Спорт в Великобритании и США

I.Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на различные значения модального глагола can (could) и его эквивалента to be able to:

1. I can speak and write English.

2. We can't lift this heavy box.

3. Mike could ski and skate well before he was 10.

4. The team is well-prepared. They will be able to take part in the coming championship.

John had hurt his leg and wasn't able to walk.

Can it be John?- It can't be John. He is at the University now.

Andrew is in top physical form, he can win the race.

What shall we do this evening? - We could go to the football match.

Can I join your sports club? - Yes, of course you can.

Can I use your skis? - No, I'm afraid, you can't

II. Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной форме. Ответьте на поставленные вопросы по модели:

Модель: Ann can play tennis very well /basketball.

Can she really play tennis very well?

No, she can't play tennis very well.

She can play basketball very well.

Peter can swim very well /run.

Our students can play golf and cricket /football and volleyball.

Marry can participate in the swimming race /skiing race.

My grandpa could speak five languages /only English and French.

He can run 100 metres in 11 seconds /12 seconds.

I can drive home in half an hour /an hour.

Helen could play tennis very well at the age of 10 /12.

III. Соедините части предложения, подходящие по смыслу. Переведите предложения:

1. Richard is very athletic 01. you could get a better job.

2. These exercises are rather difficult 02. I was able to beat my brother yesterday.

3. When I was younger 03. he could not throw or kick the ball properly.

4. If you work quickly 04. No, thank you. I can manage.

5. I'm no good at tennis, but 05. he can win the swimming race.

6. Helen has performed well this 06.we won't be able to do them quickly. season.

7. In childhood he was bad at sports 07.I could run much faster.

8. If you learn English 08.you will be able to finish on time.

9. Can I help you? 09. he can play golf and cricket very well.

10. Bob has trained much 010.she could win the World Cup.

IV. Заполните пропуски в предложениях подходящими по смыслу глаголами can (could),to be able( to) в соответствующей форме. Переведите предложения:

In Great Britain only rich people….afford (позволить себе) to play golf.

Ann….take part in the competition because of her injured knee (из-за травмы колена)

I had some free time yesterday so I …. go skiing.

Physical exercises…. make your life more active.

Jack was an excellent tennis player. He….beat anybody.

When Bob was 16 he was a fast runner, he … run 100 metres in 11 seconds.

I doubt (сомневаюсь) that he…. play football again, his injuries are so severe.

Anybody who wants to play basketball properly….join the sports club.

When she was the manager of the company she … take holidays twice a year.

Cricket games are very long, some of them…. last for several days.

May

V. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на различные значения модального глагола may( might) и его эквивалента to be allowed to:

May I use your car ? - I am afraid you may not.

May I come in? - Certainly, please, do.

May I participate in the school skiing race?-

I am afraid you won't be allowed because of your injury.

If you want to play tennis you may join a tennis club or hire a public court.

Where is Bob? - He may be at the training session.

Be careful. It is very icy. You may slip.

What are you doing this weekend? - I haven't decided yet. - We might go to the fitness club.

Alex missed his training practice for the first time. - He might be ill.

VI. Напишите предложения, выражающие вежливую просьбу с модальным глаголом mаy. Прореагируйте на просьбу кратким положительным или отрицательным ответом:

Модель: (smoke here)

May I smoke here?

Yes, you may (Please, do)

Sorry, you may not.

No, you mustn't.

1. I'm sorry. I'm late (come in)

( go home) I feel bad

(train in the gym)

(miss tomorrow's training practice.)

Mike, (borrow your skis)..

Ann, (take your tennis racket).

I've got some interesting information (speak to the coach).

(play football) with your team next Sunday.

(join your sports club).

(ask) you a few questions now. I'm sorry, I missed part of your lecture.

VII. Напишите следующие предложения в простом настоящем или будущем времени, используя эквивалент модального глагола may- to be allowed to :

Moдель: She may stay with us for the week-end.

She was allowed to stay with us for the week-end.

She will be allowed to stay with us for the week-end.

You may practise in the gym any time you like.

Athletes may not miss training practices.

Students may use the University sports facilities free of charge.

Students of higher educational establishments may attend physical training lessons or may join sports clubs.

Children may not play in the streets.

People may hire public courts to play tennis.

