THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The Russian National flag of white, blue and red colours has originated since 1668. These are the most preferable traditional colours of the Russian nation symbolizing: white - the faith, the tsar and the motherland; blue - the sky, chastity, loyalty; red - courage, war, heroism, generosity, blood, fire, self-sacrifice

The Russian Federation is the largest country in the world. It occupies about one seventh of the earth's surface. It covers the eastern part of Europe and the northern part of Asia. Its total area is about 17 million square kilometres. The country is washed by 12 seas of 3 oceans: the Pacific, the Arctic and the Atlantic. In the south Russia borders on China, Mongolia, Korea, Kazakhstan, Georgia and Azerbaijan. In the west it borders on Norway, Finland, the Baltic States, Belarus and the Ukraine. It also has a sea-border with the USA.

There is hardly a country in the world where such a variety of scenery and vegetation can be found. We have steppes in the south, plains and forests in the midland, tundra and taiga in the north, highlands and deserts in the east.

There are two great plains in Russia: the Great Russian Plain and the West Siberian Lowland. There are several mountain chains on the territory of the country: the Urals, the Caucasus, the Altai and others. The largest mountain chain, the Urals, separates Europe from Asia.

There are over two million rivers in Russia. Europe's biggest river, the Volga, flows into the Caspian Sea. The main Siberian rivers (the Ob, the Yenisei and the Lena) flow from the south to the north. The Amur in the Far East flows into the Pacific Ocean.

Russia is rich in beautiful lakes. The world's deepest lake (1,600 metres) is Lake Baikal. It is much smaller than the Baltic Sea, but there is much more water in it than in the Baltic Sea.

The water in the lake is so clear that if you look down you can count the stones on the bottom.

Russia has one sixth of the world's forests. They are concentrated in the European north of the country, in Siberia and in the Far East.

On the vast territory of the country there are various types of climate. It varies from arctic in the north to subtropical in the south. In the middle of the country the climate is temperate and continental.

Russia is very rich in oil, coal, iron ore, natural gas, copper, nickel and other mineral resources.

Russia is a parliamentary republic. Under the Constitution, the federal government is divided into three branches, each chosen in a different manner, each able to chock and balance the others.

The Executive Branch is headed by the President who is chosen in nation-wide elections every four years. Besides, the Executive Branch is represented by the Cabinet of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister.

The Legislative Branch is made up of two chambers: the Duma and the Council of Federation. Both chambers must approve a bill for it to become law, but the President may veto it. If so, the bill is reconsidered by the two Chambers and if two-thirds of their members approve it, the bill becomes law even without the President's signature.

The Judicial Branch comprises Federal District Courts, the Constitutional Court and, at the top, the Supreme Court.

The capital of Russia is Moscow. It is its largest political, scientific, cultural and industrial centre. It is one of the oldest Russian cities.

At present, the political and economic situation in the country is rather complicated. There are a lot of problems in the national economy of the Russian Federation. The industrial production is decreasing. The prices are constantly rising, the rate of inflation is very high. People are losing their jobs because many factories and plants are going bankrupt.

But in spite of the problems Russia is facing at present, there are a lot of opportunities for this country to become one of the leading countries in the world. I'm sure that we, the younger generation, can do very much to make Russia as strong and powerful as it used to be.

NAMES

the Russian Federation [fFdq'reISqn] Российская Федерация

Europe ['juqrqp] Европа

Asia ['eISq] Азия

the Pacific Ocean [pq'sIfIk 'quSqn] Тихий океан

the Arctic Ocean ['RktIk 'quSqn] Северный Ледовитый океан

the Atlantic Ocean [qt'lxntIk 'quSqn] Атлантический океан

China ['CaInq] Китай

Mongolia [mON'gqulIq] Монголия

Korea [kq'rIq] Корея

Kazakhstan [kRzqk'stRn] Казахстан

Georgia ['GLGIq] Грузия

Azerbaijan [RzqbaI'GRn] Азербайджан

Norway ['nLweI] Норвегия

Finland ['fInlqnd] Финляндия

the Baltic States ['bLltIk] Прибалтийские государства

Belarus [belq'rus] Беларусь

the Ukraine [jH'kreIn] Украина

the Great Russian Plain Русская (Восточно-Европейская) равнина

the West Siberian lowland [saI'bIqrIqn] Западно-Сибирская низменность

the Urals ['juqrqlz] Уральские горы

the Caucasus ['kLkqsqs] Кавказ

the Altai [Al'taI] Алтай

the Volga ['vOlgq] Волга

the Caspian Sea ['kxspIqn] Каспийское Море

the Ob [Lpj] Обь

the Yenisei [jenI'seI] Енисей

the Amur [R'muq] Амур

Lake Baikal [baI'kRl] озеро Байкал

the Baltic sea ['bLltIk] Балтийское море

Siberia [saI'bI(q)rIq] Сибирь

the Far East ['fRr'Jst] Дальний Восток

EXERCISES:

I. Read the following words:

occupy mountain chamber variety temperate

surface territory council supreme continental

cover count law vegetation scientific

Europe various approve steppes iron ore

area climate signature economy resources

south arctic judicial tundra decrease

border subtropical court highland parliamentary

bankrupt desert executive opportunity legislative

II. Find the sentences in the text proving that:

1) Russia is extremely rich in forests. 2) It is the largest country in the world. 3) The nature in Russia is very rich. 4) Russia is a beautiful country. 5) Russia is a very diverse country. 6) Russia is an unstable state at present.

III.Complete the following sentences:

l) The Russian Federation occupies… 2) It covers… 3) The Russian Federation has a sea-border… 4) In the east we have… 5) In the midland… 6) We have such mountain chains as… 7) The Volga… 8) In the Far East… 9) There are many…in Russia. 10) … is the largest mountain chain which… 11) …is the world's deepest lake famous for… l2) The climate of the Russian Federation… 13) The government consists of… 14) … consists of two chambers. 15) …is represented by the President and… 16) The Judicial Branch… 17) The head of the state is… 18) Moscow is… 19) At present…

IV.Pronounce the following words in English and make up sentences with them:

a)1) пустыня, нагорье; 2) Урал, Кавказ; 3) Каспийское море; 4) Балтийское море; 5) умеренный; 6) полезные ископаемые; 7) налагать вето; 8) обанкротиться.

b)1) едва ли найдется; 2) не смотря на; 3) в этом случае; 4) сталкиваться, смотреть в лицо; 5) я уверен; 6) как бывало.

V.Paraphrase the sentences:

l) Russia covers the eastern part of Europe and the northern part of Asia. 2) In the south Russia borders on China, Mongolia, Korea, Kazakhstan, Georgia and Azerbaijan. 3) There are many beautiful lakes in Russia. 4) There isn't any other country in the world with such diverse vegetation. 5) The Judicial Branch comprises Federal District Courts, the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court. 6) The Executive Branch is headed by the President.

VI.Make up questions to the underlined words:

1)The main Siberian rivers the Ob, the Yenisei and the Lena flow from the south to the north.

2) Russia occupies about one seventh of the earth's surface.

3) The Russian Federation has a sea-border with the USA.

4) Each branch of the federal government can check and balance other branches.

5) In Siberia there are areas where winters are colder than at the North Pole.

6)In the Central Asian plains summers are sometimes hotter than on the equator [I'kweItq].

7) Large diamond deposits were discovered in Yakutia.

8)The lowest winter temperature in our country -70?С is registered in Yakutia.

VII.Fill in the crossword:

1) The river that flows into the Pacific Ocean. 2) The mountain chain that lies on the territory of Russia, Mongolia and China. 3) The river in the eastern Siberia on which Yakutsk stands. 4) The neighbouring country which capital is Ulan Bator [u'lRn'bRtL]. 5) The country that borders on Russia and is a constitutional Monarchy. 6) A former socialist republic. 7) The sea into which the Neva river flows. 8) A former large health-resort area. 9) The coniferous [kq'nIfqrqs] forest in the north of Russia. 10) The branch of the federal government responsible for making laws.

VIII. Answer the questions:

Where is the Russian Federation situated?

What oceans is our country washed by?

3)Can you name any seas, which Russia is washed by?

4)What is the total area of the country?

5)What countries does the Russian Federation border on in the west (in the east)?

6)What countries does our region border on?

7)What can you say about the relief in Russia?

8) How many great plains are there in Russia? What are they?

9) What plain is our region situated on?

10) What mountain chains are there on the territory of our country?

11) What sea does the Europe's biggest river flow into?

12) What is the world's deepest lake famous for?

13) What types of climate are there in Russia?

14) What climate is in your region?

