Foundation and functions of the Euarasian Economic Union

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Анализ учебной и внеаудиторной работы по предмету

Количество посещаемых и проанализированных вузовских учебных занятий (занятия научного руководителя и сокурсников-практикантов) - 5, количество самостоятельных проведенных занятий - 2 (темы занятий: “Образование и функции Евразийского Экономического Союза”, на 2-ом и 4-ом курсах). В период практики были освоены такие формы проведения занятий как информационная лекция, практическое занятие и лекция.

Анализ собственного стиля педагогической деятельности практиканта

При проведении занятий в основном использовался демократический стиль общения - студенты принимали активное участие в обсуждении излагаемого материала. На мой взгляд, данный стиль положительным образом сказывается на усвояемости материала, так как увеличение инициативы студентов приводит к сохранению у них интереса к предмету, а следовательно, и большей концентрации внимания на нем. Кроме того, при демократическом стиле общения студенты не только проявляют интерес к работе, обнаруживая позитивную внутреннюю мотивацию, но и сближаются между собой в личностном отношении. Помимо демократического стиля, использовалось общение на основе увлеченности совместной творческой деятельностью. Этот стиль общения можно рассматривать как предпосылку успешной совместной учебно-развивающей деятельности, так как увлеченность общим делом - источник дружественности и одновременно дружественность, помноженная на заинтересованность работой, рождает совместный увлеченный поиск.

Общие выводы о практике

Вовремя прохождения педагогической практики закладывается тот самый фундамент, который в дальнейшем позволяет каждому студенту стать преподавателем. Несмотря на небольшой период практики, в ходе нее студент приобщается к искусству педагогики и получает основные навыки общения с аудиторией.

Благодаря практике можно лучше понять себя и группу, в которой учусь. Также я научился использовать различные жесты для пояснения материала, излагать материал логически связанно, грамотно отвечать на вопросы, планировать занятие, рассчитывая на определенное время, грамотно работать с доской и адаптировать материал под способности аудитории. Для улучшения своей педагогической деятельности необходимо бороться с комплексами, развивать громкость голоса, большее внимание уделять аудитории.

Таким образом, обучение в Чувашском государственном университете им. И.Н. Ульянова дает хорошую основу для преподавания, а практика помогает выработать индивидуальный стиль.

Содержание

Курс: 2

Дата: 6.10.2014

Тема учебного занятия: «Foundation and functions of the Euarasian Economic Union». (занятие проводится на английском языке)

Цели учебного занятия:

Дидактическая: изучить деятельность и функции ЕЭС.

Воспитательная: стимулировать стремление к изучению экономики и английского языка.

Методы обучения: словесные методы (рассказ, беседа, лекция, объяснение), наглядные методы (показ), практические методы (упражнение).

Средства обучения: опорные конспекты.

Тип занятия: комбинированный урок

Вид занятия: лекция

Содержательное наполнение

The Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), also known as the Eurasian Union (EAU; i/j??r?e???n ?ju?nj?n/), is a political and economic union which was established by a treaty signed on 29 May 2014 between the leaders of Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Russia. A treaty to enlarge the EEU to Armenia was signed on October 9, 2014. The Union will officially go into effect on 1 January 2015.

The Eurasian Economic Union would create a single economic market of 171 million people and a gross domestic product of 3 trillion U.S. dollars. The republic of Kyrgyzstan has also expressed interest in joining the organization and plans to take the necessary steps to do so by the end of 2014.

The Eurasian Economic Union is often known as the Eurasian Union, although it is mainly economic as of now. Initially, the president of Kazakhstan, proposed at Moscow State University cooperation among member states in many areas, including the military. Many politicians, philosophers and political scientists have called for further integration towards a political, military and cultural union. However modern-day Kazakhstan has insisted the union stay purely economic as it seeks to keep its independence and sovereignty intact.

History

After the end of the Cold War and the Dissolution of the Soviet Union, Russia and the central Asian republics were weakened economically and faced declines in GDP growth. Post-Soviet states underwent economic reforms and privatization. As a result on December 8, 1991 the process of Eurasian integration began immediately after the break-up of the Soviet Union to salvage economic ties with Post-Soviet states through the creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States by the presidents of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia.

