English For Lawyers
Reading and understanding of original professional literature. Obtaining necessary information from legal documents and reproduction of the contents read in English or in the native language. Word formation and spelling of endings, legislative terms.
Рубрика | Иностранные языки и языкознание |
Вид | учебное пособие |
Язык | английский |
Дата добавления | 07.11.2014 |
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НАЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ УНІВЕРСИТЕТ ПРИРОДОКОРИСТУВАННЯ ТА БІОРЕСУРСІВ УКРАЇНИ
НАВЧАЛЬНИЙ ПОСІБНИК
«English For Lawyers»
для студентів, які навчаються за напрямом підготовки «Правознавство»
Київ - 2014
УДК: 811.111:81 271/276:347
Навчальний посібник розрахований на студентів вищих юридичних навчальних закладів та факультетів, а також працівників правоохоронних органів, які бажають поповнити свої знання з англійської мови.
Мета посібника - навчити студентів читати та розуміти оригінальну фахову літературу, отримувати необхідну інформацію з юридичних текстів та відтворювати зміст прочитаного англійською або рідною мовою. Саме розуміння прочитаного оригінального матеріалу є одним з найважливіших завдань при навчанні читанню фахової літератури.
Рекомендовано Вченою радою НУБіП України
Укладачі: Дубовик О.М., Чернеля І.М.
Рецензенти:
Д.В. Кононова, кандидат філологічних наук, доцент кафедри романо-германських мов Навчально-наукового центру мовної підготовки Національної академії СБ України;
Є.О. Мансі, кандидат філологічних наук, доцент кафедри англійської мови Національного педагогічного університету імені Драгоманова;
Т.В. Тарнавська, кандидат педагогічних наук, доцент кафедри англійської мови для економічних спеціальностей Національного університету біоресурсів та природокористування України.
НАВЧАЛЬНИЙ ПОСІБНИК
«English For Lawyers»
для студентів, які навчаються
за напрямом підготовки «Правознавство»
Укладачі: ДУБОВИК ОЛЕНА МИКОЛАЇВНА,
ЧЕРНЕЛЯ ІРИНА МИКОЛАЇВНА
Видання здійснено за авторським редагуванням
Відповідальний за випуск: Дубовик О.М
Друк ТОВ «Видавничо-поліграфічний дім «Формат»
CONTENTS
ВІД АВТОРА
PART I
UNIT ONE. WHY I STUDY LAW
UNIT TWO. NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF LIFE AND ENVIROMENTAL SCIENCES OF UKRAINE
UNIT THREE. LAW FACULTY
UNIT FOUR. LAW AND PEOPLE IN LEGAL PROFESSOIN
UNIT FIVE. HISTORY UKRAINE
UNIT SIX. THE COSTITUTION OF UKRAINE
UNIT SEVEN. THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES
UNIT EIGHT. TLEGAL PROFESSION IN BRITAIN
UNIT NINE. SIGHTSEEING IN KYIV
UNIT TEN. TRAVELLING IN LONDON
PART II
UNIT ELEVEN. UKRAINIAN PARLIAMENT
UNIT TWELVE. BRITISH PARLIAMENT AND PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS
UNIT THIRTEEN. THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES
UNIT FOURTEEN. CHECKS AND BALANCES
UNIT FIFTEEN. EXRCUTIVE POWER IN UKRAINE
UNIT SIXTEEN. JUSTICE IN UKRAINE
UNIT SEVENTEEN. COURTS IN THE USA
UNIT EIGHTEEEN. COURTS IN ENGLAND AND WALES
UNIT NINETEEN. COURTS IN UKRAINE
UNIT TWENTY. LAND CODE OF UKRAINE
PART III
UNIT TWENTY ONE. HUMAN RIGHTS HISTORY
UNIT TWENTY THREE. YUMAN RIGHT UNDER THE CONSTITUTION OF UKRAINE
UNIN TWENTY FOUR. UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS
UNIT TWENTY FIVE. CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS A NIL FUNDAMENTAL FREEDOMS
UNIT TWENTY SIX. PROCEDURE BEFORE THE COURT
UNIT TWENTY SEVEN. COUNCIL OF EUROPE
UNIT TWENTY EIGHT. INSTITUTIONS OF THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE: COMMITTEE OF MINISTERS
UNIT TWENTY NINE. AN ASSEMBLY FOR THE WHOLE OF EUROPE
UNIT THIRTY. DEMOCRACY THROUGH LAW
STARTING TEST
GRAMMAR TESTS
APPENDIX 1. WORD FORMATION
APPENDIX 2. THE SPELLING OF ENDINGS
APPENDIX 3. PUNCTUATION
APPENDIX 4. RECOMMENDED WEBSITES
APPENDIX 5. DATES OF RATIFICATION OF THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS AND ADDITIONAL PROTOCOLS
APPENDIX 6. RECOMMENDED WEBSITES
APPENDIX 7. SUBSTANTIVE ARTICLES OF THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION AND PROTOCOLS TO THE CONVENTION
APPENDIX 8. CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL FREEDOMS
APPENDIX 9. MINISTRIES, DEPARTMENTS, COMMITTEES AND INSTITUTIONS
APPENDIX 10. GLOSSARY OF TERMS RELATED TO LAND AND LAND LEGISLATION
APENDIX 11. CURRICULUM VITAE
APPENDIX 12. EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS
APPENDIX 13
GLOSSARY
ВІД АВТОРА
Структура навчального посібника “Англійська мова” для студентів юридичних факультетів вищих аграрних навчальних закладів та зміст матеріалів, обраних для посібника, зумовлені особливими пріоритетами в галузі вивчення англійської мови, що на сучасному етапі розвитку незалежної України, її приєднання до Ради Європи та реформування її правової системи з метою приведення у відповідність з європейськими стандартами мають зосереджувати увагу на формуванні у студентів навичок уміння викладати англійською мовою положення вітчизняного права. Саме тому значну частину матеріалів посібника становлять тексти, присвячені праву України, на відміну від існуючих посібників для юристів, побудованих в основному на текстах з англійського та американського права. Доцільність такого матеріалу підтверджується багаторічним викладацьким досвідом автора та апробованою нею методикою навчання правничій термінології на положеннях Основного закону України, кодексів та законів України.
