті художнього тексту. Виявлено, що особливістю твору є головний герой, яким виступає собака-поводир сліпого хлопця. Розповідь відбувається від першої особи. У змісті твору містяться поради людям від головного героя, які змушують читача поважати тварин, замислитися над своїми вчинками. Через вуста собаки лунають відверті натяки на людей, які не хочуть змінюватися та втрачають сенс життя. Наголошено на тому, що головний герой Сашко майже розчарувався у житті. Він не має можливості бачити всю життєву красу власними очима. Єдиним другом і порадником для хлопця є собака-поводир Трісон. Така взаємодія дає змогу Сашку впоратися зі своїми проблемами та пригніченим настроєм. Художній твір має позитивний відкритий фінал. Сашко прозрів та може жити повноцінним життям. Водночас Трісон більше не потрібний хлопцю, тому він повинен повернутися в притулок для собак. Однак автор залишає читачу право домислити подальшу долю головного героя. Проста та зрозуміла мова художнього твору дає змогу читачу з легкістю прочитати текст та проникнутись його тематикою. Наявність значної кількості відгуків в Інтернеті свідчить про актуальність твору та позитивні емоції, які виникають у читачів після його прочитання.

Ключові слова: художня творчість, інклюзія, обмежені можливості, дитина, особистість.

Introduction

Formulation of the problem. Today the problem of disabled people socialization is quite relevant. In Ukraine, its solution is carried out in different directions. In particular, inclusive educational environments are being created within a New Ukrainian School, where children can adapt to a full-fledged stay in society. This environment provides an opportunity for children with special educational needs to learn together with other students, to communicate and to interact with them during group work and so on.

A very promising area of disabled people social adaptation is the use of fiction on inclusion. On the one hand, in such works the author creates a certain inclusive environment where the main or secondary characters are. Writers through artistic reception of their own problem vision offer different ways to solve it. On the other hand, reading such works contributes to the formation of readers' tolerant attitude towards people with social needs, understanding of their features. So, this provides an educational and corrective function of fiction on inclusion. At the same time, the variety of mental and physical disabilities, as well as the increase disabled people number makes the topic of inclusion in the literature quite relevant.

Among famous foreign writers M. Samars'ky should be noted, as the author who joined the reflection of inclusive space through fiction. He is a modern writer who gained popularity at an early age. He wrote a number of works that are recognized as the best in various categories. In particular, the work of art on the theme of inclusion “Rainbow for a friend” was awarded several prizes.

Research analysis. Today, the topic of inclusion began to attract not only writers and readers, but also scientists. The problem of inclusion is reflected in the works of art of domestic (A. Bachynskyi, O. Radu- shynska, D. Matiiash, O. Drachkovska, etc.) and foreign (M. Samars'ky, Y. Ermolaev, S. Zweig, J. Wynd- ham, A. Marshall, M. Haddon, etc.) writers.

The possibility of forming a tolerant attitude towards people with disabilities by means of fiction is highlighted in the works of O. Derkachova, R. Hryt- sun, and N. Holovchenko. General issues of inclusive space are covered in the works of T. Sharova and S. Sharov, where researchers try to highlight the problems of people with physical disabilities, which are depicted in literature.

As for M. Samarsky's work analysis, one can find only reviews of books read on the Internet. There is a lack of thorough scientific research of his work. At the same time, we have our own reception of the writer's works of art and their understanding in the context of the modern literary process.

The purpose of the article is a general review of M. Samarsky's creative achievements, highlighting the features of fiction for people with disabilities based on the analysis of the work “Rainbow for a friend”.

Presenting main material

M. Samarsky creative heritage includes works on various topics, which were published by Ast and Exmo. Altaspera Publishing & Literary Agency Inc. (Canada) published three works by M. Samarsky such as “The Uninvited Guest” (18+, 2018, 288 p.); “Girl named I want” (18+, 2018, 324 p.); “Rapper. White dance in hell” (18+, 2019, 540 p.) (Wikipedia).

Increasing the importance of information and expanding the capabilities of information and communication technologies has led to positive changes in market and social relations (Politanskyi, 2017: 17). Taking into account current trends, M. Samarsky has published e-books: “A novel with a happy ending” (18+, 2018); “Native blood virus (betrayal formula)” (18+, 2018). “The Last Photo” (18+, 2018); “The call of Memory” (12+, 2018); “Stories” (12+, 2018); “The Incredible Adventures of Socrates the Cat” (12+, 2018); “Crucified by Love” (18+, 2018); “A girl named I want” (18+, 2018); “Rapper. White Dance in Hell” (18+, 2019) (Wikipedia).