15) What mineral resources is Russia rich in?

16) What minerals are there in your region?

17) What branches does the federal government comprise?

18) What do these branches consist of?

19) Why is it said that the political and economic situation in our country is rather complicated?

20) Do you personally believe that there are a lot of opportunities for Russia to become one of the leading countries in the world?

IX. Read the text about the climate in Russia and answer the questions after it:

About 80 per cent of Russia are in the temperate zone, 18 per cent in the Arctic and 2 per cent in subtropical.

The greater part of the country is not influenced by the warm winds of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. There are no mountains in the north to protect the country from the cold north winds. Vast masses of cold air from the Arctic flow over the land and lower the temperature in the northern and central regions of the European and Asian parts of the country. In most regions the climate is continental with hot, short summers and cold, long winters.

The tundra is a cold bare region; it occupies the extreme north of the country. The lowest average winter temperature in the tundra is around 30?C below zero (around 30?C - thirty degrees centigrade).

In the European part of the country the coldest months are January and February and the hottest months are July and August. There is often a lot of rain in autumn.

In St. Petersburg the climate is less continental, summers are colder and winters are warmer than in the central regions of the European part of the country.

Siberia has a more continental climate than the European part of Russia, winters are colder and longer, and summers are hotter and shorter.

The Black Sea coast has a subtropical climate. Winters are mild and summers are hot there.

1) What climatic zones are there in Russia?

2) Why do northern winds that blow from the Arctic Ocean influence the climate of Russia?

3) What is the climate like in most regions?

4) What part of the country does the tundra occupy?

5) What is the lowest average winter temperature in the tundra?

6) What are the coldest and the hottest months in the European part of the country?

7)Are summers in the European part of the country as hot as they are in Siberia?

8) What part of Russia has a subtropical climate?

X. Tell what you learned about the Russian Federation.

MOSCOW

Moscow is the capital of Russia, its political, economic, commercial and cultural centre. It was founded 8 centuries ago by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky. Historians have accepted the year of 1147 as the start of Moscow's history. Gradually the city became more and more powerful. In the 13^th century Moscow was the centre of the struggle of Russian lands for the liberation from the tartar yoke. In the 16^th century under Ivan the Terrible Moscow became the capital of the new united state. Though Peter the Great moved the capital to St. Petersburg in 1712, Moscow remained the heart of Russia. That is why it became the main target of Napoleon's attack. Three-quarters of the city were destroyed by fire during Napoleon's occupation, but by the mid-19^th century Moscow had been completely restored. After the October revolution Moscow became the capital again.

Now Moscow is one of the largest cities in Europe. Its total area is about nine hundred square kilometres (ancient Moscow occupied the territory of the present-day Kremlin). The population of the city is over 8 million.

Moscow is one of the most beautiful cities in the world. The heart of Moscow is Red Square. It has more historic associations than any other place in Moscow. The Kremlin and St. Basil's Cathedral (Vasily Blazheny) are masterpieces of ancient Russian architecture. The main Kremlin tower, the Spasskaya Tower, has become the symbol of the country. On the territory of the Kremlin you can see old cathedrals, the Bell Tower of Ivan the Great, the Palace of Congresses, the Tsar-Cannon and the Tsar-Bell, the biggest cannon and bell in the world.

St. Basil's Cathedral was built in the mid-16^th century in memory of the victory over Kazan. There is a legend that Ivan the Terrible blinded the architects Barma and Postnik, because he didn't want them to create another masterpiece.

There are a lot of beautiful palaces, old mansions, cathedrals, churches and monuments in Moscow. Now Moscow is being reconstructed and we all hope that in a few years the city will become even more beautiful.

There are more than 80 museums in Moscow. The largest museums are the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts and the State Tretyakov Gallery. Other unique museums in Moscow include the All-Russian Museum of Folk Arts, the Andrei Rublev Museum of Early Russian Art, Alexei Bakhrushin Theatre Museum, Mikhail Glinka Museum of Musical Culture and many others.

Moscow is famous for its theatres. The best-known of them is the Bolshoi Opera House. Drama theatres and studios are also very popular.

Moscow is a city of students. There are over 80 higher educational institutions in it, including several universities.

Moscow is the seat of the Russian Parliament (the Duma) and the centre of political life of the country.

