In our research we will analyze Chinese and English language media in Singapore. We will concentrate only on studying newspapers; other media sources we will not analyze.

Analysis of English language media

In our research we selected the most popular Singapore newspapers. Here is the list of them:

From us it was surprising to see that a lot of Singapore media mostly do not write about Ukraine in the political aspect. For example, they mention Ukraine in articles about Vladyslav Buzko, who is the head mixologist. Sip on the powers of Olympian deities. 28.12.2017. WEEKENDER. https://weekender.com.sg/w/dining/thirstythursday-5-alchemy-themed-cocktails-imbibe-elixir-bar/ (accessed April, 14^th).

Also, some news articles were found which describe the Ukrainian Chernobyl as the place for tourism. Black tourism: Travel to the dark side of the world. 09.10.2014.WEEKENDER. https://weekender.com.sg/w/travel/black-tourism/ (accessed April, 14^th). Journalists claim that this place is really safe now and it is open for tourists. It should be added that journalists write about the plants of the Ukrainian government to launch a power station. In such news it is claimed that now Ukraine does not buy the Russian gas and they need to produce their own energy.

There are a lot of media articles about sport in Ukraine. The biggest part of such articles is about football, especially in summer 2018, when the FIFA took place in Russia. Some news and articles were about table tennis, which is claimed to be the favorite kind of sport of Chinese and Singapore citizens. Journalists wrote about the Championship of Table Tennis, in which the Ukrainian team won the team from Singapore.

In 2016 one of the most important topics connected to the Ukraine was the Eurovision song contest. Ukraine won this music competition. The biggest part of news articles just describes the procedures of the contest, however, there are also articles which claim that the Eurovision has a political aspect, some countries very often vote for their neighboring countries or for countries they have good relations with.

Also, there are some news about the Malaysian airliner which was shot down by Ukrainian military force in Donetsk in 2014. The plane flew from Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur. All passengers died. Mahang MH17 kongnan: Ouran Zhong de biran jieguo [Malaysia Airlines MH17 air crash: the inevitable result of chance].19.07.2014. Inmedia. https://www.inmediahk.net/mh17-0 (accessed March, 18^th).

It is interesting that in many Singapore articles the Ukrainian crisis is mentioned in the aspect of relations between Russia and the USA. For example, there were articles where the Kremlin complained that on the border between Russia and Ukraine some American bomber planes were observed. Singapore media emphasizes that nowadays the relations between Russia and the USA are very difficult, and, they call the main reason of worsening relations the Russian annexation the Crimea region.

In June 2014 Singapore journalists wrote about Crimea. They provide information about some accidents. 14 dead after fire on two vessels off Crimea. 22.01.2019. The Business Times. https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/transport/14-dead-after-fire-on-two-vessels-off-crimea(accessed April, 16^th).

From our point of view, is should be mentioned that Singapore journalists in articles about the Ukrainian crisis very often refer to the Russian news agency, which is called “RIA Novosti”. This news agency is a part of the “Rossia Segodnya” enterprise, whose director is Dmitri Kiselyov. We should add that the “Rossia Segodnya” is owned and managed by the government of the Russian Federation, and there is no doubt that this media is not free. That is why, for us is very strange that journalists from “more democratic” Singapore refer to the state-owned media of the authoritarian country.

One of the most significant topics, connected with the Ukrainian crisis in Singapore media are sanctions. Journalists write a lot about the EU and the USA sanctions toward Russia and about the Russian respond on these sanctions. Ibid

Some articles were found concentrating on the energy issues. For example, in 2015 Singapore journalists wrote that Russia would continue to offer purchase gas discounts to Ukraine. It was written that the Ukrainian national oil and gas company has requested the “Gazprom” company to continue offering gas purchase discounts. According to the draft agreement prepared by the Russian government, Russia would continue to provide gas supply concessions to Ukraine. However, gas supply offers would be implemented on a quarterly basis. Moreover, the price of gas purchases that Russia can offer to Uzbekistan is about US$20 per cubic kilometer. After the implementation of the preferential price, Russia's export price to Uzbekistan is about US$230 per cubic kilometer. The gas price negotiations broke, Russia stopped exporting to Ukraine, EU considered reverse gas supply. 17.06.2014. The News Lens. https://www.thenewslens.com/article/4742 (accessed March, 18^th).