Tourists may not take photos in the cathedral

Any student may take an exam or make a report on the subject.

Must, need

VIII. Переведите диалог, содержащий модальные глаголы. Обратите внимание на различия в значении глаголов mustn'” и needn't:

Bob: We are going to attend a ski-jumping competition in Raubichi. It begins at 12. Will you come?

Tom: I'd like to come, but I have an appointment at 10. Must I come at 12 sharp?

Bob: No, you needn't come at 12, but you mustn't be too late or you may miss

the best jumps.

IX. Соедините части предложения, подходящие по смыслу. Переведите предложения:

AB

1. Ann must work hard01. to be admitted to the University.

2. You mustn't drink alcohol02. to ensure physical education.

3. Our students needn't pay03. No, you needn't.

4. Our applicants must pass sports04. to pass her exam successfully.

proficiency tests successfully

5. All schools must have playing05. to demonstrate excellent performance

fields, gyms and sports grounds

6. Must we attend training practices06. to be in good physical condition.

every day?

7. Athletes must follow their07. when you drive.

coaches' instructions

8. You needn't overeat08. to use a library and sports facilities.

X. Заполните пропуски в предложениях подходящими по смыслу глаголами: must, mustn't или needn't:

You…..play football in the street.

You…. train hard to be a success in sport.

All men aged between 18 and 40 in Belarus… take up military and physical training.

You… train much before the competition. You'd better have a rest.

Athletes …attend their training sessions regularly to be in good physical condition.

The students of the University…keep off smoking to become top-class athletes.

They… do all the exercises, it will be enough if they do four of them.

You… sit there in your wet clothes, you'll catch cold if you do.

You… eat healthy food to keep fit.

If you want to achieve success and be the best in your sport event you… study your opponents.

To have (to), to be (to)

XI. Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол to have to в соответствующей форме. Переведите предложения:

1. Remember! When you play cricket you ( have to)wear a white shirt and white trousers, boots are also white.

2. Athletes ( not, have to ) speak English and French to participate in the Olympic Games.

3. Mary has seriously injured her leg. She (have to).see the doctor.

4. We (have to)climb the stairs as there was no lift in the building.

5. Ann has fallen ill. Who (have to) take part in the meeting instead of her?

6. Mike (have to) be on a diet to lose some weight before the competition.

7. How many of your team-mates (have to) miss the next game?

8. I (have to) train hard next season as I want to qualify for the Master of Sport category.

9. You (have to) attend training practices twice a day last month? -Yes, I was getting ready for a very important race.

10. I have recently bought a car and I (not, have to ) walk to the stadium now.

XII. Заполните пропуски в предложениях подходящими по смыслу глаголам to have to или to be to. Переведите предложения:

1. According to the calendar the Cup Final …. be held in London.

2. Why … I always….to buy souvenirs for the opponent team?

3. When the captain was injured Mike ….to lead the team.

4. I….to lose some weight, the doctor says so.

5. The game …to begin at 10:00.

6. You…. to go to the football match if you don't want to but it might be interesting.

7. The IOC … to meet in two months.

8. Weight-lifters… to weigh before every competition.

9. I couldn't practise any more. It was getting late and I… to go.

10. Cricket players….to wear white shirts, trousers and boots.

XIII. Переведите предложения, содержащие модальные глаголы should и ought :

1.It's late. You should go to bed.

2. You shouldn't use the car so much.

3. I feel I ought to treat my group-mates in a different way.

4. You should go on a diet, you are putting on weight.

5. The athletes ought to have a rest before the race.

6. You are losing your physical condition, you should exercise daily.

7.You oughtn't to swim in the sea when the water is cold.

Experienced athletes ought to help the young.

Peter loses too many matches. He should follow his coach's instructions.

Students ought to work harder before the exams.

XIV. Заполните пропуски в предложениях подходящими по смыслу модальными глаголами или их эквивалентами. Переведите предложения:

If you want to be a physical training teacher or a coach you… enter the University of Physical Culture.

Nick … qualify for the first ranking at the last competition.

The students … use the University sports facilities for training and recreation.

Young athletes … train hard to achieve high performance.

Tom is in top physical form. He… beat his opponent.

This girl looks familiar to me. She… be a world champion in freestyle.