NAMES

Ivan the Terrible [aIvn Dq'terIbl] Иван Грозный

Peter the Great [greIt] Петр Великий (Петр I)

St. Petersburg [sqnt 'pJtqzbWg] Санкт-Петербург

Napoleon [nq'pqulIqn] Наполеон

St. Basil's Cathedral [sqnt 'bxzIlz kqTJdrql] Собор Василия Блаженного

the Bell Tower of Ivan the Great Колокольня Ивана Великого

the Tsar-Cannon ['zR (tsR) 'kxnqn] Царь-пушка

the Tsar-Bell ['zR (tsR) 'bel] Царь-колокол

Barma [bq'mR] and Postnik ['pqustnIk] Барма и Постник

the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts Музей изобразительных искусств имени С.А.Пушкина

Kazan [kq'zxn] Казань

the State Tretyakov ['tretjqkOf] Gallery Третьяковская галерея

The All-Russia Museum of Folk [fquk] Arts Всероссийский музей декоративного, прикладного и народного искусства

the Andrei Rublev Museum of Early Russian Art Музей древнего русского искусства имени Андрея Рублева

Alexei Bakhrushin Theatre Museum Театральный музей имени Бахрушина

Mikhail Glinka [glINkq] Museum of Musical Culture Музей музыкальной культуры имени Глинки

the Bolshoi [bOl'SOI] Opera House Большой театр оперы и балета

EXERCISES:

I. Read the following words:

commercial association restore unique target

cultural masterpiece reconstruct united mansion

historian ancient tartar yoke blind accept

gradually architecture legend

II. Define whether the sentences below are true or false. Begin your answers with the following expressions:

That's right. Exactly so. Precisely so. I agree with it. I'm afraid that's not correct. Nothing of the kind. No, that's not right.

1) Moscow was founded in the 11^th century.

2) In the 13^th century Moscow was under the dominion of the tartar yoke.

3) Under Peter the Great Moscow became the capital of the new united state.

4) In the 16^th century the capital was moved to St. Petersburg.

5) Moscow was completely restored after the fire during the October revolution.

6) Ancient Moscow occupied the territory of the Kremlin.

7) The Spasskaya Tower is the symbol of Russia nowadays.

8) St. Basil's Cathedral was built in memory of the victory over Napoleon.

9) The largest museums of Moscow are the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts and the Andrei Rublev Museum of Early Russian Art.

III.Complete the sentences:

1) Moscow was founded by… …ago. 2) … is the start of Moscow's history. 3) In the 13^th century… 4) … Moscow became the capital of the new state. 5) Peter the Great… in 1712. 6) Three-quarters of Moscow was destroyed by… in… 7) …Moscow became the capital again. 8) The total area of the city is… 9) The heart of Moscow is … 10) On the territory of the Kremlin you can see… 11) St. Basil's Cathedral was built… 12) The largest museums are… 13) The best-known theatre is…

IV. Find English equivalents of the following words and make up sentences with them:

быть полностью восстановленным, стать целью, занимать территорию, исторические ассоциации, шедевр древней архитектуры, быть популярным, особняк, перестраиваться, в память о, символ страны

V.Use the Passive Voice constructions in the following sentences:

1)Peter the Great moved the capital to St. Petersburg in 1712.

2)Ivan the Terrible blinded the architects of St. Basil's Cathedral, because he didn't want them to create another masterpiece.

3) Prince Yuri Dolgoruky founded Moscow 8 centuries ago.

4) Historians accepted the year of 1147 as the start of Moscow's history.

VI. Put questions to the underlined words:

1)In ancient times the country was called Muscovia and the people - Muscovites (they are called so up till now).

2) Prince Yury Dolgoruky strengthened Moscow with wooden walls and ditch.

3)In the 10-11^th centuries there was a small Slav village in the place of the present Kremlin, where craftsmen lived and worked.

4) The Maly Theatre is one of the oldest theatres in Russia.

5)The State Tretyakov Gallery is named after great Russian connoisseur [kOnI'sW] Pavel Tretyakov who left his collection as a gift to the nation.

6) The Moscow Metro marked its 60^th anniversary in 1995.

7) The Bolshoi Theatre was opened in 1825.

8) Moscow University is situated on the picturesque hills and from there one can enjoy the most beautiful view of the whole city.

VII. Answer the questions:

t) When and by whom was Moscow founded?

2) What can you say about Moscow of the 13^th century?

3) When did it become the capital?

4) Why did Moscow become the main target of Napoleon's attack?