In 1994, President of Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbayev, suggested the idea of creating a regional trading bloc during a speech at Moscow State University, in order to connect and profit from the growing economies of Europe and East Asia. The idea was quickly seen as a way to bolster trade, boost investments in the region, and serve as a counterweight to Western integration unions. During the 1990s the Eurasian integration process has been slow, possibly due to the economic crisis experienced after the Dissolution of the Soviet Union and the size of the countries involved (Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan cover an area of about 20 mln km2). As a result numerous treaties have been signed by member states to establish the regional trading bloc gradually.

In 1995 Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia, and later acceding states Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan signed the first agreements on the establishment of a Customs Union. economic union currency agreement

Since 1 January 2012, the three states are a Single Economic Space which aims to ensure the effective functioning of the common market for goods, services, capital and labor, and to establish coherent industrial, transport, energy and agricultural policies. The agreement included the roadmap for the future integration and established the Eurasian Economic Commission (modeled on the European Commission). The Eurasian Economic Commission serves as the regulatory agency for the Eurasian Customs Union, the Single Economic Space and the Eurasian Economic Union.

On 29 May 2014, the presidents of Kazakhstan, Belarus and Russia signed the agreement on the Eurasian Economic Union, which comes into effect on January 1, 2015. The presidents of Armenia and Kyrgyzstan were also present.

After signing the agreement establishing the Eurasian Economic Union, President Putin said, "Today we are creating a powerful, attractive center of economic development, a big regional market that unites more than 170 million people." Kazakh politicians emphasized the Eurasian Economic Union was not intended to be a political bloc, but a purely economic union. Bakytzhan Sagintayev, the first deputy prime minister of Kazakhstan and lead negotiator said, "We are not creating a political organization; we are forming a purely economic union." He went on to say "it is a pragmatic means to get benefits. We don't meddle into what Russia is doing politically, and they cannot tell us what foreign policy to pursue." By October, the treaty had received parliamentary approval from all three states. On October 9, 2014, a treaty to enlarge the EEU to Armenia was signed, with plans for it to be ratified in time for Armenia to become one of the founding members of the union on January 1, 2015.

Structural evolution.

Politics and governance

The Eurasian Economic Union has sought to base its model on the European Union.

Important decisions for the Eurasian Economic Union are addressed by the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council, which is composed of the Heads of State of the Member States. The Supreme Council determines the strategy, direction and prospects of integration and takes decisions aimed at achieving the goals of the union.

The Eurasian Economic Commission carries out its work in compliance with the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC) and the international agreements that provide the legal and regulatory framework of the Customs Union and the Single Economic Space.

Eurasian Economic Commission.

The agreement signed by Russia's prime minister Dmitry Medvedev, Kazakhstan's president Nursultan Nazarbayev and Belarus' president Alexander Lukashenko established the Eurasian Commission, the supranational governing body of the Eurasian Economic Space, which started work on 1 January 2012. The Eurasian Commission was modeled on theEuropean Commission. Its headquarters are in Moscow. The commission monitors subordinate branches and advisory bodies. In 2015, its departments will be greatly expanded, and the number of international employees will increase from 150 to 1,200.

The Eurasian Commission can take decisions on not only the customs policy of the union but also on the macro-economy, the competition regulations, the energy policy and the fiscal policy of the Eurasian Economic Union. It also has strict anti-corruption laws.

The Eurasian Economic Commission consists of two bodies:

Council.

The council is composed of the Vice Prime Ministers of the member states. The council of the Commission oversees the integration processes in the Union, and is responsible for the overall management of the Eurasian Commission.It monitors the commission by approving the draft budget of the union, the maximum number of personnel, and the qualification requirements for the commission's employees. The council convenes once every quarter.

It also considers issues of customs cooperation, trade and development of Eurasian integration. The council regularly holds discussions on the important aspects of the EEU and meets with business representatives of the Member States.[79]

Board

Viktor Kristenko is the chairman of the board. The board is composed of 9 commissioners, one of which is the Chairman of the board. Each member state provides 3 commissioners to the Board of the Eurasian Commission who carry out the operational management and oversee the everyday work of the Eurasian Commission. All 9 commissioners are appointed by the Supreme Eurasian Council for a four year renewable term, with the exception of the Chairman of the board who's term cannot be renewed. The commissioners also receive the status of federal ministers in their respective countries.