At present disabled people …take part in different competitions.

Schoolchildren … take up team sports as they help them develop properly.

Athletes… follow their daily training routine.

… the athletes follow all coaches' instructions? - No, they … if they are experienced athletes.

People…. feel healthy if they don't give up bad habits.

If you want to make a sports career you… devote your life to sport.

XVI. Сравните размер и качество предметов, понятий, явлений. Переведите предложения:

Модельl: Mike and David /tall.

Mike is taller than David.

Yours and your friend's training practice /short.

The Wembley stadium and the Dynamo stadium / large.

Sports life of Belarusian people before and after the war/ active.

Football and golf in Belarus /popular.

Russian and English /difficult.

Sports centres “Raubichi” and “Staiki” /modern.

English and Italian football fans /noisy.

XVII. Не согласитесь со следующими утверждениями. Переведите предложения:

Модель: The Indian Ocean is the coldest in the world/ warm.

No, it's the warmest in the world.

Our team's performance was the worst /good.

Jack is the weakest of my friends / strong.

Football is the least popular of all ball games/ much.

Ronald is the slowest forward in the team /fast.

The Wembley Stadium is the smallest in the world/ large.

Nick is the youngest in our team /old.

XVIII. Переведите предложения, обращая внимaние на сравнительные конструкции:

1. He runs as fast as I do.

2. Walking is as good for health as jogging.

3. Rugby is not so popular as football in Belarus.

4. Bodybuilding is not so beneficial for health as skiing.

5. Jack is more athletic than Bob.

6. The more you train the better performance you show.

7. Golf is not so popular throughout the world as tennis.

8. Hockey is as popular with Belarusian teenagers as football.

9. This method of training is more effective than that one.

10. The more you read English the better your reading skills are.

READING

Прочитайте и переведите текст и диалог, обращая внимание на комментарии к ним

Popular English Sports and Games

England is a sports-loving nation and when they are neither playing nor watching ¹

games they like to talk about them and to discuss the major sporting competitions as the greatest events of the day.

If you ask the British to name their most favourite sports they may name football, cricket and tennis, though many of them go in for golf and hockey, athletics and climbing, rugby and rowing. Horse-racing, dog-racing and motor racing are also among the most popular sports in Great Britain.

Britain invented and developed many of the sports and games which are now played all over the world. Association football, or “soccer', is one of them. As an organized game it appeared in the middle of the 19 th century, but in fact the game is much older. Probably Roman soldiers brought it to England 2000 years ago. Most British cities and towns have a football team. Every year each team plays in the Football Association Сompetitions ². The two best teams play in the Cup Final ³ at the Wembley Stadium near London which holds 100.000 spectators. Some fans pay up to 250 for a ticket for the Cup Final. It is one of the biggest sporting events of the year.

Another popular game appeared in 1859, when a teacher at Rugby school, while playing

football, decided that it would be better to pick up the ball ⁴ and run with it. That is why the game took the name of rugby or “rugger”. The rules of the game are different from football. There are 15 or 13 players instead of 11 in a team. The ball is oval, not round and a player is allowed to take the ball in his hands and run with it. He may also attack his opponent, hold him by the shoulders or by the legs. Rugby is a violent game and it is highly popular in many regions of the country especially in Wales.

Cricket is England's national summer game. It appeared in the 18 th century. There are two teams of eleven players: one man (the“bowler” ⁵) throws the ball and the “batsman” ⁶ hits it with his bat. Cricket is a very long game. The most important matches can last from one to five days..

Golf is another kind of sports that is truly British. The game is played by striking a ball with a special golf club round a golf course with 18 holes. The golf player should push the ball into a hole in the ground with as few strokes as possible ^7. You need a special field for this game, so golf is rather expensive. Now it is played mostly in private clubs and is the sport of the rich.

Lawn tennis was also born in England at the end of the 19th century. The game soon spread all over the world. Every summer, in June, the biggest international tennis tournament takes place at Wimbledon near London.

Some people say that horse-racing is the king of sports in Great Britain and others call it the sport of the kings. Only rich people can afford to ⁸go in for this kind of sport and only the rich can afford to buy tickets for the most famous races.