5) What was Moscow like in ancient times?

6) When was Moscow greatly destroyed?

7) Define the period of Russian history when Moscow was not the capital of the country.

8) What is the population of the present capital?

9) What is considered to be the heart of Moscow?

10) What sights of Moscow do you know? What are they famous for?

11) What sights have you personally seen? What do you know about them?

VIII.Read the following texts:

1.The Kremlin is now both a piece of living history and an ensemble of masterpieces of Russian architecture.

The first thing that meets the eye is the red-brick wall of the Kremlin, reinforced by 20 towers, five of which are also gates. The total length of the walls of the Moscow Kremlin equals to 2.25 kilometres with a thickness varying between 3.5 and 6.5 metres. The Kremlin's towers are unique in appearance. Built in 1485, the Tainitsky Tower is the oldest. The highest of them is the Trinity Tower, which is 80 metres tall.

Notes to the text:

red-brick [red'brIk] из красного кирпича

length [lFNT] длина

thickness ['TIknIs] толщина

unique [jH'nJk] уникальный

Trinity ['trInItI] троица

Tainitsky Tower ['tauq] Тайницкая башня

2.Moscow University is the oldest University in Russia. It was founded more then 230 years ago by the great Russian scientist Mikhail Lomonosov. The University produced a great number of brilliant scholars such as Zhukovsky, Stoletov, Sechenov, Timiryasev, Pavlov and Vernadsky. Classics of Russian literature: Lermontov, Griboyedov, Turgenev and Chekhov also studied at the University. The list of such great names is endless.

There are 16 departments, 275 chairs, 360 laboratories, several research Institutes, a computer centre, some observatories, a botanical garden and its branches and three museums. There are about 2000 foreign students end post-graduates from more than one hundred countries in the University. The teaching standards in Moscow University are very high and internationally recognized.

Notes to the text

scholars ['skOlqz] ученые

list [lIst] перечень

post-graduates ['pqust 'grxdjuIts] аспиранты

3.The biggest library in Russia is the Russian State Library (former Lenin State Library (1925-1992)). Its history begins in 1862 when it was founded as the Rumyantsev Public Library. Every day more than 7000 people come to study in its reading rooms, using materials from its collection of 38 million books and periodicals. The Russian State Library is one of the largest in the world among such world famous ones as the Library of Congress in the USA, France's Bibliothиque Nationale and the British Library.

IX. Answer the questions. Use exercise VIII.

1) What does the Kremlin look like nowadays?

2) What are the total length and the thickness of its walls?

3) What is the highest tower of the Kremlin?

4) Who founded Moscow University and when?

5) What well-known people studied there?

6) When was the biggest library in Russia founded?

7) How many books and periodicals are kept in the Russian State Library?

X. Tell everything you learned from the text about the capital of Russia.

XI. Read the text about one of the largest and most beautiful Russian cities and answer the questions after the text.

ST. PETERSBURG

St. Petersburg is the second largest city in Russia and one of the most beautiful cities in the world. It was founded in 1703 by Peter the Great as the “Window on the West”. Thousands of workmen were brought from all parts of Russia to build a new city on the swampy land at the mouth of the Neva River. Peter the Great was in a hurry. The work was fast and hard, and workmen dropped dead by the hundreds. But the work went on.

In 1917 St. Petersburg, a city of great beauty, with palaces, cathedrals, churches, government buildings became the capital. Under later rulers the new capital of the Russian Empire grew rapidly in wealth and beauty. Architects were brought from western Europe to lay out the city in harmonious squares. Buildings were constructed of grey and rose-coloured granite. The Hermitage Palace and the Winter Palace, the homes of the tsars, were equal to any in Europe.

When the First World War began in 1914, the German-sounding name, St. Petersburg, was changed to Petrograd. After the October Revolution the city was renamed after Lenin.

During the Great Patriotic War the city suffered a great deal. The German armies laid siege to it in 1941, and for the next year and a half it was cut off from the rest of the country. No food could be brought in, and people died of starvation. Daily shelling and air raids destroyed parts of the city. Thousands of people were killed. Rebuilding took years.

Now St. Petersburg is an important industrial and educational centre. The population of the city is over 5 million.

St. Petersburg is indeed a wonderful city: at every turn there is something to catch your eye. The Winter Palace, the Hermitage, the Russian Museum, St. Isaac's Cathedral, the Peter-and-Paul Fortress, the Admiralty building attract thousands of tourists from every corner of the world.