The board of the Commission is the executive body of the Commission. It convenes once every week at least, and is responsible for the day-to-day running of the Eurasian Economic Union. The board has a wide range of activities, including monitoring the implementation of treaties, submitting annual progress reports and making recommendations. The board of the commission also assists member states in the settlement of disputes, and carries out the draft of the union's budget. Part of its activities include being the intermediary between the departments of the commission and the heads of state of the member states.

The commission consists of a number of departments headed by the commissioners. The lower rank staff is composed of 84% Russian officials, 10% Kazakhs and 6% Belarusians, proportional to the populations of the member states. The Board of the Eurasian Commission is eligible to make decisions not only with regard to customs policies but in such areas as macroeconomics, regulation of economic competition, energy policy and financial policy. The Commission Board is also involved in government procurement and labor migration control.

Budget.

The expenses of the infrastructure and accommodation of commission workers is financed by Russia, while in general the commission budget is financed by all three countries and dependent on taxation shares received from the Customs Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia.

Court of the Eurasian Economic Union.

In 2015, the new court will replace the Court of the Eurasian Economic Community (EurAsEC Court). It will be in charge of dispute resolution and the interpretation of the legal order within the Eurasian Customs Union, the Eurasian Economic Community and Eurasian Economic Union itself. Its headquarters will be in Minsk. According to the second annex to the treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union, the court composes of two judges from each member state, appointed by the Supreme Eurasian Council. Their term of office is 9 years.

Economy.

The Eurasian Economic Union is designed to reach a number of macroeconomic objectives such as reducing commodity prices by reducing the cost of transportation of raw materials, increasing return on new technologies and products due to the increased market volume, and promoting "healthy" competition in the common market. It is also designed to lower food prices, increase employment in industries and increase production capacity.

The Eurasian Union is considered as a major player in the world's energy sector, raw materials, arms industry andagricultural production. In 2013 Russia was the 3rd most successful country in the world in attracting capital from abroad. The significant potential for developing infrastructure has led the member states and its partners to create links by constructing roads, railways, electric power grids and fibre-optic cables.

Monetary union.

The idea of the new joint currency was proposed by Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev. When discussing the Eurasian Economic Union, Vladimir Putin said the Eurasian Economic Union would include closer coordination of economic and monetary policy, including the use of a common currency in the future. Although the creation of a monetary unionwas not envisaged in the Eurasian Economic Union Treaty, Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev, called for the introduction of a common currency for the Eurasian Economic Union. Leonid Slutsky, head of the State Duma's CIS committee backed Medvedev's proposal to start discussions on the creation of a monetary union. Slutsky said it could be introduced shortly after 2015, when the union's structure becomes clear. Belarusian president, Alexander Lukashenko, circulated the idea of creating a "new euro" for the Eurasian economic bloc. In April 2014, discussions to introduce a single currency resumed.

Russia's First Deputy Prime Minister, Igor Shuvalov, stated on 24 July 2014 that the Eurasian Economic Union will have a common currency unit in a span of five to ten years.

Projected economic impact.

Member states remain optimistic of the union and key partners in the region, China, Iran, Turkey remain interested in it. Belief is that the Eurasian Economic Union has significant potential over the next two decades, with experts predicting a 25 percent growth in the member states' GDP by 2030, which equates to over US$600bn. The agreement will give member state citizens access to employment and education across the union. It will also entail collaborative policies in many sectors including agriculture, energy, technology and transportation. These collaborative policies are particularly interesting for countries in Asia seeking access to energy, trade routes in central Asia and Siberia, and agricultural goods.

The European Union and the United States as well as other western countries remain critical of the Eurasian Economic Union, with analysts stating that without modernization and real economic reforms, the union will have little impact. The popular magazine "The Economist" stated that the advantages of joining the union remain unclear and further remarked "The agreement was vague, with technical details left unresolved, making it a political show rather than an economic one". Outlets have also stated that without Ukraine, the Eurasian Economic Union has lost a key member state necessary to the success of the union. Bloomberg's business magazine, Businessweek has affirmed that joining Putin's Eurasian Union looks like a bad deal, including for Russia. The union "won't really register on the radar of the global economy," said an analyst at the EU's Institute for Security Studies in Paris.

