The essence of the linguistic concept of translation

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The essence of the linguistic concept of translation

Тетяна Карпець, здобувач вищої освіти Дніпропетровського державного університету внутрішніх справ Науковий керівник:

Юлія Галенко, старший викладач кафедри українознавства та іноземних мов Дніпропетровського державного університету внутрішніх справ

The language aspect of translation is a fundamental component of the translation process and is essential to ensure successful communication between different linguistic and cultural communities. The translation itself is a process of transferring text from one language to another in such a way as to preserve information, style, expressiveness and other important aspects of an original text.

Such key concepts as equivalence, adequacy and identity are of great importance in ensuring high quality translation.

Equivalence in translation indicates that each element of the original must have a corresponding element in translation. This means that the translator must find a correspondence between the words, expressions and constructions of the original and the target language. The use of equivalent words and phrases helps to preserve the accuracy and meaning of the original text.

Adequacy in translation indicates that a translator must convey not only the words, but also the meaning, ideas and emotions of the original text. This means that the translation must reproduce the content and structure of the text so that it is understandable and acceptable to the target audience. An adequate translation may require reformulation or additional explanations to convey the meaning of the original.

The identity in translation indicates that a translator must adhere to the structure and style of the original text as much as possible. This means that a translator must reproduce the structure of sentences, use of grammatical forms and stylistics as it is done in the original. Identity helps to preserve the authenticity of the text.

As a result, equivalence, adequacy and identity are important principles in the art of translation - these are the key principles that ensure high quality of translation and its understanding by the target audience. Without equivalence, the translation may be incorrect or incomprehensible. Without adequacy, translation can lose the meaning and emotional scope of the original. Without identity the translation may look artificial and incorrect [2, p. 24].

Among all the aspects of translation the most important one is the linguistic aspect, because it helps to transmit all the information contained in the original to the translated text. Without deep knowledge of languages there would be no translation itself. Therefore, the success and adequacy of translation depends on the proper knowledge of the source and target languages and the features of speech in these languages as well as proper translation skills.

Especially important is the knowledge of such general differences in the target language as various features of the distribution of information in the sentence, the nominality and verbality of various fragments of the structure of the language, the peculiarities of functioning of language elements and their ethnic specificity as well as equivalents in the target language of those linguistic phenomena of the original language that are absent in the target language. As it is known, speech act with its propositional and illocutive structures is the basic unit of translation, since the main translation operations take place mainly on its basis and within it.

Thus, the essence of the linguistic aspect of translation is the formation of a sentence in the language of translation based on the meaning of the speech act of the original and in accordance with its illocutive characteristics. It should be noted that some significant features of the formation and functioning of English speech in comparison with Ukrainian speech that are directly related to the translation process still remain insufficiently studied. A significant drawback of translators- beginners when translating into a learned foreign language, in contrast to translating into their native language, is non-use in translating those language elements that are absent in their native language. In the case of translation from Ukrainian into English, these are primarily various kinds of word forms (for example, gerund) and constructions (for example, subjective and object-infinitive constructions).

An interesting yet complex linguistic aspect of translation is the stylistic problems of translation, such as the transmission of metaphor, metonymy, meiosis, dialectisms, phraseologisms, proverbs and the use of foreign words in English translation. Recently, the pragmatic aspect of translation has attracted more and more attention of translators [1, p. 16].

Considering all the above, it can be concluded that the linguistic aspect of translation is an important component of the process of translating a text from one language into another. Its key role is to ensure the transmission of not only the verbal content, but also the meaning, expressiveness and context of the original. The language aspect helps to make the translation more accurate, understandable and acceptable for the target audience. In the process of translation it is important to take into account equivalence, adequacy and identity in order to ensure compliance with the text of the original. Equivalence helps you find the appropriate expression in the target language. Adequacy ensures the transmission of meaning and ideas. Identity helps preserve the structure and style of the text.

References

translation linguistic communication

1. Karaban V.I. Mace J. K 21 Translation from Ukrainian into English. Tutorial - directory for students of higher educational institutions. Vinnitsa. NEW BOOK, 2003. 608 p.

2. Mamrak A.V. M 22 Introduction to the theory of translation: textbook. - K.: Center for Educational Literature, 2009. 304 p.

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