Petersburg's many museums house some of the world's most famous art collections. The Hermitage, for example, contains the richest collection of pictures in the world.

The city is called the Northern Venice because there are 65 rivers, arms and canals there with artistically decorated bridges. It's also famous for its beautiful white nights.

NAMES

St. Petersburg [sqnt'pJtqzbWg] Санкт-Петербург

Peter the Great [greIt] Петр Великий (Петр I)

the Neva River ['neIvq] река Нева

the Hermitage ['hWmItIG] Эрмитаж

the Winter Palace [wIntq'pxlIs] Зимний дворец

Petrograd ['petrqgrxd] Петроград

the Russian Museum Русский музей

St. Isaac's Cathedral [sqnt'aIzqkskq'TJdrql] Исаакиевский собор

the Peter-and-Paul Fortress ['pJtqrqn'pLl'fLtrIs] Петропавловская крепость

the Admiralty ['xdmqrqltI] Адмиралтейство

VOCABULARY

swampy ['swOmpI] болотистый

mouth [mauT] устье реки

to drop dead ['drOp 'dFd] упасть замертво

ruler ['rHlq'] правитель

empire ['FmpaIq'] империя

rapidly ['rxpIdlI] быстро

to lay out [leI aut] планировать

harmonious [hR'mqunIqs] гармоничный

granite ['grxnIt] гранит

equal ['Jkwl] равный, не уступающий

to rename [rJ'neIm] переименовывать

to suffer [sAfq'] страдать

to lay siege to [leI 'sJG] осадить

starvation [stR'veISqn] голод

shelling ['SFliN] бомбежки

air raid ['FqreId] воздушный налет

to destroy [dIs'trOI] разрушать

to attract [q'trxkt] привлекать, притягивать

arm [Rm] рукав реки

canal [kq'nxl] канал

artistically [R'tIstIkqlI] мастерски

to decorate ['dFkqreIt] украшать

bridge [brIdZ] мост

1) When was St. Petersburg founded?

2) Who founded the city and why?

3) Where is it situated?

4) When did St. Petersburg become the capital of Russia?

5) When did the especially rapid development of the city take place?

6) How did the name of the second Russian capital change and why?

7) How did the Great Patriotic War influence the city and its population?

8) What is the population of St. Petersburg nowadays?

9) What sights of the city do you know? What are they famous for?

10) What places of interest have you visited in St. Petersburg?

Reviewing the material on the topics: "English-speaking countries” "Cities" (London, Washington, Moscow) "The Russian Federation"

I.Answer the following question:

1) What part of London is the richest one?

2) What district is inhabited by the poor?

3) What river flows through London?

4) What places of interest are there in London?

5) What is the capital of the United States?

6) What are the most famous things in Washington?

7) Where is the president's residence?

8) Who was the first president of the USA?

9) When was the capital of Russia founded?

10) What is the largest and the most famous educational establishment in Moscow?

11) What is the biggest library in Moscow?

12) What is the biggest library in the USA?

II.Fill in the missing words:

1) … is the financial and business centre in London.

2) … are buried in Westminster Abbey.

3) …, the capital of the USA, is situated in the District of…

4) … was the author of…, which gave freedom to the Negro slaves in America.

5) … is the place out of which the USA grew.

6) … impress the visitors in the capital of Russia.

7) The legislative power in the USA is represented by…

8) The legislative power in Great Britain is headed by…

9) The legislative power in the Russian Federation is made up of…

10) … is situated in the very centre of London.

11) … is situated in the very centre of Washington.

12) Ancient Moscow occupied the territory of…

13) … inhabited the continent of North America originally.

14) … inhabited Great Britain originally.

15) One of the most beautiful likes in Great Britain is…

16) The world's deepest lake is…

17) Large deposits of mineral resources are concentrated by the Lake… in the USA.

18) The head of the state in Russia (the USA, Great Britain) is …

19) … is the biggest river in Russia.

20) … is the longest river in Great Britain.

21) What type of state system has Great Britain (Russia, the USA)?

22) Russia is washed by…

23) Great Britain is separated from the continent by…

24) The USA is washed by … oceans.

25) The most densely populated cities in the USA are…

26) The main industrial centres of Great Britain are…

27) The seat of the British Parliament is…

28) The seat of American government is…