According to Singapore journalists Russia has formulated a 20-year development strategy for the natural gas sector, and the future situation may change. However, under any circumstances, the natural gas export business will be handled by the state-owned company, which will negotiate with the world's importers on behalf of the country to obtain the most favorable selling price.

Russia, Ukraine, and the European Union held talks on the Russian-Ukrainian winter gas supply program in Brussels. Uzbekistan, the minister of energy and coal industry, said that Uzbekistan hopes that the price of gas supply to Uzbekistan in the new winter gas supply plan will be lower than that of the EU countries.

Since Ukraine defaulted on Russian natural gas debts, Russia has implemented a prepayment gas supply mechanism for Uzbekistan since June 16 last year. After the implementation of the mechanism, the Russian side supplies natural gas according to the amount paid by Uzbekistan in advance. Russia implemented a preferential gas export policy for Uzbekistan from November 1 last year to June 30 this year. In the second quarter of this year, the price of natural gas supplied by Russia was US$247.18 per cubic kilometer. Since Uzbekistan is not satisfied with the price, Uzbekistan has suspended natural gas imports from Russia in the third quarter of this year. Ibid

There are articles about sanctions on Russia by the USA and European countries. Again journalists write that the reason of these sanctions is “the Russian annexation of Crimea”. So it again proves the negative reactions of Singapore journalists on the Russian participation in Crimea.

Also Singapore media writes about protests against the LGBT conference in Kiev. It is claimed that these protests are organized by religious groups. They say that “homosexuality is a disease”. It is very interesting that Chinese media do not write about LGBT community in Ukraine, they ignore this topic, so we can say that in this case Singapore looks more democratic.

Singapore also write about the Ukrainian art on the base of the political crisis. Especially they write about the Donetsk region. It is claimed that now the Ukrainian language is prohibited, everyone speaks Russian. And now in Donetsk singers on the street sings in Ukrainian, journalists call such events as the “revival of the Ukrainian art”. Ukrainian arts enjoy surprise revival in conflict-riven east. 17.12.2018. The Business Times. https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/life-culture/ukrainian-arts-enjoy-surprise-revival-in-conflict-riven-east (accessed April, 17^th).

In this part of the research we will provide the narrative analysis of the Singapore media content about Ukraine:

We analyzed 121 articles from 9 online newspapers and magazines. Our results could be illustrated by the following the word cloud, which shows the main key words of texts:

We can say that the English language Singapore media mostly is less politicized. Journalists write about general events in Ukraine, not about crisis and military protests.

It is very interesting that news about LGBT appear only in Singapore language media. It is believed that in authoritarian countries journalists do not write about LGBT community, pretending that such communities do not exist in these countries. Also, it should be mentioned, that news about LGBT community in Ukraine have negative evaluation of the Ukrainian society who claim that homosexuality is claimed to be a decease.

Analysis of Chinese language media reactions

The major Chinese language media of Singapore are presented in the following chart

In Singapore media articles written in Chinese language the issue of the Ukrainian crisis is more popular than in English language. Journalists describe different events connecting to such crisis. For example, journalists write about the conflict between Kiev and eastern part of the Ukraine. In February 2015 both sides of the conflict exchanged dozens of prisoners of war. Wukelan weiji:Jiaozhan shuangfang jiaohuan shu zhi shanfu [Ukrainian crisis: the warring parties exchange dozens of prisoners of war]. 22.02.2015. Zaobao. https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/world/story20150222-449191 (accessed May, 7^th). The event took place in Ukraine a week after the official ceasefire agreement. Journalists expressed hope that the agreement would be effective and would lead to peace on the territory of Ukraine.

Another topic connected with the Ukrainian crisis in Singapore media is about the collapse of Yanukovych regime, who was the ex-President of Ukraine. E cheng xiwang wu lingtu baochi wanzheng tongyi[Russia hopes Ukrainian territory will remain intact]. 22.04.2015. Zaobao. https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/world/story20150422-471544 (accessed May, 11^th). It should be mentioned, that journalists emphasize that Yanukovych was pro-Russian President, and Poroshenko called for national unity and confrontation with Russia. From our point of view, it seems obvious that Singapore journalists support Ukraine and blame Russia in death of hundreds of people on Maidan Square.