Посібник складається з трьох частин. Перша частина (десять уроків) присвячена загально-правовій та країнознавчій тематиці, залежно від кількості годин, розрахована на перший етап вивчення англійської мови на першому курсі. english language word spelling
Друга частина присвячена державному устрою та судовій системі Сполученого Королівства і Сполучених Штатів Америки, а також України. Кожен текст уроку супроводжується словником-мінімумом по гемі. Основні правничі терміни подаються з українськими відповідниками, що надзвичайно доцільно, оскільки правнича термінологія в Україні знаходиться на стадії формування, а наявні словники правничої термінології далеко не завжди можуть бути надійними помічниками тих, хто вивчає англійську мову у професійних цілях. Тому після попереднього оглядового читання тексту рекомендується детальне ознайомлення з термінами і терміносполученнями, поданими після тексту, та їх вивчення. Подальші вправи сприятимуть закріпленню засвоєних моделей. Доцільним є також включення до другої частини тексту «Земельний кодекс України» та глосарію термінів, пов'язаних із землею та земельним законодавством, що подається у Додатку 6 і буде особливо корисним для магістрантів та аспірантів, спеціалізацією яких є земельне та природоресурсне право.
Особливої уваги заслуговує третя частина посібника, присвячена захисту прав людини в Україні, на європейському та міжнародному ріннях. Актуальний автентичний матеріал, використаний у посібнику, безперечно буде значною мірою заохочувані студентів та підвищувати їх інтерес до вивчення англійської мови. Тим більше, що ця тематика - terra incognita для більшості населення України і навіть багатьох юристів. Упродовж багатьох років українські лідери виголошують промови про європейські амбіції України, проте мало кому відомо, до нкої європейської інституції наша держава приєдналась, а до якої - ще ні, та які цілі вони переслідують.
Україна підписала Конвенцію про захист прав людини і основних свобод 9 листопада 1995 року (і з цієї дати є членом Ради Європи), 17 ти пня 1997 року було прийнято Закон України «Про ратифікацію Конвенції про захист прав людини і основних свобод 1950 року, Першого протоколу та протоколів № 2, 4, 7 та 11 до Конвенції», а 11 вересня 1997 року Конвенція набрала чинності стосовно України. Ці іати має запам'ятати кожен, тому що при поданні заяви до європейського суду слід враховувати, що оскаржувати можна лише події, що відбулися після 11 вересня 1997 року. Те, що практикуючі правники не знають правил Європейського суду з прав людини, утверджується вражаючою статистикою, яка надається у часописі (Практика Європейського суду з прав людини. Рішення. Коментарі» 2004 p., № 2): у Другій секції Суду, до юрисдикції якої входить розгляд заяв-скарг проти держави Україна та ще 11 інших держав (як відомо,:судді, кількість яких дорівнює кількості держав-членів Ради Європи, поділяються на 4 секції), заяви проти України складають23%, а кількість заяв, що відповідають вимогам щодо прийнятності, - близько), І %.
Раду Європи, у межах якої діє Європейський суд, розташований у Страсбурзі, не слід плутати з Європейським Союзом, членом якого поки що не стала Україна (до Ради Європи входять 46 європейських держав, а 10 ЄС - 25).
Отже, у третій частині посібника студенти ознайомляться з історією виникнення теорії природних прав та її подальшим розвитком, даватимуть змогу порівняти рівень захисту людини в Україні з міжнародними нормами, закріпленими у Загальній декларації ООН та європейській конвенції з прав людини. Окремий урок присвячено процедурі подання заяви до Європейського суду з прав людини. У додатках міститься анкета для подання заяви до Європейського суду. Студентам та й викладачам було б корисно потренуватися заповнювати ю анкету (див. Додаток 7), оскільки аналогічні анкети їм доведеться заповнювати для поїздки за кордон при отриманні візи чи участі у конкурсі на навчання. Підвищенню професійного ріння та розширенню світогляду студентів безумовно сприятимуть розміщені у посібнику додатки, серед яких знаходимо глосарій термінів, пов'язаних із земельним правом, відомості про ратифікацію Європейської конвенції та Протоколів до неї державами-членами Ради Європи, зокрема Україною.
Серед додатків є Додаток №1 - перелік веб-сайтів, конче потрібних для кожного правника, зокрема Європейського Союзу, Ради Європи, Європейського суду, НАТО, ОБСЄ, ООН, Британської Ради в Україні тощо.
Завдання у кожному уроці побудовані на аутентичному матеріалі, спрямовані на інтеграцію змісту мовлення і засобів вираження думки англійською мовою та утворюють методично виправдану систему вправ, що сприяють досягненню загальної мети - прищепленню навичок спілкування в галузі права. У посібнику поєднується фактична правнича інформація з комунікативними вправами, розрахованими на формування навичок спілкування на професійну тематику.
Сподіваємося, що навчання за цим навчальним посібником приноситиме Вам задоволення і сприятиме оволодінню англійською правничою термінологією, а сам посібник стане Вашим надійним помічником у спілкуванні фаховою англійською мовою з іноземними колегами.
Автор висловлює щиру подяку деканові юридичного факультету Національного аграрного університету В.І. Курилу за підтримку та цінні рекомендації.
PART I
UNIT ONE. WHY I STUDY LAW
Society can't do without law and lawyers.
Law is a vital part of our environment, it applies to all of us all the time, governs everything we do, and helps make society what it is.
Law may be used in many senses: we may speak of the laws of physics, mathematics, etc. When we speak of the law of a state, we use the term `law' in a special sense, and in that sense law may be defined as a rule of human conduct, imposed upon and enforced among the members of a given group or society.
Conflicts and problems are inevitable: in families, schools, offices, factories and neighborhoods, they are the natural outcome of group living. I want to do one thing, you want to do another, and we can't do both. Law is a mechanism for resolving and preventing conflicts. It uses reasonable argument instead of force for solving problems.