Swimming is also very popular. The British think that swimming is one of the most beneficial sports. Millions of people enjoy swimming both as a recreational activity and as a competitive sport.

Rowing is the most popular of all kinds of sports at the oldest English Universities. The University Boat Race ⁹is a traditional sporting competition between Oxford and Cambridge which is held on the Thames every spring.

The British are very sporting people. About 50 per cent of the population of the United Kingdom ( some 29 mln adults and 7 mln children) participate in some sports or recreational activity. Among the most popular sporting activities also are: walking, hiking, snooker and billiards, darts, athletics, squash and cycling.

Mr.Brown: Well, that was certainly a good game. The best we've seen this winter.

David: Yes, better than last week. Easthampton have a good team, but the Bishopton players won because they are faster. Who are Bishopton playing next week?

B: Cardiff City, I think.

D: Do you think, they'll win?

B: Most likely they will. In Wales rugger is more important than soccer, but Cardiff have a good team this year.

D: Which team will win the Cup?

B: Blackpool have a good chance, but I'm sure Manchester have a better.

D: What about Bolton?

B: It goes without saying they have the best chance of all.

D: Why do you think so?

B: Because they have a very fast team and some of their players are very clever with the ball.

They can think as well as run and that's the most important thing in football.

D: Can you get tickets for the Cup this year?

B: I can't say for sure but I know the secretary of the Bishopton Football Club.

I believe, he'll get me two tickets.

D: Can you get three? My father wants to go.

B: I think, I'll try. But it's harder every year to get tickets, because so many people want to go.

And they'll be more expensive this year.

COMMENTARY

¹ neither playing nor watching…- ни играют, ни смотрят …Отрицательный союз neither… nor… соединяет однородные члены предложения, выступающие в любой функции в предложении, в данном случае в функции сказуемого.

² Football Association Competitions - соревнования, проводимые футбольной ассоциацией Англии

³. the Cup Final - финальная игра на кубок

⁴that it would be better to pick up the ball…-было бы лучше подхватить мяч…

⁵ “bowler” - подающий (бросающий) мяч

⁶ “batsman” - игрок с битой, отбивающий мяч

⁷The golf player should push the ball into a hole in the ground with as few strokes as possible.-

Игрок в гольф должен послать мяч в лунку на поле, сделав при этом как можно меньше ударов.

^9…can afford to … - …могут позволить себе...

¹⁰ Boat Race - соревнования по греблe

PRACTISECOMPREHENSION, VOCABULARY AND SPEECH EXERCISES

I a. Укажите, в каком абзаце текста вы найдете ответы на следующие вопросы:

1. What is sport number one in Great Britain?

2. What game originated from football and now differs greatly from it?

3. What game is for gentlemen in Great Britain?

4. Why is England a sports-loving nation?

b. Задайте еще вопросы, на которые вы бы хотели получить ответы.

II a. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний:

страна, любящая спорт, самое важное спортивное состязание, во всем мире, на самом деле, две лучшие команды. вмещать, еще одна популярная игра, отличаться от…, вместо; игроку разрешается, удерживать противника за плечи или за ноги, бросать мяч, главным образом, распространиться по всему миру, король спорта, спорт королей, вступить в теннисный клуб, быть похожим на, позволить себе, купить билеты на самые знаменитые скачки, самый полезный вид спорта, наслаждаться плаванием как видом активного отдыха, в старейших английских университетах, которое проходит на реке Темзе, состязание по гребле, около 29 миллионов взрослых людей.

b. Укажите, какие из них могут быть использованы как ключевые слова для пересказа текста.

III. Заполните таблицу. Отметьте виды спорта популярные в Великобритании и Республике Беларусь:

SPORTSGREAT BRITAINBELARUS

Football

Rugby

Cricket

Golf

Tennis

Athletics

Gymnastics

Swimming

Rowing

Ice-hockey

Horse-racing

Dog-racing

Snooker

IV. Найдите в тексте и письменно переведите словосочетания с прилагательными в превосходной степени.

V. Из предложенных слов выберите нужные по смыслу :

1. Britain… and developed a lot of sports and games played all over the world now.

2.Only rich people can afford to go in for….

3.No matter how great the popularity of horse-racing is … beats it.

4.Rugby is a … game and it is highly popular in Wales.

