Translation of poems: problems, solutions and challenges

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Translation of poems: problems, solutions and challenges

Usmonova N.A

Resume: The article considers translators' conditions, the main characteristics of translating profession. Linguistic problems and other points in translation, solution defects in translation. Analyzing translating poems in uzbek classic literature, explanations difficulties in translating process

Tayanch so'z va iboralar: tarjima madaniyati, hissiy bo'yoqdorlik, yuqori sifatli tarjimalar, tarjimada anglashilmovchiliklar, badiiy uslub, ijodkorning shaxsiy uslubi, tilning leksik va sintaktik o'ziga xosligi, uslubiy vositalar, ekstralingvisiv bilim, klassik adabiyot.

Key words: translation culture, emotional coloring, translations in high quality, misconceptions, literary style, writer's private methods, lexical and syntactical idiosyncrasy, stylistic devices, extralinguistic knowledge, classic literature

translation uzbek classic literature

Translation of poems: problems, solutions and challenges

Nowadays, our independent Uzbekistan is focusing on developing in every area. Getting high quality education is responsibility of every member of our society. As The President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev Miromonovich said: “At the time internalizing new technologies we need to pay attention on the youths' reading books, being friends with books, raising level of reading of population. For all of this, we need to set and promote our national literature and world literature on social network” (1). This speech sounded like an appeal. In addition, we need to notice that glorifying uzbek literature to the world is the current issue for us.

On 13 May in 2016 the Decree of the President of Uzbeksitan on establishing Tashkent State University of Uzbek language and Literature named after Alisher Nava'i was signed. The following must be marked as the main tasks of the University:

Ш Training translators who can do scientific, literally and other translations in high quality from uzbek into foreign languages and from world languages into Uzbek.

Ш To train highly qualified scientific and pedagogic personnel that meet the current requirements.

Ш To study scientific problems related to historical evolved linguistic and literary schools and doctrines of the Uzbek language.

Ш To create complete academic and educational grammar reflecting the true nature and specific features of the Uzbek language to make scientifically based suggestions concerning its sound system and their verbalization in the text.

Ш To help our mother tongue take a worthy place in Internet global information network.

As scholars stated that fact it's few people consider entering the translating as a profession. Cause of this is various difficulties in this process. Translation has its several conditions:

· We must realize the fact - some types of people can be good translators, some can't. As the popular American novelist Jonathan Lethem said: “Fantastic writing in English is kind of disreputable, but fantastic writing in translation is the summit” (2). Because, this action has responsibility and people can't just translate something, they must dedicate themselves to this work.

· Knowing language is not enough.

· Read extensively in your native language and in the language(s) you translate from.

· Develop your writing, analysis, and (for interpreters) public speaking skills.

· Have awareness of popular culture.

· Have background knowledge.

· Distribution of the time.

· Research, research and again research.

Were it not for poetry translation, all of us would have had to study a new language and reach a proficiency level of a native speaker each time we wanted to read a poem in a tongue unfamiliar to us. Some of the world's best poetry might be collecting dust in a foreign land were it not for dedicated translators who wanted us to see how beautiful human thoughts can be in a language different from our own. If music is the food of love, then poetry is certainly food for the soul. As Cervantes said: translation is the other side of a tapestry. (3)

"To translate, one must have a style of his own, for the translation will have no rhythm or nuance, which come from the process of artistically thinking through and molding the sentences; they cannot be reconstituted by piecemeal imitation. The problem of translation is to retreat to a simpler tenor of one's own style and creatively adjust this to one's author."(4)

· "Poetry cannot be translated; and, therefore, it is the poets that preserve the languages; for we would not be at the trouble to learn a language if we could have all that is written in it just as well in a translation. But as the beauties of poetry cannot be preserved in any language except that in which it was originally written, we learn the language. When languages are formed upon different principles, it is impossible that the same modes of expression should always be elegant in both. While they run together, the closest translation may be considered as the best; but when they divaricate, each must take its natural course. Where correspondence cannot be obtained, it is necessary to be content with something equivalent."(5)