Men resort to various kinds of rules to guide their lives: rules or laws are drawn up to ensure that members of society may live and work together in an orderly and peaceful manner.
Now that Ukraine has become an independent state, we are confronted with the challenging task of building up a democratic, law-based state, the state where all are equal before the law where the rule of law is recognized and effective.
According to Article 3 of the Constitution of Ukraine which was adopted on 28 June 1996, `The human being, his or her life and health, honor and dignity, inviolability and security are recognized in Ukraine as the highest social value. Human rights and freedoms and their guarantees determine the essence and orientation of the activity of the State... To affirm and ensure human rights and freedoms is the main duty of the State.'
The profession of a lawyer has become a symbol of maturing democracy as lawyers serve the people and protect the people, their human rights and fundamental freedoms.
I have ch6sen the profession of a lawyer because I am eager to serve the people and defend their rights. No matter where I work after the graduation, whether I become a prosecutor, an investigator, an advocate or a judge, I am quite sure that I will become quite knowledgeable in the sphere of law. I might specialize in administering justice, strengthening legality, organized crime combating, crime prevention and combating dru trafficking. I am also interested in legal regulation of administrative, financial and economic relations. However, in every sphere of law it is extremely important to uphold main principles of justice administration, always be impartial, objective and fair.
Activity 1. Memorize the following words and word combinations. Use them in sentences of your own
society |
суспільство |
|
law |
закон, право |
|
lawyer |
юрист, правник |
|
environment |
оточення |
|
inevitable conflicts |
неминучі конфлікти |
|
natural outcome |
природний результат |
|
to prevent conflicts |
запобігати конфліктам |
|
to resolve conflicts |
вирішувати конфлікти |
|
to enforce law |
забезпечувати дотримання законів |
|
instead of force |
замість сили |
|
reasonable argument |
розумний аргумент |
|
independent state |
незалежна держава |
|
law-based state |
правова держава |
|
equal before the law |
рівні перед законом |
|
to ensure human rights |
забезпечувати права людини |
|
the highest social value |
найвища соціальна цінність |
|
prosecutor |
прокурор |
|
investigator |
слідчий |
|
advocate |
адвокат |
|
judge |
суддя |
|
to administer justice |
здійснювати правосуддя |
|
administration of justice |
здійснення правосуддя |
|
to strengthen legality |
зміцнювати законність |
|
organised crime combating |
боротьба з організованою злочинністю |
|
legal regulation |
правове регулювання |
|
crime prevention |
запобігання злочинності |
|
to prevent crime |
запобігати злочинності |
|
combating drug trafficking |
боротьба з розповсюдженням наркотиків |
|
to combat drug trafficking |
боротися з наркоторгівлею |
|
impartial |
безсторонній |
|
objective |
об'єктивний |
|
fair |
чесний, справедливий |
|
to take a full course of law |
слухати повний курс права |
|
Theory of State and Law |
теорія держави і права |
|
History of State and Law of Ukraine |
історія держави і права України |
|
History of State and Law |
історія держави і права зарубіжних |
|
of Foreign Countries |
країн |
|
Criminal Law and Procedure |
кримінальне право і процес |
|
to enter law faculty |
вступити на юридичний факультет |
|
curriculum |
навчальний план |
|
Law Enforcement Bodies |
правоохоронні органи |
|
Roman Law |
римське право |
|
Civil Law |
цивільне право |
|
Administrative Law |
адміністративне право |
|
Civil Procedure |
цивільний процес |
|
Financial Law |
фінансове право |
|
Labour Law |
трудове право |
|
constitutional protection |
конституційний захист прав |
|
of human rights |
людини |
|
to submit a year paper |
подавати курсову роботу |
|
research into some legal issues |
дослідження деяких правових проблем |
|
to do without law |
обійтися без права |
|
to nurture the maturing of democracy |
плекати формування демократії |
|
fragile |
тендітний |
|
destruction |
руйнування |
|
to abuse |
зловживати |
|
welfare state |
держава загального достатку |
|
totalitarian state |
тоталітарна держава |
|
to exercise powers |
здійснювати повноваження |
|
executive power |
виконавча влада |
Activity 2.
Role play the conversation:
- When did you leave school?
- Several months ago. And I've become a first-year student of National University of Life And Enviromental Sciences of Ukraine. Now I am taking a full course of law. We study Theory of State and Law, History of State and Law of Ukraine and Foreign Countries as well as Logic and History of Ukraine.
- Are you a full-time or a part-time student?
- I am a full-time student. But my sister combines her work and studies at the University, she is a part-time student. I am going to specialise in Criminal Law and Procedure. I made up my mind to enter the law faculty a few years ago when I was still at school.
- What do you know about the curriculum at the University?
- Not much. But I do know that as soon as we are through with Roman Law,we are going to pass over to the study of Civil Law and Civil Procedure.
- I see. Frankly speaking, I take a special liking to Civil Law.
- What other subjects are taught at the Law Faculty?
- Logic, Law Enforcement Bodies, Roman Law, Criminal Law and Procedure, Civil Law, Administrative Law, Financial Law, Labour Law, History of Ukraine, Latin, English, etc. When I am in my fourth year, I am going to devote myself to the special study of the constitutional protection of human rights in Ukraine and justice administration in our country. Each year we are to submit a year paper which is supposed to be a research into some legal issues.
- Why have you chosen law as your future profession?
- It is well-known that society can't do without law and lawyers. They serve and protect the people, their rights and individual freedoms. They symbolise and nurture the maturing of democracy in our society. But democratic institutions are fragile flowers. They must be guarded and tended for as democracy carries within it the seeds of its own destruction by giving freedom to citizens which some will abuse. According to Lord Denning, one of the best-known and influential judges Britain has known, former Master of the Rolls, `properly exercised, the new powers to the executive lead to the welfare state, but abused they lead to the totalitarian state.
Note: Master of the Rolls- the judge who is President of the t'i vil Division of the Court of Appeal in the UK. The office is an ancient one and was originally held by the keeper of the public records. Later the holder was a judge of the Court of Chancery and assistant to the Lord Chancellor. Since 1881 he has been the president of the Court of Appeal only, but retains important duties in relation to the public records. He also admits solicitors to practice.
