Basic features of scientific writing

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Особенности языка научной литературы

Ахмадов А.С.

Краснодарское высшее военное училище им. генерала армии С.М. Штеменко Краснодар, Россия

Language of scientific and technical literature is distinguished by its features in a separate style of speech. It's called the scientific style of speech. Science is characterized by the fact that its aim is the most accurate, logical, unequivocal expression of thought as a form of social consciousness. The main form of thinking in the field of science is the concept and dynamics of linguistic embodiment of thought expressed in judgments and inferences.

There are some basic features of scientific writing: objectivity, abstraction, intelligence and brevity (conciseness). Within the scientific speech system several of its substyles are allocated: proper scientific (academic) - adopted for writing scientific papers, theses; scientific or informative scientific and business - a style patent and process descriptions; educational and scientific - teaching materials subgenres; popular science, and others.

Systematic basic functional style consists of general language (neutral) elements, linguistic and stylistic elements that in a certain context acquire stylistic quality and / or participate in the creation of stylistic qualities context of the text. Each style has its own principles of selection of these elements and their interrelation. speech scientific language

The text structures of the scientific style are usually multidimensional and multilevel. However, this does not mean that all texts have the same degree of structural complexity. For example, they may be completely different in purely physical construction. Each of the genres of scientific style has its own characteristics and personal features, but due to the fact that it is difficult to give a description of specific features of all genres and types of scientific style at once, we would like to draw your attention to scientific genre of theses, which is one of the most actual genres of science language.

Scientific style is the functional style of literary language, which has some specific features. It often used in monographs, articles, reports, textbooks, course works etc.

The most important part of scientific style is terms. There is a number of requirements to terminology, which includes: independence of the term context, short term, simplicity and clarity, the degree of implementation of the term. One of the most important requirements is the accuracy of the term. That means clarity and limited value. Term has to reflect the characteristics of meaning.

Next requirement is the uniqueness of the term: one word has one explanation, it can include more than one interpretation, but these have only one main point.

It has to be systematic, the term should not be synonyms, and also it has to be short. Last requirement is rather contradictory. Nowadays the more and more people using word combination to explain some complex phenomenon, such as transcontinental or paper-based systems.

Scientific speech is characterized by the following features: accented by informative; appeal to a limited group of trained interlocutors (if person does not have the necessary conceptual apparatus, it is too hard to interpret some specific meaning of terms); the logical sequence of the narrative.

Scientific style is characterized by certain lexical, grammatical and syntactical features:

a large number of terms and other symbols;

the widespread using of abstract vocabulary, as a rule, in its literal sense; international vocabulary (in medicine using Latin, in economic - English, etc.);

usage of clichйs phrases; use the form singular of the noun in the plural meaning; the use of verbal-nominal constructions is the verb in the function of a predicate; the use of impersonal constructions;

complex sentences with subordinate verbs, investigation, assignment, attributive; a large number of separate definitions and circumstances.

In conclusion, scientific style serves a purpose: to transfer information from writer to reader.

Литература

1. Васильева А. Н. Основы культуры речи. - М., 1990. - С.93

2. Введение в языкознание. / Под ред. Василькова П.М. - СПб.: Речь, 2004

3. Введенская Л.А., Павлова Л.Г., Кашаева Е.Ю. Русский язык и культура речи. - Ростов-на-Дону: Феникс, 2004.

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