It should be noted that the use of books in digital format will increase the number of potential readers and reduce the cost of a work of art publishing. The digital format of books is usually presented in *.txt, *.htm and *.pdf format. Moreover, the last two allow to integrate multimedia into the text (Kostiuk, 2014: 212), which makes the book brighter and more competitive. As a result, in recent years, digital versions of books have become serious competitors to printed books. In addition, there appeared publishers that deal with purely electronic versions of literature on various topics (Zhenchenko, 2018: 81).

Some writer's works of art are dedicated to people with disabilities. As rules such people have a lack of information, they cannot react quickly and adequately to modern changes. For people with visual impairments, this problem is solved at the level of audiobooks production and relief (volume) books (Motyka & Lazarenko, 2010: 58).

The books that use embossed symbols to display the content are called “tactile books”. Their “reading” involves obtaining information through tactile sense (Yefimova, 2014: 122). Various technologies are used to create embossed books: contact; contactless; technologies for obtaining embossed images using applications, thermoforming, special materials (Motyka & Lazarenko, 2010: 60).

Despite the significant financial costs, the creation of tactile books is an important task for the socialization of young people with certain physical disabilities. Two books by M. Samarsky's were published in Braille: “Rainbow for a Friend” (2011) and “Formula of Good” (2012). This form of artwork will allow blind people to read the text on their own and experience all the events with the main characters.

A fairly popular format for presenting a literary text is an audiobook, which has a number of advantages. First of all, it concerns the possibility to combine listening to a literary text with the performance of other types of work. In addition, the audiobook in general does not strain the eyes at all, which in the informational society is a very dangerous problem (Tatarinova, 2020: 27).

Several audiobooks by M. Samarsky, which were voiced by the recording studio “L-records”: “Rainbow for a Friend” (2011); “On a Swing among the Hills” (2012); “Formula of Good” (2013); “The call of memory” (2015); “Island of Luck” (2015) (Wikipedia) were distributed. The format of the audiobook involves at least three people: the author who wrote the work of art; an announcer or actor who reads a work of art; a reader who listens to the finished audio product. Moreover, the writer interprets his vision of the world, the narrator conveys it through his intonation, style of speech, and the reader on the basis of what he has heard, creates his own vision of the work of art (Chukreeva, 2015: 201). That is why the person who reads the audiobook must be a professional announcer, and the recording must take place on the professional equipment.

People with certain physical disabilities often need help in their adapting to modern living conditions. In this case, there is a category of works of art on the theme of inclusion. Such publications raise serious issues concerning the alienation, secrecy of people with special needs, their psychological and communicative unpreparedness for the usual dialogue with other people (Sharov & Sharova, 2019: 113). Inclusive literature is primarily intended for the formation of a tolerant attitude towards people with special needs (Derkachova, Ushnevych & Tytun, 2020: 183), understanding of their individual characteristics. At the same time, it is in no way intended to form readers' pity for such people (Hrytsun, 2020: 23). It should be noted that in Ukraine a group of writers and scholars, who study inclusion in literature, write fiction on relevant topics (Holovchenko, 2020: 208), touch issues related to the socialization of people with disabilities in a modern society has been formed.

M. Samarsky reproduces his vision of the inclusion problem of in the work “Rainbow for a Friend” (Samarskij). It is not often possible to pick up a book where the protagonist tells on his own behalf. There are much fewer books where the main characters are dogs. However, there is a very limited number of works of art where the main role is played by a dog, telling the story on its own behalf. The work, written in 2012, consists of two parts entitled “Road to Home” and “Rainbow”. Reading the book, you can conditionally highlight certain thematic blocks that reveal the plot of the work:

- a story about guide dogs;

- a story about Ivan Saveliyovych's helping;

- Trison's acquaintance with Sasha;

- Trison's abduction;

- heroic deed of a dog;

- working days of the guide dog;

- information block about celebrity dogs;

- Trison's care for Sasha;

- Sasha and surgery;

- a farewell scene of Sasha and Trison.

In the work, the author speaks sublimely about the breed of a guide dog - Labrador, and calls him by the beautiful name Trison (Trisha). Readers in the work can learn that the dog has been taught in a special school for a long time. One of the main tasks of guide dogs is to bring the ward to the destination. You need to be able to guide a person on the street, especially while he was crossing the road. You need to know a certain number of routes and build them in such a way that you can warn a blind person about the danger in time. The guide dog must be able to show his owner where the entrance and exit are.

Trison is now 5 years old. And although he does not speak a human language, he understands everything. In the work, the author gives twice a list of words that should be studied by a dog and sometimes speak in his own way, like a dog: walk, stand, go, tired, help, food, cold, hot, sleep, sorry. The book has repeatedly stated that a dog is really a friend of a man, especially when it comes to guide dogs. They get used to their wards and take care of them. So, Trison thinks of his master Sasha: “If necessary, I will give my life for him and for his rainbow” (Samarskij).