Activity 3.
Express you agreement or disagreement with the statements in the text and dialogue above. Begin your arguments with the following expressions:
I fully agree with the previous speaker...
I can't agree with...
I disagree with...
In my opinion...
To my mind...
Activity 4.
Ask your partner to answer the following questions:
1. Why can't society do without law and lawyers?
2. How can law be defined?
3. Why are conflicts inevitable?
4. In what way can conflicts be resolved?
5. What task are we confronted with now?
6. What determines the essence and orientation of the activity of the State?
7. How can a law-based state be defined?
8. What branch of law are you interested in most of all?
9. What foreign languages do you study at the National University of Life And Enviromental Sciences of Ukraine?
10. Which languages are the official languages of the Council of Europe?
11. When did Ukraine gain independence?
12. When did Ukraine become a member-state of the Council of Europe?
Activity 5.
Translate the following questions into English and ask your partner to answer them:
1. Чому ви обрали професію юриста?
2. Коли ви вирішили стати юристом?
3. Коли ви вступили до Національного Аграрного університету?
4. Що ви знаєте про учбовий план юридичного факультету?
5. Які предмети вивчають студенти 1 курсу?
6. Коли ви будете вивчати кримінальне право та кримінальний процес?
7. Чому суспільство не може обійтися без права та правників?
8. Скільки іноземних мов ви вивчали у школі?
9. Якою іноземною мовою ваш друг може вільно говорити?
Activity 6.
Make up dialogues according to the model:
Dialogue 1.
- Do you speak French?
- No, I don't, but my sister does. She is very good at French. I think it is very important to know French as it is spoken in quite a lot of countries. Besides France it is spoken in Canada, Switzerland and... (Consult the table below). In addition, French is one of the two languages of the Council of Europe.
Dialogue 2.
- Do you speak German?
- Yes, but just a little bit. I'm afraid I'm not very fluent in German. But some of my friends are fluent German speakers.
- People in many countries speak German. As far as I know, German is spoken in... (Consult the table below).
Nations and Nationalities
Country |
Adjective |
Person |
Money |
Language(s) |
|
Albania |
Albanian |
Lek |
Albanian |
||
Australia |
Australian |
Austr. dollar |
English |
||
Austria |
Austrian |
Euro |
German |
||
Belgium |
Belgian |
Euro |
Flemish/ Dutch/ French, German |
||
Brazil |
Brazilian |
real |
|||
Bulgaria |
Bulgarian |
lev |
|||
Canada |
Canadian |
Canadian |
|||
Chile |
Chilean |
dollar Chilean peso |
|||
China |
Chinese |
yuan |
|||
Croatia |
Croatian |
Croat |
dinar |
||
Cyprus |
Cypriot |
Cyprus pound |
|||
Czech |
Czech |
koruna |
|||
Republic Denmark |
Danish |
Dane |
Danish krone |
||
Egypt |
Egyptian |
Egyptian |
|||
Finland |
Finnish |
Finn |
pound Marka |
||
France |
French |
French |
euro |
||
Georgia |
Georgian |
wo(man) |
lari |
||
Germany |
German |
euro |
|||
Hungary |
Hungarian |
forint |
|||
Iceland |
Icelandic |
Icelander |
krona |
||
India |
Indian |
Indian rupee |
|||
Iran |
Iranian |
Iranian rial |
|||
Iraq |
Iraqi |
Iraqi dinar |
|||
Ireland |
Irish |
Irish (wo)man |
Irish pound |
||
Israel |
Israeli |
Israeli shekel |
|||
Italy |
Italian |
euro |
|||
Japan |
Japanese |
yen |
|||
Latvia |
Latvian |
lat |
|||
Lithuania |
Lithuanian |
lit |
|||
Mexico |
Mexican |
Mexican peso |
|||
Mongolia |
Mongolian |
Mongol |
tugrik |
||
The |
Dutch |
Dutch |
euro |
||
Netherlands New Zealand |
New Zealand |
(wo)man New Zelander |
NZ dollar |
||
Norway |
Norwegian |
Norwegian |
|||
Poland |
Polish |
Pole |
krone zloty/euro |
||
Portugal |
Portuguese |
euro |
|||
Romania |
Romanian |
leu (pi lei) |
Romanian |
||
Russia |
Russian |
rouble |
Russian |
||
he Slovak |
Slovak crown |
Slovak |
|||
Republic |
|||||
Slovenia |
Slovene/ Slovenian |
tolar |
Slovene, Serbo- Croat |
||
Spain |
Spanish |
Spaniard |
euro |
Spanish |
|
Sweden |
Swedish |
Swede |
Swedish krona |
Swedish |
|
Switzerland |
Swiss |
euro |
German, French, Italian |
||
Turkey |
Turkish |
Turk |
Turkish lira |
Turkish |
|
Ukraine |
Ukrainian |
hryvnia |
Ukrainian |
||
The United |
British |
Briton |
pound sterling |
English |
|
Kingdom |
|||||
The United States |
American |
English |
|||
Vietnam |
Vietnamese |
Vietnamese |
|||
Yemen |
Yemeni |
Arabic |
Notes
For most countries, the adjective in column two is also used as a noun to refer to people from that country. You can use it to talk about a particular group of people: I was chatting to a couple of Australians on the train, or to all the people in general belonging to a country: Ukrainians gained their independence in 1991. Sometimes there is a special noun for people from a country (column three, person): `Have you ever met any Danes? ' `Yes, I shared a room with a Danish student once. '
Nouns ending in --ese, -ss or -ch do not change in the plural: Three Chinese and two Swiss came to the meeting. The Dutch are generous people. The English like to play football.
The United Kingdom is made up of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Great Britain is made up of England, Scotland and Wales, so that Scottish and Welsh people are also British, but not English.
Activity 7.
Express you agreement or disagreement with the statements below. Use one of the patterns:
Yes, you are quite right.
No, you are wrong.
I am afraid you are mistaken. He does not study...
