Functioning of the english language as a language of international communication

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FUNCTIONING OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE AS A LANGUAGE OF INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION

Денис Кікізола, здобувач вищої освіти II курсу Науковий керівник - Марина Ірчишина, старший викладач Дніпропетровський державний університет внутрішніх справ

intermediary language english transculturation

In many non-English-speaking and exclusively in developing countries, the creative public is faced with a dilemma: to write in English to achieve world recognition, or to write in their native language in order not to lose their cultural heritage. History is known for episodes of abandoning the English language in favor of the native language. For example, in 1967, Malaysia abandoned the dual state language and recognized this status only for the Malay language; in the same year, Tanzania abandoned English as the official language, recognizing only Swahili in this role; in Kenya, in 1974, English as the state language was also replaced by Swahili, remaining, however, the official language.

B. Kachru is convinced that, being an international language, the English language acts in its own way in any country, it often performs not only the function of establishing international relations, but also the domestic connecting role. The situation in Sri Lanka, where in 1956 English was replaced as the state language by Sinhalese and Tamil, is indicative in this regard. However, after the civil war, the Sri Lankan authorities concluded that the removal of English as a neutral language common to both Sinhalese and Tamils contributed to the deterioration of relations between these peoples. Therefore, English has been re-approved as the state language in this country [1, p.54].

With the increased migration of the world's population, the English language is becoming an intermediary language even at the household, family level. Many cases are known when a multi-ethnic family couple (for example, Japanese and Russian), in which the marriage partners do not speak each other's native languages well enough, is forced to use English as the language of family communication, which is, in principle, a foreign language for them.

As the language of international communication, English is one of the official languages of the United Nations, UNESCO, the World Health Organization (WHO), and the official and working language of many international meetings of such organizations as the European Council and NATO. English is the only official working language of the Association of Southeast Asian Nation s (ASEAN), the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, and the European Free Trade Association (EFTA). 85% of international organizations in 1995-1996. used English as their official language. It is known that in the countries of the Asia-Pacific region, 90% of international organizations conduct their business exclusively in English [2, p.134].

In sociolinguistics, the popularity of the English language in the world is clearly reflected by the theory of "three concentric rings" researched by the American linguist Braj Kachru. He presented the results of this grading process in the form of three circles.

a) The Inner Circle corresponds to English as the national language of the state and the native language of the majority of the population (for countries such as the USA, Great Britain, Canada, Australia and Nova4

b) Outer, Middle Circle (Outer or Extended Circle) assumes knowledge of English as a second language, that is, in countries where English has received the status of an official language (Singapore, India and other 50 territories).

c) The expanding circle (Expanding Circle) includes countries where English plays the role of the key language studied in foreign language educational institutions (China, Japan, Greece, Poland, Russia). [3, pp. 48-52].

As an intermediary language in the modern world, English plays the role of the language of intercultural interaction and enrichment, the function of transculturation. In many ways, this is explained by the fact that since ancient times, the English language has shown a tendency to borrow, to be enriched with ideas and concepts borrowed from other nations. Through English, non-English-speaking countries get to know the culture of other nations. In particular, with the help of the English language, many Russians became involved in the heritage of the great Asian civilization, got the opportunity to get acquainted with the rich culture of China, Japan, Korea and other countries. Thus, the English language becomes the guide of many cultures of the world. It ceased to belong only to those for whom it is a native language - thanks to internationalization, it equally belongs to those for whom it is a second and foreign language.

References

1. Kachru B.B. World variants of the English language: agony and ecstasy (translated by T.A. Ivankova) Personality. Culture. Society - 2012. Vol. 14. Issue 4 (75-76). P. 145-165.

2. English as a global language. M. Ves mir, 2001. P.204.

3. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language. 1987. P.48-52.

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