Some media articles relate to sanctions on Russia based on the Ukrainian crisis. Journalists write that the USA strengthen sanctions on Russia because of the violation of the ceasefire agreement. They write: “ГА№ъУлЕ·ЦЮГЛ№ъЙМТй¶Ф¶нВЮЛ№К©јУёьСПїБЦЖІГЈ¬ТФ±Ёёґ¶н·Ѕ№«И»ОҐ·ґОЪїЛАјНЈ»рР­Тй”. Baofu duifang weifan wu tinghuo xieyi Mei Ou ni jiaqiang zhicai Eluosi [Retaliation against the other party's violation of the U.S. ceasefire agreement]. 23.02.2015. Zaobao. https://www.zaobao.com.sg/special/report/politic/ukraine/story20150223-449300 (accessed May,5th). It means that the United States of America and European Union countries have negotiated to impose more stringent sanctions on Russia in retaliation for Russia's flagrant violation of the Ukrainian ceasefire agreement. They call Russian actions as №«И»ОҐ·ґ (flagrant violation). So, it seems obvious that journalists negatively estimate Russian actions.

Writing about sanctions it should be mentioned that Singapore journalists refer to politicians all over the world to express their opinions about sanctions against Russia. German ex-Prime Minister emphasized that sanctions should be stopped.

Also, journalists provide news about the intentions of the USA government to provide Ukraine with defense equipment such as weapons, ships and aircrafts. However, the Russian point of view on such help is also provided. Russia believes that the U.S. actions could worsen relations between Ukraine and Russia. Mei xiang Wukelan tigong fangwei zhuangbei [U.S. provides defense equipment to Ukraine].12.03.2015. Zaobao. https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/world/story20150312-456065 (accessed March, 21^st).

It should be emphasized that Singapore journalists mostly reflect the American view on the Ukrainian crisis. They write that the United States has repeatedly accused Moscow of sending troops and weapons across the border into Ukraine to support pro-Russian rebels. Journalists refer to American authorities who claim that they believe that the military methods cannot solve the Ukrainian crisis, but at the same time they believe that Ukraine has the right to defend itself. That is why, it seems obvious that according to American point of view, Ukraine protects itself with the help of the USA from Russia.

In Singapore newspapers there are articles about the meeting of the United Nations Security Council, that aim was to discuss the situation in southeastern part of Ukraine. Journalists mostly refer to Western experts that claimed that during the meeting countries discussed the humanitarian help to Ukraine and the ways of regulating the conflict in Ukraine. Journalists write: “К©ВЮµВЦёіцЈ¬°ьАЁµВ№ъХюё®ФЪДЪµДЕ·ЦЮИЛЛщ·ёµДґуґнФЪУЪЈ¬µ±К±µДЕ·ГЛОЇФ±»бЦчПЇ°НВЮЧфЦ»УлОЪїЛАјЅшРРБЄПµ№ъР­¶ЁМёЕРЈ¬¶шГ»УРУл¶нВЮЛ№” (Schroeder pointed out that the big mistake made by Europeans, including the German government, was that the European Commission President Barroso only negotiated with Ukraine on the country of contact, but not with Russia). Lianheguo anlihui jiang yu 3 yue 6 ri kaihui taolun wukelan jushi [The UN Security Council will meet on March 6 to discuss the situation in Ukraine].06.03.2015. Zaobao. https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/world/story20150306-453846 (accessed April, 17^th).

Some news articles related to relations between Russia and Ukraine. For example, in February 2014 Singapore journalists wrote about Sergey Lavrov's speech about the Ukrainian crisis. E jiang jixu xiang Wu tigong gou qi youhui [Russia will continue to offer gas purchase discounts to Ukraine].25.05.2015. Zaobao. https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/world/story20150925-530684 (accessed March, 19^th). Minister said that he hoped that Ukraine would maintain peace on the territory of country and maintain a territorial integrity. According to Sergey Lavrov Ukraine needs to give up some stubborn stereotypes and views on the past of Ukraine and views on nationalism. Lavrov stressed that Ukraine only needs to recognize the diversity of the country's constitution in order to become a complete national state that is not disintegrated. Ibid.

Another group of news in Chinese language Singapore media proves negative attitude to Russia in Ukrainian crisis. Some articles were found focusing on the using of nuclear weapon during the Crimean crisis. It is interesting that journalists do not write about Russia, they associate nuclear weapon with the Russian President Vladimir Putin. It was written that “¶нВЮЛ№ЧЬНіЖХѕ©НёВ¶Ј¬ОЪїЛАјµДЗЧ¶нХюё®ИҐДкіхµ№МЁЈ¬ТФј°¶нВЮЛ№ІўНМїЛАпГЧСЗЛщТэ·ўµДОЈ»ъ”. E cheng xiwang wu lingtu baochi wanzheng tongyi[Russia hopes Ukrainian territory will remain intact]. 22.04.2015. Zaobao. https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/world/story20150422-471544 (accessed May, 11^th). That phrase could be translated as “the Russian President Vladimir Putin revealed that at the beginning of the last year the pro-Russian government of Ukraine fell down and the crisis caused by Russia's annexation of Crimea happened”. Journalists use the verb “ІўНМ” that is translated as “to annex, to swallow, to merge”. That is why, there is no doubt that Singapore negatively react on the Russian actions in Crimea.