UNIT TWO. NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF LIFE AND ENVIROMENTAL SCIENCES OF UKRAINE
National University of Life And Enviromental Sciences of Ukraine is a higher educational institution which trains specialists for all branches of agriculture and undertakes research. It enjoys a special status among the institutions of higher learning in Ukraine. It is number one Agrarian University in Ukraine and a major centre of advanced learning and progressive thinking. It ranks high among the universities of the world.
National University of Life And Enviromental Sciences of Ukraine dates back to the end of the 19lh century. The Agricultural Faculty at Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, founded in 1898, provided the foundation upon which Kyiv Agricultural Institute was built in 1923. In 1954 Agricultural and Forestry Institutes were united into the Ukrainian Agricultural Academy. In 1957 Kyiv Veterinary Institute joined the Ukrainian Agricultural Academy. In August 1992 on the basis of Ukrainian Agricultural Academy, Ukrainian State Agrarian University was established which gained the status of National University of Life And Enviromental Sciences of Ukraine in 1994.
Over 18 thousand students study at NULES and its regional higher educational institutions at such faculties as Agronomy, Agri-Chemistry and Soil Science, Plant Protection and Biotechnologies, Fruit and Vegetables Growing, Zooengineering, Water Bioresources and Aquiculture, Veterinary Medicine, Foodstuffs Quality and Safety, Faculty of Economics, Faculty of Law, Agrarian Management, Agriculture Mechanization, Agriculture Elect¬rification and Automation, Construction and Design, Forestry, Horticulture, Parks and Landscape Architecture, Land Management, Pedagogics, etc.
Some of the students study full-time, others study by correspondence, i.e. they combine work and studies at the University.
NULES trains Junior specialists, Bachelors, Specialists and Masters. The academic curricula of training Junior specialists, Bachelors, Specialists and Masters on the basis of secondary schools have been elaborated.
Over 1,100 lecturers and scholars including 38 Academicians of the Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences, 195 professors, doctors of science, 650 associate professors, candidates of sciences and 230 post-graduates work at the University.
The rector of the University is Dmytro Melnychuk, Doctor of Biology, Professor, Academician of the National Academy of Sciences and. the Ukrainian Academy of Agrarian Sciences, Honoured Worker of Science and Technology of Ukraine, Honorary Professor of Iowa University (USA), Berlin University (Germany) and Ghent University (Belgium).
Dmytro Mclnychuk is the President of Global Consortium of Higher I ducat ion and Research for Agriculture.
Faculty members, scholars and scientists of the National Agrarian I Iniversity have made worthy contribution to the development of science in I Ikrainc. Among NULES graduates one can find a considerable number of state und political figures such as deputies of Verkhovna Rada Ivan Plusch, Olcksandr Moroz, and Valeriy Samoplavsky, Chairman of the State Com¬mittee for Land Resources, Anatoliy Danylenko, director of the Institute of Agrarian Economy of Agri-Industrial Complex P.T. Sabliuk, president of the I Ikrainian Academy of Agrarian Sciences M.V. Zubetz and others. After Ukraine gained independence, the University was confronted with new objectives and requirements. It is striving to improve its system of (ruining specialists since its graduates are to work in various sectors of the political, social and economic system of independent Ukraine. University graduates are expected to be highly qualified, patriotic and aware of the tasks lacing the new Ukraine; they must be open to national ideals and feel responsible for what they are required to do; they are expected to be able to demonstrate a creative approach to solving urgent issues of today and tomorrow, and to think in terms of long-term and wide-ranging reforms. A lot of students are involved in research work; with students' research society and clubs functioning. NULES establishes and maintains creative relations with numerous foreign educational institutions.
The National University of Life And Enviromental Sciences of Ukraine is located in the southern part of Kyiv in one of the most beautiful places -- Holosiyivo park. Teaching personnel and students are provided with hostel accommodation. Around the campus there is a forest of about 2,500 acres with many picturesque lakes and recreation zones.
The doors of the NULES are open to anyone who is eager to devote himself or herself to enhancing the intellectual potential of Ukraine and to developing its science and economy.
Activity 1.
Memorise the following words and word combinations Use them in sentences of your own.
to undertake research |
займатися науково-дослідною роботою |
|
to enjoy a special status |
мати особливий статус |
|
to rank high |
високо цінувати (ся), мати високий статус |
|
progressive thinking |
прогресивне мислення |
|
Agri-Chemistry |
агрохімія |
|
Soil Science |
ґрунтознавство |
|
Plant Protection and Biotechnologies |
захист рослин та біотехнології |
|
Fruit and Vegetables Growing |
плодоовочівництво |
|
Water Bioresources and Aquiculture |
водні біоресурси та аквакультура |
|
Foodstuffs Quality and Safety |
якість та безпека продуктів |
|
Forestry |
лісове господарство |
|
1 lorticulture |
садівництво |
|
1 an scape Architecture |
ландшафтна архітектура |
|
1 and Management |
землевпорядкування |
|
I'ull-time students |
студенти стаціонарної форми навчання |
|
to study by correspondence |
вчитися заочно |
|
Bachelor of Law |
бакалавр права |
|
Master of Law |
магістр права |
|
to elaborate |
розробити |
|
Stale Committee for Land Resources |
Державний комітет по земельних ресурсах |
|
worthy contribution to the development of science |
гідний внесок у розвиток науки |
|
to gain independence |
здобути незалежність |
|
to improve the system of training specialists |
удосконалювати систему підготовки спеціалістів |
|
objective |
мета |
|
requirement |
вимога, потреба |
|
graduates |
випускники |
|
to be highly qualified |
бути висококваліфікованим |
|
to be aware of the tasks facing Ukraine |
усвідомлювати завдання, що постають перед Україною |
|
responsible lor |
відповідальний за |
|
creative approach to |
творчий підхід до |
|
indent issues of today |
нагальні проблеми сьогодення |
|
research work |
наукова праця |
|
.indents' research society |
студентське наукове товариство |
|
to establish |
встановлювати |
|
to maintain |
підтримувати |
|
hostel |
гуртожиток |
|
lo enhance the intellectual potential |
підвищувати інтелектуальний потенціал |
Activity 2.
Write an outline of your story about the University.
Activity 3.
