Leaf morphometry of Kuban wild-growing grape liana

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LEAF MORPHOMETRY OF KUBAN WILD-GROWING GRAPE LIANA

Interactive ampelography opportunities using the recent progress of multimedia technologies, computational processing tools and collected data analysis enable us to expand and deepen botanical conceptions about grape leaf morphometry [5].

Material and methods

Study materials are photographed leaves of grape form plant specimen previously related to wild-growing subspecies ssp. Vitis vinifera silvestris Gmel. and later, - to Vitis vinifera silvesatis Ram. by morphology [3, 9, 12].

Lianas of these subspecies widespread in Eurasia long since are concentrated in the Caucasus including Krasnodar Territory mentioned by academician N.I. Vavilov in 1929 [3, 12].

Scientific expeditions on grape-growing areas detection after international program IPGRI have been led annually to the North Caucasus since 2003 [6].

As it turned out, 1 to 7 lianas were identified and described in each of 16 habitats. For instance, in 2009 twenty lianas were described in the following areas:

1) damanskiy, Krymskiy district - 3 (D1… D3),

2) nechaevskiy, Аbinskiy district - 7 (А1… А7),

3) virovskiy, the Adygh Republic - 6 (V1… V6),

4) fanagoriyskiy, Goryache-Кlyuchevskoy district - 1 (F1),

5) khostinskiy, Khostinskiy district, Sochi Region - 3 (H1… H3).

Wild-growing grape lianas screening with simultaneous leaf photographing and well-known ampelographic descriptor OIV application were implemented during scientific expedition [7-8].

Data collection from 666 photographed grown leaves is made with the program SIAMS Photolab [10-11] on 22 descriptive features (table 1).

The information is put into Excel-table automatically: 065-1 - leaf blade length, 065-2 - leaf blade width, 092 - petiole length, 601 - mid rib length, 602 - upper lateral rib length, 603 - lower lateral rib length, 604 - length from lower lateral rib to its lower edge crossing, 605 - top distance to bight, 606 - lower distance to bight, 607 - alpha angle, 608 - beta angle, 609 - zeta angle, 610 - gamma angle, 611 - width from lower lateral rib to its lower edge crossing, 612 - right outside serration length, 613 - right outside serration width, 614 - right lower serration length, 615 - right lower serration width, 616 - upper lateral lobe serration number, 617 - upper lateral lobe width, 618 - distance between lower lobes, 619 - length from leaf blade petiole root to lower serration outside point (introduced in the previous article [5]). Technical part of photographed leaf measurement is made by the bright student А. Мilovanov.

18 additional index features were also calculated for comparative leaf investigations [4, 8], introduced in table 2.

Research work objective: to compare measurement results of 651 photographed leaves of 20 wild-growing lianas with 15 herbarium leaves of three lianas, stored in Botany Department, Kuban State Agrarian University (AU), on 40 ampelographic quantitative features and to find out their morphological identity (рис. 1-3).

Picture 2. Herbarium № 2 Kuban SAU.

Тable 1. - Interactive measurement data of 22 initial parameters of 15 herbarium leaves, Kuban SAU, 2011

Тable 2. - Interactive measurement data of 18 index parameters of 15 herbarium leaves, Kuban SAU, 2011

Research Results

Biometrical data analysis measurement results of 651 leaves of 20 North-Caucasus wild-growing grape lianas with 15 Kuban SAU сompared herbariums introduced in tables 3 and 4. liana leaf growing grape

According to the data in tables 3, 4 the following conclusion can be made.

Twenty wild-growing lianas variation coefficients of 22 measured ampelographic leaf features without their biometric transformation vary within wide intervals (CVs are introduced in table 3): 16,6 - 42,2 with its mean 28,7%, 15,8 - 53,0 at 29,8%, 11,0 - 41,2 at 21,7%, 9,1 - 29,0 at 19,8%, 11,7 - 45,7 at 24,2%, 13,8 - 26,9 at 19,6%, 10,8 - 29,4 at 19,1%, 10,2 - 43,6 at 21,2%, 3,2 - 52,0 at 15,6%, 8,5 - 22,5 at 15,2%, 9,2 - 33,0 at 21,8%, 9,5 - 35,0 at 23,1%, 11,0 - 36,7 at 21,1%, 8,1 - 30,5 at 21,2%, 13,0 - 51,2 at 32,8%, 13,7 - 48,6 at 25,3%, 8,2 - 40,8 at 15,1%, 7,3 - 44,2 at 24,3%, 10,1 - 34,3 at 19,6% and 9,7 - 33,3 at 19,8%. In total the same features average variation coefficient of 20 lianas was 22,0%. Herbarium leaf variability coefficient of the same name features varied from 13,3 to 46,4%, with its mean 31,6%.

Variation coefficient analysis of 18 index leaf features of the same 20 lianas (table. 4), is reflected in the following figures: 12,1 - 65,3 at 26,8%, 10,9 - 81,6 at 31,1%, 7,7 - 34,2 at 19,7%, 6,1 - 37,5 at 16,7%, 6,2 - 51,8 at 22,2%, 7,7 - 72,9 at 21,9%, 6,2 - 29,9 at 16,3%, 6,4 - 37,1 at 16,5%, 1,6 - 28,7 at 13,3%, 4,6 - 23,6 at 15,4%, 6,3 - 40,9 at 21,7%, 6,1 - 43,4 at 18,3%, 7,1 - 39,1 at 21,6%, 7,0 - 39,0 at 19,5%, 6,0 - 69,2 at 28,6%, 9,3 - 45,5 at 22,1%, 4,1 - 61,8 at 18,0%, 7,0 - 73,5 at 25,2%, 7,7 - 35,5 at 19,1% and 5,4 - 36,8 at 19,7%. In total, index features average variation coefficient of 20 lianas was 20,7%. Variability coefficient of the same name features of 15 herbarium leaves varied from 8,1 to 59,6%, with its mean 23,8% - it is 8% less than 22 initially measured features.