Vladimir Putin stated in November 2011 that the Eurasian Economic Union would build upon the "best values of the Soviet Union"; however, critics claimed that the drive towards integration aims to restore the "Soviet Empire".

Free trade agreements

Russia's economic development minister stated that the Turkish economic minister, Nihat Zeybekci, put forward an initiative for closer cooperation with the Eurasian Economic Union, including the formation of a free trade zone between the union and Turkey.

Vietnamese President Truong Tan Sang stated in July 2012 that Vietnam may join the Customs Union: "if there is a political will from our country's authorities, as well as Belarusian and Kazakh partners, we will soon be able to start this process".The Customs Union completed a free trade agreement (FTA) feasibility study for Vietnam in November 2012 andRussian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev stated in November 2012 that negotiations over the FTA will begin in early 2013. Vietnamese officials estimated in September 2012 that negotiations could take two years. Trade between Vietnam and the Customs Union in 2011 was 2.24 billion USD.

As announced by Russian Deputy Prime Minister Arkady Dvorkovich on 9 December 2013, Israel is considering signing a free trade agreement with the Eurasian Economic Union Customs Union.

Russian President Vladimir Putin stated at a July 2014 meeting of ambassadors and permanent representatives of theRussian Federation that he was ready to discuss a free trade area between the European Union and the Eurasian Economic Union.

International response.

Tensions between the EEU and the European Union (EU) occurred as both have sought to deepen their ties with severalformer Soviet republics. The EU signed free trade agreements with Ukraine, Moldova and Georgia, however separatists in all three countries back closer ties with Russia. Russia pressured Ukraine not to sign or ratify a free trade agreement with the EU, and supported separatists in Eastern Ukraine after their annexation of the Crimean peninsula. In response, some member states of the European Union have sought to find alternatives to Russian gas, while others have voiced their support for the construction of the South Stream pipeline which circumvents Ukraine. Analysts believe Russia backs the Eurasia Economic Union in order to limit western influence in the region.

Western analysts generally see the Eurasian Economic Union as a way to reunite many of the former Soviet republics. For example, Washington Post author Abigail Hauslohner wrote the treaty was intended "to further bolster [Russia]'s ties to former Soviet republics." The United States expressed its opposition to the Eurasian Union, claiming it is "an attempt" to re-establish a USSR-type union among the former Soviet republics. In December 2012, former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton claimed "It's not going to be called that [Soviet Union]. It's going to be called customs union, it will be called the Eurasian Union and all of that, but let's make no mistake about it. We know what the goal is and we are trying to figure out effective ways to slow down or prevent it".

Kazakhstan president Nursultan Nazarbayev called it "a hard-won achievement," and "a blessing for our people." However, not all Kazakh citizens were happy about the agreement; dozens of people protesting the agreement were arrested in the nation's capital after it was signed.

India, Israel, New Zealand, Turkey, and Vietnam were among the countries that quickly expressed a desire to form trade agreements with the new Eurasian Economic Union after the treaty was signed.

Ход занятия

Выводы

Сложности, возникшие при подготовке материала, были преимущественно связаны с обилием большого количества материала по теме лекции, выбрать из которого нужно было самое важное и по возможности интересное. Несмотря на то, что весь материал так и не был изложен, считаю, что занятие проведено успешно. В ходе лекции несколько раз возникали дискуссии, что свидетельствует о том, что, по крайней мере, некоторым студенты слушали ее и, возможно, им даже было интересно. Основная трудность при проведении занятий - отсутствие опыта длительных выступлений перед аудиторией, что иногда приводило к заминкам и паузам. Также в начале лекции испытывалось некоторое волнение, что привело к небольшому изменению в плане лекции, однако это не нарушило целостность излагаемого материала. В дальнейшем считаю необходимым более тщательно отбирать материал и лучше подготавливать вступительную часть лекции.

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