Now write a summary of the text. Use the following key words:
train specialists, undertake research, enjoy a special status, rank high, make a worthy contribution, to be confronted with, highly qualified, open to national ideas, feel responsible for, demonstrate a creative approach, solve urgent issues of today and tomorrow, in terms of wide-ranging reforms.
Activity 4.
Translate the following questions into English and ask your partner to answer them:
1. Коли було засновано Аграрний університет?
2. Який статус має Аграрний університет?
3. Чи не могли б ви назвати імена видатних вчених -- викладачів університету?
4. Чи знаєте ви імена видатних діячів науки і політики - випускників Аграрного університету?
5. Скільки факультетів є в університеті?
6. Скільки студентів навчається в університеті?
7. Які нові завдання постали перед університетом?
8. Де знаходиться університет?
Activity 5.
Read the questions and ask your partner to answer them
1. Where do you study?
2. What will you be after graduation?
3. What year are you in?
4. 1 low many years does the course of studies last?
5. Are your studies free of charge?
6. Do you take many courses?
7. How many lectures and seminars do you have every day?
8. What special courses do you take?
9. When do your classes begin?
10. When are your lectures over?
11. Do you live at home or in the hostel?
Proverbs and quotations to be discussed:
1. A bird in the hand worth two in the bush.
2. A burden of one's own choice is not felt.
3. A burnt child dreads the fire.
4. A man who dares to waste one hour of life has not discovered the value of life. (Charles Darwin).
UNIT THREE. LAW FACULTY
Students of the University were taught fundamentals of law long before the L.aw Faculty was founded. At that time legal scholars worked within the framework of the Department of Economics.
In 1996 at the Faculty of Agrarian Management the Department of Apiarian Law was founded. In 2000 the department was renamed and became I ho Department of Jurisprudence chaired by the founder of agrarian law school in Ukraine, Doctor of Law, Academician of the Academy of Law Science of Ukraine Vasyl Yanchuk.
Radical changes in the agrarian sector economy in recent years, implementation of land reform in Ukraine set new landmarks in the approach in legal provision of these global social and economic processes. It was life itself that raised the issue of training highly qualified lawyers for legal provision of agrarian production as well as for the sphere of land resources.
Therefore on 28 August 2001 Law Faculty of the National University of Life And Enviromental Sciences of Ukraine was founded which became a structural unit of the Academic and Research Institute of Land Resources, Jurisprudence and Pedagogics. The dean of Law Faculty is Yara Olena, Candidate of Law.
The academic process at the faculty is directed at effective training and educating a professional lawyer who will be able to resolve issues of legal provision in various spheres of public activity focusing on agrarian, land and environmental law relations.
Successful implementation of the programme of training highly iiualified specialists has become possible due to the enthusiastic work of the faculty members.
There are four departments at the Faculty of Law: the Department of Theory of State and Law; the Department of Agrarian, Land and I nvironmental Law; the Department of Constitutional, Administrative and Financial Law; The department of Civil and Economic Law. They are staffed by prominent scholars of Ukraine, which include academician of the Law Academy of Ukraine and International Informatization Academy Vasyl Yanchuk, professor, doctor of Law Sciences Victor Shkarupa, corresponding member of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, professor, doctor of Law Siences Vitaliy Semchyk, academician of I ligher School of Ukraine and International Personnel Academy Vasyl Shamrai, Doctor of Medicine, academician of International Personnel Academy Anatoliy Samokhin, 17 associate professors and 13 assistant professors. During the last four years faculty scholars prepared and published more than 30 textbooks, manuals and study guides Si holms of the faculty play an active part in drafting laws and by-laws, and in summarizing judicial practice.
Law Faculty graduates work for state authorities, courts, prosecution offices, notary offices, law enforcement bodies, advocates' associations, banking institutions, prestigious law firms, international organizations, educational institutions, etc. Professors, students and graduates continue their professional development in law schools of foreign countries, take postgraduate courses, participate in scientific conferences, seminars and workshops in Russia, the USA, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Poland, the Netherlands, Hungary and other countries.
The faculty has a student body of 600.
Some of them are full-time students, others study by correspondence.
First-year students take a full course of the Theory of State and Law, they also study the judicial system of Ukraine as well as judicial systems of other countries. They take Latin and one of modem foreign languages: English, French, Spanish or German. The advanced level of foreign language studies is extremely beneficial for the student's future legal career, as lawyers with proper command of languages, legal terminology in particular, are in great demand nowadays. Our graduates who are fluent in foreign languages have been offered jobs in prestigious law firms, ministries and departments, some of them continue studies abroad working for Master's degrees.
Each year law students are to submit a year paper in one of the subjects they take a special liking to. When they are through with the Theory of State and Law, they are going to take a course of Roman Law. According to the curriculum they are to take Environmental Law and Criminal Procedure when they become third-year students. Labour Law and Land Law will be studied in two years.
Main Areas of Research of the Faculty
Property relations in the sphere of Agroindustrial Complex and settlement of disputes arising out of property relations in economic courts.
Land procedural relations in Ukraine
Administrative law relations in agriculture.
Legal status of agricultural specialists.
Legal principles of land sharing-out in Ukraine.
Other problem issues of law in the field of agriculture and land resources.
Law students also take an active part in research. Results of research are presented in monographs, brochures, articles in journals and reports at national and international scientific conferences.