5….is a typically British sport, it's played by two teams of eleven players.

6.You need a special field for that game, so …is rather expensive and is played in private clubs.

7.Tennis was born in England at the end of the 19^th century and originally the game

was played on….

8.Many children in Britain learn to swim at school and … as a pastime is enjoyed by millions of people.

9.The rules of rugger are different from soccer and there are 15 players instead of 11 in a …

10…is the most popular of all kinds of sports at the oldest English Universities Oxford and Cambridge.

VI. Раскройте скобки, поставив глаголы в нужную временную форму. Используйте предложения для краткого пересказа текста:

1. The British (to be) a sports-loving nation.

2. Their most favourite sports (to be) football, cricket and tennis, but many of them (to ) go in for golf, hockey, athletics and climbing rugby and rowing.

3. Britain (to invent) and (to develop) many of the sports and games which (to be) now popular all over the world.

4. Soccer (to be) one of them. It (to appear) in the middle of the 19^th century.

5. The Cup Final (to be) one of the most important football matches of the year in England, it (to be) always played at the Wembley Stadium, which (to hold) 100.000 spectators.

6. Another popular game, rugby, (to appear) in 1859; it (to originate) from football, but the rules (to be) different. There (to be) 15 or 13 players in a team and the ball (to be) oval.

7. Cricket (to be) England's national summer game. It (to be ) played with a ball and a bat by two teams of 11 players.

8. Golf (to be ) a truly British Sport. It (to be) played with clubs and light balls. Golf (to be) rather expensive. Rich people (to play) it in private clubs.

9. Lawn tennis also (to be born) in England at the end of the 19^th century. Soon the game (to spread) all over the world.

10. Swimming and rowing (to be) also very popular. The University Boat Race (to be) a traditional sporting competition between Oxford and Cambridge which (to be held) on the Thames every spring.

11. About 50 per cent of the population of the United Kingdom (to participate) in some sports or recreational activity.

VII. Отметьте известную вам и новую информацию в тексте.

VIII. Составьте план пересказа текста.

IX. Используя составленный план, сделайте устное сообщение на тему: Popular British Games and Sports”.

X. Прочитайте диалог по ролям и выучите его.

VOCABULARY

1. major aбольшой, крупный, значительный

2. favourite aлюбимый,излюбленный

3. cricket nкрикет (спортивная игра)

e.g. The most favourite sports in Great Britain are football,cricket and tennis.

4. climbing nальпинизм

syn. mountaineering

5. rugby nрэгби

6. horseконный спорт, скачки, бега

dogracingсобачьи бега

motorавтомобильные гонки

7. invent vизобретать, придумывать

e.g. Britain invented and developed many of the sports and games which

are popular all over the world.

8. appear vпоявляться, появиться

e.g. The English national summer game cricket appeared in the 18^th century.

9. hold (held, held) v1. держать

2. задерживать

3. вмещать

10. spectator n1. зритель

2. очевидец

spectacular aзрелищный, захватывающий,

эффектный

e.g. The Wembley Stadium holds 100.000 spectators

11. rule nправило

e.g. The rules of rugby are different from football.

12. violent a1. жесткий, грубый

2. сильный, интенсивный

e.g. Rugby is a violent game and it's highly popular in Wales.

13. exciting aзахватывающий, увлекательный

e.g. The game looks slow but it can be exciting if you understand what's going on.

14. throw (threw, thrown) vбросать, кидать

15. bat n бита

clubклюшка для игры в гольф

16.golf

courseплощадка/поле для игры в гольф

17. strike (struck, struck) vударять по чему-либо

e.g. Golf is played by striking a ball with a special golf club round a

golf course with 18 holes.

18. expensive aдорогой, дорогостоящий

19. lawn tennis n(большой) теннис

20. join vприсоединиться, вступить

21. beneficial a1. полезный, благотоворный2. выгодный

benefit n, vпольза, выгода

извлекать выгоду

e.g. Team sports are very beneficial for schoolchildren.

22. adult n, aвзрослый человек

зрелый

e.g. Some 29 mln adults and 7 mln children participate in some sports or recreational

activity.

23. hiking n1. длительные прогулки пешком

2. пеший туризм

24. snooker nснукер (вид бильярдной игры)

25. darts nигра “дротики”