Elements of implementation of innovative economic model in enterprises of Ukraine

Размещено на http://www.allbest.ru/

УДК 338. 439. 62

ELEMENTS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF INNOVATIVE ECONOMIC MODEL IN ENTERPRISES OF UKRAINE

L.M. Ternavska,

A.V. Andrusenko

Formulation of the problem The raw material orientation of the domestic economy, connected primarily with the export of mineral raw materials -- oil and gas, has led to the fact that in the market of consumer goods, a significant part of domestic production was displaced by imported producers. In these conditions, the relative reduction in the volume of domestic production of industrial and agricultural products has increased the role of trade.

The current stage of development of the sphere of trade in Ukraine is characterized by the fact that competition in this area of business has increased significantly. At the same time, in the competition on the domestic trade market, there is an increasing number of foreign participants. In today's conditions, competitiveness is becoming a key issue in the country's economic and technological policy, as it promotes acceleration of innovation, cooperation stimulation and deepening of internationalization.

Analysis of recent research and publications. The study of practical and theoretical aspects of innovative activity deals with many domestic and foreign scientists: A. S. Brytvenko [1, 6], N. V. Runcheva [1], N. M. Rylach [2], G. A. Shvydanenko, K. S. Boichenko [3], I. V. Kolodiazhna [4] and others. Areas of improvement bof ways of introducing of innovative model are also not left unnoticed by researchers.

The purpose of the article is disclosure of the peculiarities of innovative development and its impact on Ukraine's economic growth and the rationale for the introduction of an innovative economic model at enterprises.

The main material of the research. World experience proves that the use of innovative models of corporate agribusiness development is a significant reserve for increasing the efficiency of using available resources in the agrarian sector. Despite the large number of studies devoted to the essence of innovation in agriculture, there is still no unanimous opinion regarding the identification of the innovative model of development of the corporate segment and its impact on improving the efficiency and competitiveness of the agrosphere as a whole. Thus, innovative development of branches of agrarian production is considered as economic transformations, where, under the existing conditions, the optimization of economic growth is underway, and the formation of competitive advantages and their support is ensured by the widespread use of intellectual and innovative potential on its basis.

It is noted that the problem of development of innovative activity on the basis of the achievements of scientific and technologic progress is complex and multifaceted. It is defined as a promising direction of development which creates a favorable environment Рунчева, Л. М. Тернавська, А. В. Андрусенко, 2018 for the efficient use of natural resources, industrial and labor resource potential and increases the competitiveness of the country as a whole. The essence of innovative activity needs to be clarified at the level of corporate relations. The basis of these processes are effective production methods, the use of new generation of technics and technologies, the use of new personnel policies and so on, considering the accumulated scientific and innovative potential [1].

The production of knowledge is the basis for implementation of innovative economic but no country is able to create all the knowledge necessary for sustainable growth and increasing of competitiveness. The internationalization of scientific and technologic sphere opens new opportunities for developing countries to gain access to technologies, to create products and services with high added value, develop new skills and a new culture of innovative activity. Foreign direct investment in scientific and technologic sphere can contribute to the strengthening of the national innovative system of the countries, industrial and technological modernization that will allow countries to perform more complex functions, use more modern equipment and produce more high-tech products.

The inclusion of national subjects of innovative activity to the global innovative environment allows to implement innovative economic model ensures the development and deepening of international scientific, technological and innovative cooperation. On the other hand, the internationalization of innovative sphere affects on the formation of the national innovative system of the country and its competitiveness.

There are three main categories of internationalization of innovative sphere. According to the first, national companies, TNC and individual innovators engaged in the international commercialization of technologies. The second category applies to domestic and international scientific and technological cooperation between private and state institutions, including domestic companies, multinational corporations, universities and research centers. International innovative activity of TNC is the third category. TNC is the only institutions which can monitor and implement innovative process at the global level.

Globalization of innovative sphere is connected with innovative processes associated with the structure of the national innovative system (NIS) in national economies. In the process of developing NIS there are taken into account trends of the process of globalization of scientific and technological sphere, there are created powerful innovative institutions with advanced technological and innovative and educational net, capable to transform the globalization results in the national interests. For the most effective use of international flows of knowledge, technologies, innovations the country should be able to explore and implement scientific achievements of other countries.

At present, there are two approaches to NIS place in the terms of the internationalization of innovative activity. According to the first approach, subjects engaged in basic research who work with initially «national» innovation cycle and, therefore, are included in NIS. According to the second approach, the subjects of domestic economy, conduct fundamental researches and produce nonprofit knowledge which are automatically involved in global innovative activity.

Consequently, in the field of science and technology, the processes of globalization increase the tendency to use external resources, international cooperation and networking. Those countries that are most efficiently adopting and using new technologies, developed anywhere in the world, will benefit most. In such circumstances, the objectives of internationalization of the innovation sphere are as follows:

— enhancing the quality of advanced scientific research and innovation outcomes by improving access to external sources of knowledge and strengthening global collaboration between research organizations and innovation networks for the joint development and use of new knowledge and technologies, using the factor of comparative advantages (knowledge and technologies);

— increasing the attractiveness of the country in the global technology and innovation market and the successful competition for research contracts and services, as well as attracting foreign investment and professionals in the innovation field;

— preparation of a national background for successful foreign innovation activities;

— rapid response to global challenges and international commitments in the innovation field.