Activity 1
Memorize the following words and word combinations:
implementation of land reform |
здійснення земельної реформи |
|
agrarian sector economy |
економіка аграрного сектору |
|
legal provision |
правове забезпечення |
|
highly qualified lawyers |
висококваліфіковані юристи |
|
land resources |
земельні ресурси |
|
Academic and Research Institute of 1 and Resources |
Навчально-науковий інститут земельних ресурсів |
|
Jurisprudence |
правознавство |
|
to resolve issues |
вирішувати проблеми |
|
Agrarian Law |
аграрне право |
|
1 and Law |
земельне право |
|
Invironmental Law |
екологічне право |
|
Constitutional Law |
конституційне право |
|
Administrative Law |
адміністративне право |
|
financial Law |
фінансове право |
|
to draft laws and by-laws |
складати проекти законів та нормативних актів |
|
to summarize judicial practice |
узагальнювати юридичну практику |
|
Court |
суд |
|
prosecution office |
прокуратура |
|
Notary |
нотаріус |
|
law enforcement bodies |
правоохоронні органи |
|
advocates' association |
спілка адвокатів |
|
post-graduate course |
аспірантура |
|
judicial system of Ukraine |
судоустрій України |
|
command of English |
володіння англійською мовою |
|
legal terminology |
правнича термінологія |
|
to be in great demand |
користуватись великим попитом |
|
according to the curriculum |
згідно з навчальним планом |
|
Criminal Procedure |
кримінальний процес |
|
Labour Law |
трудове право |
|
property relations |
майнові відносини |
|
economic courts |
господарські суди |
|
Land procedural relations |
земельно-процесуальні відносини |
|
Administrative law relations |
адміністративні правовідносини |
|
legal status |
правовий статус |
|
legal principles |
правові засади |
|
and sharing-out |
розпаювання земель |
Аctivity 2.
Answer the following questions
1. When was the Law Faculty founded?
2. How many departments are there at the Law Faculty now? Could you please name them?
3. How many students study at the Law Faculty?
4. What core subjects do first-year students take?
5. How many students are there in your group?
6. What modem foreign languages do you study?
7. Are you fluent in English?
8. What jobs are students with good command of foreign languages offered?
9. In what year do students study environmental law?
10. In what fields is research of Law Faculty undertaken?
Adivity 3.
Translate the following questions into English and ask your partner to answer it.
1. Коли було засновано юридичний факультет?
2. Скільки студентів навчається на юридичному факультеті?
3. Які предмети вивчають студенти юридичного факультету?
4. Яку роботу пропонують студентам, що вільно володіють іноземними мовами?
5. На якому курсі студенти вивчають земельне право?
6. В яких галузях проводиться науково-дослідницька робота на юридичному факультеті?
Activity 4.
A) Study the list of cure (mandatory) courses that are taken at leading law schools of Ukraine. After you have learned them, role play a conversation with foreign students using questions in Activities 2 and 3
FOR example: What core subjects do first (second/third) year students take?
Core (mandatory) courses |
основні (обов'язкові) курси |
|
History of State and Law of Ukraine |
історія держави і права України |
|
History of State and Law of Foreign Countries |
історія держави і права зарубіжних держав |
|
Logic |
логіка |
|
History of Political and Legal Doctrines |
історія політичних і правових вчень |
|
Constitutional Law of Ukraine |
конституційне право України |
|
Constitutional Law of Foreign Countries |
конституційне право зарубіжних держав |
|
Administration of Justice |
здійснення правосуддя |
|
Law Enforcement Bodies |
правоохоронні органи |
|
Philosophy |
філософія |
|
Civil Law |
цивільне право |
|
Civil Procedure |
цивільний процес |
|
Criminal Law |
кримінальне право |
|
Criminal Procedure |
кримінальний процес |
|
Procurators' Supervision |
прокурорський нагляд |
|
Corrective Labour Law |
виправно-трудове право |
|
Land Law |
земельне право |
|
Fundamentals of Economic Theory |
основи економічної теорії |
|
Economic Law |
господарське право |
|
Advocacy |
адвокатура |
|
Sociology |
соціологія |
|
Arbitration |
арбітраж |
|
Environmental Law |
екологічне право |
|
Family Law |
сімейне право |
|
Roman Law |
римське право |
|
Financial Law |
фінансове право |
|
International Law |
міжнародне право |
|
Labour Law |
трудове право |
|
Forensic Medicine |
судова медицина |
|
Forensic Psychiatry |
судова психіатрія |
|
Livate International Law |
міжнародне приватне прaво |
|
Social Welfare Law |
право соціального забезпечення |
|
Administrative Law |
адміністративне право |
|
Criminology |
кримінологія |
|
Legal Statistics |
правова статистика |
|
Criminalistics |
криміналістика |
B) Now study the list of optional (elective) courses at leading law schools of Ukraine. After you have learned them, role play a conversation with foreign students using questions in Activities 2 and 3.
For example: What optional courses are you going to take in the third nr? What courses are you interested most of all? What courses are you going to specialise?
Optional (elective) courses |
факультативні курси (курси за вибором) |
|
Peculiarities of Investigating Specific rimes |
особливості розслідування конкретних злочинів |
|
Interrogation |
проведення допиту |
|
Examination of the Scene of Crime |
огляд місця злочину |
|
Theory of Judicial Evidence |
теорія судових доказів |
|
Philosophy of Law |
філософія права |
|
Comperative Criminal Law |
порівняльне кримінальне право |
|
Agency in Civil Litigation |
представництво у цивільному судочинстві |
|
Execution of Court Rulings and Judgments |
виконання судових ухвал та рішень |
|
Procedural Documents in Civil Cases |
процесуальні документи у цивільних справах |
|
Procedural Documents in Criminal Cases |
процесуальні документи у кримінальних справах |
|
Administrative Responsibility |
адміністративна відповідальність |
|
Taxation of Natural Persons |
оподаткування фізичних осіб |
|
Taxation of Legal Entities |
оподаткування юридичних осіб |
|
Legal Status of Aliens |
правовий статус іноземців |
|
Theoretical Foundations for the Classification of Crimes |
теоретичні основи класифікації злочинів |
|
Imposition of Punishment and Exemption from Criminal Liability |
призначення покарання і звільнення від кримінальної відповідальності |
|
Crime Prevention |
запобігання злочинам |
|
Leqal Regulation of Foreign Economic Relations |
правове регулювання господарських відносин |
|
Theory of a Law-Governed State |
теорія правової держави |
|
Human Rights Protection |
захист прав людини |
|
Torts |
делікти |
|
Law of Intellectual Property |
право інтелектуальної власності |
|
Indicial Precedent in Criminal Procedure |
судовий прецедент у кримінальному процесі |
Activity 5.