Taking into consideration highly variable degree of ampelographic quantitative leaf features with such a low amount of examined liana samples (n = 4 - 47), cluster analysis is applied as a grouping method of examined lianas by morphological resemblance of naturally mutable leaves.

Cluster analysis was made with the following seven methods described in prof. I.A. Katsko work [1]: single link (Euclidean distance), full link (Euclidean distance), unweighed paired mean (Euclidean distance), weighed paired mean (Euclidean distance), unweighed centroid (Euclidean distance), weighed centroid (Euclidean distance) and Varda methods.

Distance integration

Cluster analysis dendrograms with seven various methods

It is introduced graphically in the dendrograms that application of seven widespread methods of cluster data analysis gave us opportunity to single out two superclusters as two rather homogeneous totalities of research objects - lianas. The first supercluster includes the first biotypical group of phenotycically analogous to herbarium liana leaves V. vinifera silvesrtris Gmel. along with alvirivskaya, two damanskaya (D2 and D3), one nechaevskaya (А3) and all of khostinskaya lianas, the second one comprises lianas group of six nechaevskaya (А1, А2, А4, А5, А6, А7) and fanagoriyskaya lianas (F1).

Stable subcluster V3-AU emergence is morphological identity illustration of herbarium leaves with virovskaya ones. Their lianas grow not far from Shuntuk farm (Teuchezhskiy district, the Adygh Republic) in the forestry of the Shunduk bank - left tributary of the Belaya.

Due to the migrating position in the diagrams damanskaya liana D1 can be morphologically related to the third biotype.

It proves the necessity of biometric research extending using «Eidos» method and wild-growing lianas differentiation into biological types by leaf morphology [2].

Conclusions and Recommendations

Despite of diverse cluster analysis methods had generated various superclusters, clusters and subclusters, united in subclusters, lianas turned out to be morphologically identical by leaf morphometry. It is essential to analyze molecular-genetic side.

Consequently according to 40 morphometric features the most similar to 15 herbarium leaves of three lianas are all of virovskaya, two damanskaya (D2 and D3), one nechaevskaya (А3) and all of khostinskaya lianas. Stable subcluster V3-AU existence indicates morphological herbarium leaf identity with virovskaya lianas grown near Shuntuk farm in the forestry of the Shunduk bank.

Botanical matter decision of virovskaya, damanskaya and khostinskaya lianas classifying as ampelographic taxon ssp. Vitis vinifera silvestris Gmel. must be provided by multidimentional method «Eidos». Fanagoriyskaya and nechaevskaya lianas attributed to taxon ssp. Vitis vinifera silvesatis Ram. should be evaluated by the same effective method.

List reference

1. Каtskо I.А., Pаklin N.B. Workshop on data analysis on computer. - Кrasnodar: Кuban SAU, 2007. - p. 236, illustration.

2. Lutsenko E.V. Universal cognitive analytic system `Eidos'. Pat. № 2003610986 RF. Appl. № 2003610510 Pub. 22.04.2003.

3. Тroshin L.P. Ampelography and grape selection. - Кrasnodar: RIC «Freestyle masters», 1999. - p. 138.

4. Тroshin L.P. Grape evaluation and selection. - Yalta, 1990. - p. 160.

5. Ortiz Jesus Marэa et al. Molecular and morphological characterization of a Vitis gene bank for the establishment of a base collection // Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. - 2004. - 51: 403-409.

Annotation

LEAF MORPHOMETRY OF KUBAN WILD-GROWING GRAPE LIANA

Troshin Leonid Petrovich Dr.Sci.Biol., professor Kuban State Agrarian University, Krasnodar, Russia Leaf morphometry of Kuban wild-growing grape liana has not been studied yet and there is no evidence of straight subspecies representatives location of Vitis vinifera silvestris Gmel. on the Kuban land. Though there have been suppositions about it in science since long ago [5]. With morphometric taxonomy appearance there was necessity of exact focusing on modern state of genotypic grape variety and biological leaf polymorphism for link identification silvestris - silvesatis - sativa

Keywords: AMPELOGRAPHY, GRAPE,

POPULATION, LEAF, MORPHOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS

МОРФОМЕТРИЯ ЛИСТЬЕВ КУБАНСКИХ ДИКОРАСТУЩИХ ЛИАН ВИНОГРАДА

Трошин Леонид Петрович д. б. н., профессор

Кубанский государственный аграрный университет, Краснодар, Россия

Морфометрия листьев кубанских дикорастущих лиан винограда, насколько на сей момент нам об этом известно, до сих пор не изучена и не доказано наличие на кубанской земле представителей чистого подвида Vitis vinifera silvestris Gmel., хотя предположения об этой информации витали в научной среде с давних пор [5]. С появлением направления морфометрической таксономии возникла необходимость четкой фиксации современного состояния генотипического разнообразия лиан и биологического полиморфизма листьев для установления связи silvestris - silvesatis - sativa

Ключевые слова: АМПЕЛОГРАФИЯ, ВИНОГРАД, ПОПУЛЯЦИЯ, ЛИСТЬЯ, МОРФОМЕТРИЧЕСКИЕ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ

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