All the results could be presented in the following table:

We analyzed 89 articles and news connected with Ukraine from five newspapers and magazines. We would like to present the following word cloud:

To sum up, we can say that Singapore Chinese language media journalists' narratives connected with Russian participation in Ukrainian crisis are negative. Chinese language media narratives of Singapore are more concentrated on politics than English language Singaporean media.

Comparison of Chinese and Singapore narratives

crisis comparative singapore media

In the third chapter we will conduct the comparative analysis of Chinese and Singaporean media narratives. The aim of the chapter is to compare and indicate the main trends of narratives of Chinese regional media and Singaporean.

This chapter is divided into three parts. The first part will show the similarities and differences of narratives. The second part will describe the vocabulary used in writing media articles and the last part will explain our results and compare them with our expected outcomes based on previous studies.

Comparatives of analyzed narratives

In this part of our research we will compare the narratives of five Chinese regions' media with Singapore English language and Mandarin language media of Singapore. Our results are presented in the following table. We colored some frames, which occur in different regions, frames which occurred only in one region are colored black.

After analyzing the main narratives of Chinese and Singapore we can see the following results:

Firstly, the narrative of OBOR concept connecting with Ukraine appears only in Chinese media. Such tendency could be explained by the fact that “One Belt, One Road” is a Chinese initiative proposed by Xi Jinping, who is the President of the People's Republic of China. Singapore is claimed to be the part of the Maritime Silk Road XXI century, and Maritime Silk Road is not connected with Ukraine, so that is why, there is no doubt that Singapore media do not write about the Ukraine's participation is this concept.

Secondly, the narrative of education is Ukraine appears also only in Chinese media. It also can be explained with the fact that in 2017 Ukraine and China wrote an agreement of collaboration in the sphere of education.

Thirdly, Taiwanese media narratives are very similar with narratives of Chinese language Singaporean media. Journalists write about the same topics; the evaluation of the events is similar as well.

Furthermore, Hong Kong's media narratives are very close to English language Singaporean media. The main difference is that Singapore English language media does not concentrated on the Crimean crisis analysis, other frames and evaluations are the same.

Except for Tibet and North Chinese media, all Chinese narratives about the Crimean crisis have neutral evaluation, whereas Hong Kong, Taiwanese media have negative estimation of Russian actions in Crimea.

Singapore English language media have many frames, however it should be mentioned that this group of media is less politicized than others. Journalists mostly concentrate on the description of news about sports, culture, etc.

Lexical differences of describing Russian actions in Ukrainian crisis

In previous part of our research we analyzed and compared narratives of Chinese regional and Singapore media. In this part of the work we will provide the comparison of lexical tools used in writing media texts.

We will analyze such tools on the example of how journalists write about the Crimean crisis. Our results are presented in the following table:

As you can see Singapore journalists used the same words describing Russian actions in Crimea as Hong Kong's and Tibet's. And we can say that Singapore Chinese language media's narratives are similar with Taiwanese. Taiwanese journalists use different verbs describing Russian participation in Ukraine, but we can say that Taiwanese journalists use stronger vocabulary, but all of these words are considered to be synonyms.

Comparison of results with literature review

This part of our research is needed to compare of our results with the literature background which our study is based on.

The aim of our study is to analyze the media narratives on the Ukrainian crisis in Singapore and Chinese media. Chinese media is divided into five regions. Such division is explained by traditional geographical division and our previous research analysis.