Translate the sentences paying attention to the construction there is (there are):
1 There is no more independence in politics than there is in jail. (Will Rogers).
2 There is no genius in life like the genius of energy and industry. (Donald Mitchell).
3 There is no love sincerer than the love of food. (Bernard Shaw).
4 There are two tragedies in life. One is not get your heart's desire. The other is to get it. (Bernard Chaw).
5 There is no such thing as a little country. The greatness of a people is no
6 More determined by their number than the greatness of a man is determined by his height. (Victor Hugo).
7 There is no greater sign of a general decay of virtue in a nation, than a want of zeal in its inhabitants for the good of their country. (Joseph Addison).
8 There are more ways to the wood than one.
9 There is no rose without a thorn.
10 There is no rule without an exception.
11 Excuse me, is there a hotel near here?
12 Are there any letters for me today?
13 Do you think there will be a lot of people at the party on Sunday?
14 Tomorrow it will be cold. There will be some rain in the afternoon.
Proverbs and quotations to be discussed:
1. Laws catch flies, but let hornets go free.
2. Little thieves are hanged, but great ones escape.
3. Many words hurt more than swords.
4. Justice is the ligament which holds civilised beings and civilised nations together (Daniel Webster).
UNIT FOUR. LAW AND PEOPLE IN LEGAL PROFESSOIN
Law (plural laws) noun
1. binding or enforceable rule: a rule of conduct or procedure recognized by a community as binding or enforceable by authority
2. piece of legislation: an act passed by a legislature or similar body
3. legal system: the body or system of rules recognized by a community that are enforceable by established process * You are forbidden by law to enter the premises.
4. control or authority: the control or authority resulting from the observance and enforcement of a community's system of rules * Nobody is above the law.
5. branch of knowledge: the branch of knowledge or study concerned with the rules of a community and their enforcement * went to school to study law
6. area of law: the body of law relating to a particular subject or area
7. lawyers: the legal profession
8. legal action: legal action or proceedings
9. law enforcement agent or agency: a person or organization responsible for enforcing the law, especially the police
10. general rule or principle: a general rule or principle that is thought to be true or held to be binding
Lawyer
somebody qualified to practice law: somebody who is professionally qualified to give legal advice to others and represent them in court
Advocate
1. somebody giving support: somebody who supports or speaks in favour of
something
a tireless advocate of social reform
2. a helper: somebody who acts on behalf of another
3. a legal representative: somebody, for example, a lawyer, who pleads
another's case in a legal forum
Judge
- a senior official in a court of law: a high-ranking court officer, formerly a lawyer, who supervises court trials, instructs juries, and pronounces sentences
Prosecutor
- an initiator of legal proceedings: somebody who initiates a court prosecution
Notary public
- a certifier of legal documents: somebody who is legally authorized to certify the authenticity of signatures and documents. Also called notary
Clerk
- a lawyer who works for a judge: a lawyer, typically one just recently graduated from law school who is employed to perform research, prepare draft opinions, and perform other such tasks for a sitting judge.
Harrister
1. U.K. a lawyer in higher court: a lawyer who is qualified to represent clients in higher law courts in England and Wales
2. Canada, a lawyer in Canadian court: a lawyer who represents clients in any law court in Canada
Solicitor
1. a top legal officer: the chief officer for legal matters in a city, town, or county, or in a government department
2. somebody who solicits contributions: somebody who solicits, especially somebody who asks for financial contributions
3. U.K. a lawyer who gives legal advice, draws up legal documents, and does preparatory work for barristers. A solicitor who holds an advocacy qualification may also represent clients in court.
Attorney at Law (US)
a court lawyer: a lawyer qualified to appear in court to represent somebody who is a party to a legal action.
Attorney General- генеральний прокурор
BEING A LAWYER
After graduating from the Law Faculty of the National University of Life And Enviromental Sciences of Ukraine I am going to work as a lawyer.
From time immemorial, a lawyer has been an honorable and authoritative person. Society can't do without law and lawyers. They serve and protect the people, their rights and individual freedoms. They symbolise and nurture the maturing of democracy in our society. But democratic institutions are fragile flowers that must be guarded and tended for as democracy carries within it the seeds of its own destruction by giving freedom to citizens which some will abuse.
To become a lawyer is not an easy thing to do. Knowledge of law, however perfect, is not sufficient to make a lawyer. In addition to such knowledge, a lawyer must have a number of particular personal and intellectual qualities: stable nervous system, readiness to speak at all times, power of concentration, quickness of mind, a good memory, swift reaction plus a lot more. Self-command, a sense of responsibility and an ability to get on with people are among the features that make a good lawyer. Furthermore, a lawyer should have diplomatic skills. He should be able to acquire, analyze, and interpret information received from various sources, and to make complex decisions. This is an ability to “see the big picture”, to plan ahead. Moreover, it is extremely important for a lawyer to possess human relations skills that help to understand other people and to interact effectively.
The fundamental responsibility of a lawyer is proper understanding of the law and the ability to apply it fairly.
The main goal of a lawyer should never be striving for money or material benefits, which this profession can offer. This profession requires courage, a strong belief in the chosen course on the part of a lawyer. The profession of a lawyer is a noble and important one. This work is especially hard at present when there is much arbitrariness in many spheres of our life.
However at the same time it is also a Very responsible job because lawyers are supposed to deal with lives and souls of people, to render them assistance in complicated situations, to relieve the burden off people's shoulders and to help them resolve all the problems.
Activity I.
Memorize the following words and word combination
Binding |
зобов'язуючий |
|
Enforceable |
забезпечений правовою санкцією |
|
Mithority |
влада |
|
Enforcement |
здійснення (закону) |
|
Legislature |
законодавчий орган |
|
to plead |
виступати в суді |
|
court trial |
судовий процес |
|
Jury |
присяжні засідателі, склад присяжних |
|
Sentence |
судовий вирок |
|
Prosecution |
державне обвинувачення |
|
lo certify |
засвідчувати |
|
Immemorial |
з незапам'ятних часів |
|
Honorable |
почесний |
|
Authoritative |
авторитетний |
|
to nurture the maturing of democracy |
плекати формування демократії |
|
Sufficient |
достатній |
|
personal qualities |
особливі якості |
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