European Union disability policy: supranational level of legal regulation

Persons with disabilities civil society organizations have played (in the second half of the twentieth century) and (at the beginning of the XXI century) continue to play a crucial role in disability policy-making. The development of European political-legal discourses in this period reflects the radical changes in public legal awareness of such a social phenomenon as disability.

Whereas initially the social policy of the EU and the Member States was focused on the care and rehabilitation of people with disabilities and at compensating for the alleged limitations of individual people with disabilities, today such policy concerns human rights, citizenship, full participation of people with disabilities in society, barriers elimination, etc. Cooperation between EU institutions, national governments and civil society organizations improves and strengthens the European disability strategy.

In the modern European Union, disability policy (which was paid extremely little attention in the framework of traditional social policy in the late twentieth century) became one of the priorities of legal regulation. Today, this area of social policy includes not only social protection and integration in the labor market, but also takes care of the problem of ensuring equal rights and non-discrimination.

The policy of Europeanization of legal regulation in the field of disability proves the important role of the supranational level of government in ensuring the rights of this category of persons. Today, in the field of legal regulation of persons' with disabilities rights, there are both bottom-up and top-down processes. At the same time, it is still at the level of the Member States the most important decisions in the field of disability policy are adopted and implemented. However, the European Union has an important role to play in modernizing this policy. Progress in disability regulation requires maximum synergies and complementarities between supranational and national levels of government.

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Аннотация

Политика Европейского Союза в сфере инвалидности: наднациональный уровень правового регулирования

Майданик С.В., аспирант кафедры права Европейского Союза, Национальный юридический университет имени Ярослава Мудрого, Украина, г. Харьков.

В современном Европейском Союзе политика в сфере инвалидности, которой в конце XX в. уделялось очень мало внимания в рамках традиционной социальной политики, превратилась в один из приоритетов правового регулирования. Сегодня это направление социальной политики включает не только социальную защиту и интеграцию на рынке труда, но и занимается проблемой обеспечения равенства прав и недискриминации. В контексте этой эволюции в статье исследуются такие вопросы: какова правовая природа ЕС? Какое влияние на политику инвалидности имеет появление наднационального уровня правового регулирования? Как соотносится международно-правовой и общеевропейский уровень правового регулирования в сфере инвалидности? Как менялась терминология в нормативно-правовых актах международно-правового, регионального и национального уровней? Как эволюционировала и под влиянием каких факторов политика ЕС по инвалидности? В статье представлены результаты системного анализа нормативных документов ЕС по политике в сфере инвалидности, охватывающих период с 1951 по 2020 год.

Ключевые слова: лица с инвалидностью; права лиц с инвалидностью; равные права; социальная модель; Европейский Союз; социальная политика; компетенция; Конвенция о правах инвалидов.

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