After analyzing the literature background, we highlighted expected outcomes of our research based on literature background. We expected that:

Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore media narratives would be similar. It is connected with the similar political systems, economic development and historical background. (based on Jia, 2014 study)

The Mainland Chinese media narratives would contain the positive evaluation about the joining Crimea to Russia (due to Sheng, 2014 study)

Hong Kong media narratives would be similar with American (according to Egorova, 2014 study)

English and Chinese language narratives of Singapore media would be similar (based on Gomez, 2005 research)

Singapore media narratives would be less politicized than Chinese (according to Gomez, 2005)

Now we will compare our results with expected outcomes. Firstly, our assumption that Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore media narratives would be similar is partly true. After analyzing the media narratives, we realized that Hong Kong's media narratives are very similar to Singapore English language media. Taiwanese media narratives are similar with Singapore Chinese language. We can explain, this with similar historical background: Hong Kong and Singapore were British colonies. Also, nowadays the structure of Singapore and Hong Kong is very similar, Singapore is a city-state, whereas Hong Kong is a special administrative region of China, which has some autonomy from the Mainland China. Furthermore, we should emphasize that these three countries are Asian Tigers or Dragons because of the rapid tempts of economic growth. Hong Kong, Taiwan and Singapore have higher Democracy Index than the Mainland China. All these facts explain the similarities between narratives of Hong Kong's, Taiwanese and Singapore media.

The second outcome that we expected that the Mainland Chinese media narratives would contain the positive evaluation about the joining Crimea to Russia. However, our analysis could not prove it. We indicated that the Mainland Chinese narratives have neutral evaluation to the Russian actions in Crimea. We believe that it is because of the realization of many international projects where China needs to have good relations with other countries, such as OBOR project and others.

Thirdly, we expected that Hong Kong media narratives would be similar with American. It is partly true; we need to take into account some other factors. For example, comparing to Egorova (2014) study we should claim that American narratives are more politicized than Hong Kong's, because Hong Kong's journalists also write about culture, education and tourism in Ukraine.

Fourthly, we expected that English and Chinese language narratives of Singapore media would be similar. However, after analyzing news we realized that the content of English and Chinese language media is different. According to Gomez (2005) research, Singapore journalists have a system of self-censorship, they prefer to write about general topics and avoid writing about controversial. We realized that English language media articles mostly refer to Western articles, whereas Singapore is not a democracy, that is why in order not to spread “Western ideas” journalists omit such news. Also, it is needed to add, that English language newspapers and journals have more entertaining character than Chinese language.

The fifth outcome was Singapore media narratives would be less politicized than Chinese. This expected outcome is similar to the fourth one, because it is connected with the system of self-censorship, however, we cannot say that Chinese language media in Singapore is less politicized than Chinese.

To sum up, it should be said that some of our expected outcomes were false. We indicated expected outcomes by the analysis of the previous research. It is needed to emphasize that authors mostly did not provide the narrative analysis of media texts, they just generally described the trends in media of China and Singapore, however, the method of narrative analysis could help to prove their studies

Conclusion

In our research we studied the narratives of Chinese and Singapore media on the Ukrainian crisis. We divided the territory of China into some regions: the Mainland China, North China, Tibet, Taiwan and Hong Kong based on the media reactions on the Crimean crisis. Every region has its cultural, economic or social characteristics, which make them different from each other.

We studied the Singapore media narratives according to the language principle, so we decided to analyze English language and Chinese language narratives separately, because the division on the geographical principle is not logical due to the small territory of Singapore.

In our research we analyzed only regional online and printed media and did not study radio broadcasts, TV shows, etc. That is why, from our point of view, it is important to mention that there are not many news and articles about the Ukrainian crisis in the regional media sources, because they are mostly concentrated on the describing regional events.

Writing about other limitations of the research, it should be mentioned that we concentrated only on Chinese and English language media, we do not study media articles written in Malaysian and Tamil languages.

In our study we used the method of the narrative analysis based on William Labov's approach. Such method lets us to conduct a deep research on differences between media narratives on the Ukrainian crisis. After analyzing the content of 681 news and articles from 57 online media, we should mention that in every region Chinese journalists did not positively react on Russian participation in Ukrainian crisis. In Taiwan, Hong Kong and Tibet journalists negatively estimated the joining Crimea to Russia. Moreover, some negative reactions were found in the North Chinese media. We also expected that Xinjiang would negatively react on the Crimean crisis, however, the analyses of Xinjiang media indicated that journalist of this region neutrally describes Crimea. In describing the process of joining Crimea to Russia journalists use different verbs, which help us to indicate the attitude of the journalists.

It should be emphasized that media of all Chinese regions indicated that nowadays the world faces with the problem of international security. The worsening relations between Russia and Western countries exacerbates this problem.

