Cinema
The first people who showed the first movies to a paying public were the Lumiere Btothers of France. The Russian film industry was now going its own way. New era in films - the “talkies”. The possibilities of the cinema were considered to be unlimited.
| Рубрика | Иностранные языки и языкознание |
| Вид | топик |
| Язык | английский |
| Дата добавления | 12.02.2009 |
| Размер файла | 12,1 K |
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Cinema
Cinema is much younger than theatre. It was born at the end of the 19th century. The first people who showed the first movies to a paying public were the Lumiere Btothers of France. They did this on the 20th February 1896 at the Grand Cafe, Boulevard des Capucines, Paris. This was the first cinema show and it was quickly followed by many others in all parts of the world. All the 1996 we celebrated the hundredth anniversary of cinematography.
Since then a new era has begun - the era of cinematography. It rapidly spread all over the world and very soon turned into one of the most popular arts and entertainments. The twentieth century may rightfully be called the century of cinematography.
The first films showed moving people and transport or newsreels of processions and wars, and short comedies. In 1901 France was the first country to produce a dramatic film, The Story of a Crime, which was followed by The Great Train Robbery in the United States in 1903.
At first, films were shown anywhere: in music halls, clubs and shops. By 1908, special film theatres were being built to give regular programmes. At this time cinema rapidly developed in both the New and the Old World. Charlie Chaplin made his first film, Making a living, in 1914 in the USA. At that time the world was crazy about Charlie, that was created by Charlie Spencer Chaplin. His Charlie, small and clumsy yet kind-hearted, generous and brave, has attracted the hearts of simple people in different countries. Sometimes they would stand in long queues to see a film with their favourite actor. The first films in the West were mainly melodramas or comedies.
The Russian film industry was now going its own way. It produced such great films as Protazanov's The Queen of Spades (1916) and Father Sergius (1918). Both films starred Ivan Mosjoukin, the famous actor. A little later Russia's great achievement in cinema was connected with its directors such as Eisenstein (The battleship “Potemkin”), Pudovkin (Mother), Kuleshov (By the law), Dovzhenko (Earth), and others.
Then, in 1927, Warner Brothers in Hollywood made the first film in which an actor sang and spoke. The film was called Jazz Singer. It opened a new era in films - the era of the “talkies”. The film mostly told its story with titles, but it had three songs and a short dialogue. There were long lines of people in front of the Warner Theatre in New York. The silent film was dead within a year. The first one hundred percent sound film. Lights of New York, appeared in 1928. The first colour films were made in the 1930s, but the black-and-white films are made even today.
Not long ago, the possibilities of the cinema were considered to be unlimited. No theatre could ever hope for such a great audience and such a broad variety of technical means in dealing with artistic problems. Nowadays, with the introduction of home video-cassette recorders, the situation has changed. The cinema is steadily losing its former positions, and the cinema attendance is rapidly declining. But since 1984, many multiplexes and cinema complexes have been built, which has encouraged more people to go to the cinema.
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