Along with the guide dog, the author gives us the image of a 13-year-old boy Sasha, who lost his sight after the accident. He remembers a happy sighted life from his childhood, often recalls pleasant moments. There is a dream in the boy's life: to see a rainbow in the sky. It seems such a banal desire. However, those people who cannot see the light, unfortunately, will not be able to realize a dream like this.

There are such places in the book where you can cry and sympathize with Sasha when he says that he liked to look at the rainbow: “I don't know, I remember everything calmly, but as soon as I remember the rainbow, I want to cry” (Samarskij). Such scenes motivate readers to sympathize. However, it is clear from the text that vision can return: “If you see a rainbow in the sky, bark three times”; “Do you think I'll ever see a real rainbow?” (Samarskij).

It should be noted that the author does not seek to evoke sympathy in people. He may show how much dogs can take care of those people who are completely or partially abandoned by humans. Sometimes, even, do not refuse, but simply shun their inferiority. In the novel, the guide dog Trison says: “I have long noticed that sighted people look at the blind <...> with some fear, as if there was not a man at all in front of them” (Samarskij).

In response to the book “Rainbow for a Friend” on this occasion, readers say: “A wonderful truth that came from the mouth of a guide dog about his wards: “They need help, not pity!”. How simply it is said, but how difficult it is for society to assimilate <...>, to each of us who is not directly affected by the life of a person with disabilities” (Pomogaya slepym, February 08, 2021).

Sasha understands that he will never be able to see the environment with his own eyes, so he enjoys life when Trison is around. Revealing the life of a guide dog from the Labrador family on the pages of the book, the writer brought readers closer to understanding such animals and their proper respect. After reading the work, you start thinking about bringing the animal home and taking care of it, looking after it.

When reading the book, you can understand that it is intended for children, because it is written about a teenager in a simple and clear language. The author himself emphasizes that the book is for those who have alive hearts. This M. Samarsky's opinion sounds in the dedication of the work “Rainbow for a friend”: “I dedicate the book to those who have dead eyes, but alive hearts. The best thing a person has is a dog” (T. Sharle) (Samarsky).

The book “Rainbow for a Friend” teaches understanding people with certain disabilities, because you can lose your sight even due to excessive anxiety or stressful situations in life. In addition, it is designed for those who begin to get frustrated in life. However, after reading you can feel the author's call never to give up, but to fight constantly, to fight for their lives, for their own happiness.

At the end of the work, the reader learns that Sasha is recovering and begins to see. But along with such good news, it becomes clear that the boy does not need the dog any longer. According to the requirements of the school, the guide dog in case of the owner's recovery must be returned. Sasha misses his friend, does not want to return it. However, he understands that Trison can be useful to another person who has vision problems. Of course, the guy agrees. And at the moment of parting with his best friend he sees a rainbow in the sky. It is at this point that Trison leaves him alone with his dream which has come true.

One of the proofs of the work of art popularity is the positive feedback from readers. As the work “Rainbow for a Friend” is presented on the Internet, many readers leave their feedbacks online. Here are some of them: “An amazing book. Good with a little stubbornness. Although a bit naive, a bit full of details” (Vidhuk, June 06, 2019); “The book is incredibly interesting, good and instructive, allows you to remember such things as friendship, loyalty, kindness and compassion for others. The book teaches sensitivity and good attitude to animals” (Vidhuk, February 08, 2021); “It is very positive, but at the same time very serious, it teaches relationships and kindness. There is something to laugh about and there is something to think about” (Vidhuk, December 29, 2017); “The story is told on behalf of a guide dog. There are a lot of adventures here... But it's not even about adventures. In philosophy, if it can be called so” (Vidhuk, November 15, 2018); “In the story, the author tells of a touching friendship between a Labrador dog and a blind boy. This is not even a friendship, but the union of souls: a guide dog and a child who can understand each other without words” (Vidhuk, April 9, 2019).

Conclusions

Thus, the work of M. Samarsky attractively differs in the variety of directions and ways of conveying the work of art to readers. The writer's work is presented in printed and tactile editions, electronic versions of books, audio format. This diversity allows you to increase the target audience to get acquainted with of the writer's work.

Reading the book Rainbow for a Friend, teenagers can learn to treat people with disabilities and animals with understanding. Adults will be able to rethink the difficulty of those issues that are relevant today: the adaptation of the adolescent in the society, the child's experience due to a certain defect. M. Samarsky's work "Rainbow for a Friend" should be read to children in order to avoid negative consequences in the children's environment in the future. Adults should read the book "Rainbow for a Friend" in order to bring up a true and tolerant person who will be aware of their place and purpose in the world.

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References

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2. Vidhuk na knyhu M. Samarskoho “Veselka dlia druha» (15.11.2018) [Review of M. Samarsky's book “Rainbow for a Friend” (15.11.2018) ]. Retrieved from: https://www.livelib.ru/book/1000521056-raduga-dlya-druga-mihail-samarskij [in Russian].

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