Our paper provides a better understanding of different Chinese and Singapore media. From our point of view, it is very crucial because China is often considered as one big region and researchers do not indicate the differences of their parts. China is a multinational state, that is why, the analysis of Chinese media should be conducted with the taking into account this fact and divided the territory of China into some regions.

The results of our study show that the Chinese media mostly avoid extreme judgments. The vast majority of news articles contain so called “neutral evaluation”, that means that journalists do not positively or negatively estimate Russian actions in Ukrainian crisis.

Chinese language narratives of Singapore are very similar to Taiwanese. Both regional media concentrate on the describing the problem of Ukrainian crisis, negatively react on joining the Crimea region by Russia. We believe that similar narratives are connected with similar economic and political development.

In international relations there is a concept that Singapore is a “China light”, it means that due to population and features of the development, Singapore is very similar to China, but its political regime is more democratic. Plekhanov, D. Politicheskaya model Singapora v kontekste demokratii I avtoritarizma. [Political model of Singapore in contests of democracy and authoritarian regime].URFU, 2016. 17 In our research we proved this statement, because narratives of Singapore media are close to democratic states

We can say the same about the Taiwan, because according to the constitution of the People's Republic of China, Taiwan is part of China, but all the democratic states claim that Taiwan is an independent state. The results of our study prove that narratives of Chinese and Singapore media are very different, Singapore journalists negatively estimated the Russian actions, as an authoritarian state. Singapore media narratives are closer to Western media narratives than to Chinese.

Singapore English language media narratives are similar to Hong Kong's. It could be explained that Singapore journalists very often refer to Hong Kong's. Singapore and Hong Kong are very close to each other. Gomez, J. Self-Censorship: Singapore's Shame. Think Centre., 2005, 38. Firstly, Singapore represents as a city state, Hong Kong is a city, that is special autonomous region, that has its own power. Also Hong Kong and Singapore have similar historical background, these countries were British colonies an d the influence of the Great Britain on the Hong Kong's and Taiwanese society.

In Taiwanese, Hong Kong's, Singapore media Russia is described as a country that the threat of the world stability. Lianheguo anlihui jiang yu 3 yue 6 ri kaihui taolun wukelan jushi [The UN Security Council will meet on March 6 to discuss the situation in Ukraine].06.03.2015. Zaobao. https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/world/story20150306-453846 (accessed April, 17^th). The image of Russia has worsened after the Crimean crisis. Taiwanese journalists compare Putin's actions with Hitler's and Stalin's. Kelimiya Bei Shiwei [Xitelie Shi] Luedi. [Crimea Seen as 'Hitler-style' Land Grab].17.03.2014. Taipei Times h (accessed March, 20th).

The implications of further research are aimed to study media narratives of the South Korean media, because Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore are claimed to be the Asian Tigers. Our research includes analysis of media narratives of three countries, so it would be interesting to investigate how the South Korean journalists estimate the Ukrainian events. Also, it should be mentioned that South Korea is on the 20th place in Democracy Index by the Economic Intelligence Unit, whereas Taiwan is on the 32nd place, Singapore is on the 66th, Hong Kong is on the 73rd, and People's Republic of China is the 130th country. So, we believe, that South Korean narratives would be closer to Taiwan due to the political regime.

In our feature work it will be conducted a quantitative research which will study frequency of occurrence of verbs in description of the Ukrainian crisis. Moreover, in our feature research we will conduct interviews with journalists from different regions of China.

Bibliography

Alexandrova-Arbatova, N. Security relations in the Black Sea region: Russia and the West after the Ukrainian crisis. New York: Routledge, 2017.

Bebler, A. “The Russian-Ukrainian Conflict over Crimea.” Teorija in Praksa, vol. 52, no. 1 (2016):126-158.

Beddoes, Z. M. “Planet Trump: The world in 2017”. The Economist (November 2016) :10-14.

Demyankov, V. Z. (2002). “Politicheskiy diskurs kak predmet politologicheskoy filologii” [Political discourse as a political philology discourse]. Political science, no. 3. (2002).

Dyczok, M. Ukraine's Euromaidan: Broadcasting Through Information Wars with Hromadske Radio. East/West: Journal of Ukrainian Studies, no.3., 2016.

Egorova, E. Obraz Rossii v Americanskih electronnnyh SMI [Image of Russia in American online media]. Saint Petersburg, Nauchnoye mnenie, no. 3 (2014): 35-58

Gomez, J. Self-Censorship: Singapore's Shame. Think Centre, 2005.

Размещено на Allbest.ru