There are three modes of internationalization of the field of science, technology and innovation:

1. International scientific and technical cooperation between partners from more than one country for the creation of new scientific knowledge and technological know-how, as a result of which each partner retains its own institutional identity and ownership remains unchanged (for example, in the case of direct investments or bilateral intergovernmental scientific and technical programs).

2. International generation of knowledge and innovation by multinational enterprises (BNP) that create innovation across borders through the construction of research networks, including the creation of new research units in the host country or the purchase of research foreign units.

3. International use of innovative know-how and technologies through trade, licensing and patents, reverse engineering, etc.

In addition, you can select «internal purposes» of the country in the process of internationalization of the innovative sphere aimed at improving its national appeal and «external goals.» The first include increasing the attraction of foreign of inflows direct investitions in the innovative sphere, attracting foreign researchers, distributioning of national science abroad, creating an adequate innovative environment in the country for improving conditions for scientific and technical cooperation, transformation of researches of innovations and new technologies. «External goals» include strengthening of participation in international cooperation and strengthening of bilateral and multilateral relations in scientific and technological sphere, to connecting national researchers to global scientific, technological and innovative activity, increasing international mobility of researchers, opening of national research programs for researchers from other countries [2].

Complex innovative model of enterprise innovation is an effective information and methodological tool for forming and improving of its activities. It can be used for businesses that continue to update and improve already described business processes and other elements of innovative activity.

You can mark the following prerequisites for implementing innovative model of enterprise development in contemporary economy:

— technical and economic feasibility of the need to implement the model;

— market potential (backed by consumer demand);

— dynamic processes of commercialization of science and technology;

— financial supporting of the creation and / or purchase of innovations;

— evaluation of alternatives regarding the economic feasibility of the creation and / or purchase of innovations;

— feasibility of strategies of effective using of innovations;

— identifying promising trends of improvement of models.

It should also pay attention to the content of essential methodological tools of diagnostic of development of enterprise on the innovative model. There can be identified the following main components:

— analysis of effectiveness of activity and development of entities, innovative audit;

— diagnostics of using of existing innovative potential and determining the prospects of improving of business models on innovative criterion;

— dynamic methods of effective implementation of innovative projects, analytical, economic and mathematical, predictive, integrated and combined methods.

The results of the research can be concluded that the development and implementation of innovative model of business development provides a number of advantages and contributes to:

— reducing the temporary and financial costs of the realization of innovative projects of formalization and optimization activities of an enterprise of the and other projects of innovative development;

— quickly and efficiently projection of new products (services) and business processes;

— implementation of modern successful practices into activities of an enterprise;

— improving the quality of service and domestic activities;

— intensifying efficiency and quality of management decisions;

— integration of strategy with all the elements and management systems in the enterprise;

— releasing time of managers of performing routine functions with the aim of forming timely and effective management decisions. [3]

In modern conditions it makes most sense to carry out large-scale investments into innovative technologies and working methods, that is, to reduce distribution costs and improve commodity distribution system. In addition, they can put pressure on suppliers. Among the key areas of innovative activity are the following:

— new technologies that reduce the negative impact properties of trading services for the implementation of services and offer additional opportunities for differentiation strategies of business organizations;

— information and communicftions technologies for study and consideration of the individual characteristics of the buyer, assessment customer value; internationalization innovation competitiveness economic

— information technologies that allow to interact with customers at any place and at any time [4].

-- Building an innovative model is regulated by the following system principles:

— use of international cooperation in the sphere of technological transfer;

— forming growth points in the innovative sphere based on the existing competitive advantages and already existing viable enterprises and structures;

— combination of market mechanisms with the state supporting of innovations;

— ongoing monitoring and management of the effectiveness of innovative system based on indicative figures.

Innovative activity is always risky, complex and requires significant financial investment. However, studies show, that those enterprises which engaged in such activities in recent years are the most successful, stable and have the best development results. Current realities have repeatedly proved that it is the implementation of innovative activity (new machinery, technologies, management innovations, organization of labour and motivation of the staff to take part in these processes) gives the best results and is the main factor of development. Notabely innovations make it possible to increase market share and get high rates of economic growth, solve problems, both economic and environmental, social, technological nature.

Figure 1 shows the cause-and-effect relationships of formation of innovative economy of the state with the help of state regulation of national innovation system of the enterprise in view of peculiarities of business activity, infrastructure and economic security.

Confirmation that the introduction of innovation really is an important part of economic activity, can serve a successful business experience abroad. Switzerland, Germany, France and Britain, the USA, Japan from the technological core of the world development and they account for the largest share of high-tech products. Expenditure on scientific-research and development work is quite substantial and account for more than half of R&D expenditure in developed countries. This was the main reason that priority is given to innovative products.

According to the latest data presented in Table 1 in the annual ranking of the most innovative countries of the world «The Global Innovation Index», Ukraine ranked 50th overall performance for 2017. Participated, 127 countries, there are innovation performance indexes of some of them. Thus, the five most innovative countries are Switzerland, Sweden, Netherlands, the USA and the UK. For comparison, in 2016 Ukraine ranked 56 place in the overall rating. This indicates that carried out work in this area demonstrate its effectiveness. It should be noted that the enterprises of Ukraine require constant changes and increasing competitive position in the global market for goods and services, in particular.

Foreign experience shows that governments of successful innovative countries exercise changes in legislative, organizational and financial spheres of businesses that stimulate activation of innovative activity. In these countries, with the support of the state innovative clusters appear which promote close cooperation and exchange of knowledge, resources, personnel, etc. To implement the appropriate measures in Ukraine it is needed the effective state innovative policy which will intensify innovative activities [5].

Table 1