In a poem, the beauty is not only achieved with the choice of words and figurative language like in novels and short stories, but also with the creation of rhythm, rhyme, meter, and specific expressions and structures that may not conform to the ones of the daily language. In this regard, translating is not dogmatic process. Vice versa, masterpieces in uzbek literature is getting populary in the world day by day. «No one could translate the best and the most as him» (6) the owner of such honorable words Alisher Navoi's works into the decent languages. One of the firstly translated composition was “ Sabba'i sayyor”. The composition “Majolis-u nafois” was translated by translations in XVI century. The book, which left an indelible mark in history of language “ Muhokamat ul-lug'atayin” was translated into Turkish and Tatar language in the late IXX and XX centuries. Alisher Navoi's books spread in Europein XVI-XVII in fast pace. Recently, in honor of Navoi French national library complimented Uzbekistan national library with Alisher Navoi's books translated into French. In our country translation scientists are still working on translating Alisher Navoi's works. Xolbekov.M , G`afurov.I , Abduazizov.A, Odilova.G.K, Rixsieva.G, Hamidov.X and etc. are known by their translation works.(7) There were some misconceptions about translating uzbek classic literature, because of its complicated structure in national spirit. Aesthetic values or poetic truth in a poem are conveyed in word order and sounds, as well as in cognitive sense (logic). And these aesthetic values have no independent meaning, but they are correlative with the various types of meaning in the text. Hence, if the translator destroys the word choice, word order, and the sounds, he impairs and distorts the beauty of the original poem. Words or expressions that contain culturally-bound word(s) create certain .Anyway, translation scientists in Uzbekistan succeeded in this duty. There is a fragment of translation Navoi's rubai by translator K.Ma'murov: (8)

Jondin seni ko'p sevarmen, ey umri aziz,

Sondin seni ko'p sevarmen, ey umri aziz,

Har neniki sevmak andin ortiq bo'lmas,

Andin seni ko'p sevarmen, ey umri aziz.

Then we can see translating:

I love you more than my soul, oh, my dear,

I love you more than all numbers, oh, my dear,

Loving anything cannot be more than that,

I love you much more than that, oh, my dear.

It is obvious that national picture of the poem is more expressive and emotive rather than original one. Translator did his work perfectly.

In poems Alisher Navoi we come across to rhythmical rubai. The first three parts has the same rhymes. Usage of such rhymes gives clear meaning in each line. For example:

Ko'z birla qoshing yaxshi, qabog'ing yaxshi,

Yuz birla so'zing yaxshi, dudog'ing yaxshi.

Eng birla menging yaxshi, saqoqing yaxshi,

Bir-bir ne deyin boshtin-ayog'ing yaxshi.

Then look at the translation:

Your eyes and brows are good, eyelids are good,

Your appearance and words are good, your lips are good,

Your cheeks with marks are good, chins are good,

Shall I name one by one, you are good from head to foot.

Translator choose the most suitable words for eyelids, lips, chins instead of qabog'ing, dudog'ing, saqoqing, ayog'ing. As a result, there appeared the rhyme. In translating Navoi's poems translators should pay attention not only on right translation, but also on tune. He often used the style of writing poems called “tashbeh”. In the next poems translated achieved a good result of complete correspondence translation:

G'urbatda g'arib shodumon bo'lmas emish,

El anga shafiqu mehribon bo'lmas emish,

Oltin qafas ichra gar qizil gul bitsa,

Bulbulg'a tikandek oshiyon bo'lmas emish.

Here is a translating:

A poor is said to be not happy in a strange land,

People are said not to treat him friendly and kindly,

Should there grows a red rose in the cage,

Is said not to make a company like a prickle for a nightingale.

Here translator is able to grasp deep meaning, however typical tune of rubai is lost. Translating literary works is, perhaps, always more difficult than translating other types of text because literary works have specific values called the aesthetic and expressive values.

In conclusion, if we choose this profession in spite of any difficulties, we must dedicate ourselves to it. And remember - Rome was not built in a day.

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