The activities of charitable funds of the city of Ivano-Frankivsk: history and modernity

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The activities of charitable funds of the city of Ivano-Frankivsk: history and modernity

V.V. Stynska Doctor of Sciences (Pedagogy), Professor

(Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk), I.I. Zavulichna Graduate Student (Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk)

The article deals with a public charity in Ivano-Frankivsk taken in historical retrospect and at the present stage.

It is proved that the charitable activity in Ivano-Frankivsk (then Stanislaviv), which dates back to the 19-th century, is diverse (educational, medical, social). The city had a wide range of charitable organizations (Society of Christian Ladies, Society of St. Vincent and Paul, Society of Public Education, Bread for Hungry Children, Folk Kitchen, etc.), which organized various charity events ("Chocolate of Happiness", etc.) and assisted to all in need. In Stanislaviv, many institutions existed thanks to donations (Abraham Halpern Orphanage, Elderly and Disabled Orphanage, Brother Albert's Shelter, Isakovych Orphanage for boys, Mrochkovska Orphanage for ladies, etc.).

In the post-war period, an important event of charitable activity was the foundation of the Ukrainian Red Cross and Red Crescent, and the Ukrainian Students' Charitable Foundation.

It is investigated that the beginning of the 21-st century is marked by the rapid development of charitable foundations in Ukraine, including in the Ivano-Frankivsk region. The mission and responsibilities of the organizations in Ivano-Frankivsk are clarified as educational ("Osvita Ivano- Frankivsk (Education Ivano-Frankivsk)", "Miy Universytet (My University)", "INTEGRO"); social ("Maty Tereza (Mother Teresa)" Charitable Foundation for the Terminally Ill, St. Panteleimon Charitable Foundation of Palliative Care Center, Caritas Ivano-Frankivsk UGCC Charitable Foundation, "Chysti sertsem (Pure Heart)" Charitable Foundation, "Nebaiduzhi (Not Indifferent)" Charitable Foundation, "Time for the goodness and mercy", "Community of St. Egidius", "Maltese Aid Service", "My city is Ivano-Frankivsk", Charitable Christian Foundation "Solidarnist (Solidarity)"); medical (Ivano- Frankivsk Regional Clinical Center for Palliative Care IF Hospice, Charitable Foundation "Ty anhel (You are Angel)", Charitable Foundation "Zavzhdy z toboiu (Always with You)"), etc.

It is concluded that the charitable organizations in Ivano-Frankivsk are founded to provide the following services: educational, advisory, prognostic, organizational, educational (in the field of education); care, information and advisory, legal, humanitarian/financial/material assistance (in the social sphere); legal advice, pilot support, psychological and pedagogical assistance, financial assistance (fundraising for treatment, etc.) in the field of health care. We consider it promising to study the peculiarities of charitable organizations in different regions of Ukraine.

Key words: charity, benevolence, charitable foundation, education, healthcare, social sphere, Ivano-Frankivsk.

Introduction of the issue

public charity ivano-frankivsk

Charity in Ukraine is being developed under new conditions now. The pandemic and the Russian-Ukrainian war led to the emergence of new charitable foundations, whereas existing ones outlined new challenges aimed not only at education, health, science, culture, art, motherhood, and childhood but at helping internally displaced persons.

Current state of the issue. A review of scientific and methodological literature proves the fact that at the present stage the phenomenon of charity has been studied by scientists in various fields: O. Donik, T. Kurinna, M. Lapina, A. Naradko, R. Serbin studied the origin and development of charity in Ukraine. Charity in the field of history of pedagogy and history of social work is represented by the works of O. Adamenko, L. Vakhovsky, N. Gupan, I. Zvierieva, S. Zolotukhina, G. Laktionova, N. Seiko, O. Sukhomlynska, V. Stynska, S. Kharchenko.

Outline of the unresolved issues brought up in the article. The activity of charitable foundations in Ivano-Frankivsk is partially considered in the works of R. Bigun, O. Buchyk, I. Zavydnyak, M. Zhytnyk, L. Kiyak, O. Oliynyk, O. Pylypiv, L. Trindokhir, at the same time the given problem was not analyzed thoroughly in scientific research. It determines the relevance of the topic of scientific publication.

Aim of the research is to analyze the activities of charitable foundations of Ivano-Frankivsk taken in historical retrospect and at the present stage in the field of education, medicine, and social relations.

Results and discussion

Consider the origins of philanthropy in Ivano-Frankivsk (then Stanislaviv). According to official sources, the charity in Stanislaviv was an integral part of the life of every person who cared about his/her reputation. Compared with modernity, charity work was a must for the city's first ladies. Thus, Maria Kaminska, the wife of the mayor Ignatius Kaminsky, was the patroness of the amateur theater society, which staged charitable performances (one of these performances took place in March 1875), and the income was given to the poor [1].

One of the important stages of charity in Stanislaviv was court balls (since 1878) regularly organized, the raised money was transferred to Kraszewski School - a kind of boarding school, where children from villages lived and studied.

There were numerous charitable organizations in the city: the Abraham Halpern Orphanage (November 22, 1885); the care home for the elderly and disabled (1900). The care home welcomed the elderly people, terminally ill men and women of all nationalities and religions, but only those who belonged to the Stanislaviv community. The establishment was exemplary and clean and had everything necessary for life to make the patients feel comfortable. Catholic patients could visit the chapel, and Jews had a special hall for praying. Charitable organization - Brother Albert's shelter fed, clothed, and provided a bed for the needy free of charge; an orphanage for boys named after Isakovych and a similar institution for ladies under the leadership of Ms. Mrochkovska. Charitable organizations - a women's society that cared for orphans; Organization of St. Vincent and Paul, which helped poor families; Organization of Public Education and others. It should be noted that all institutions mostly existed due to private donations [15].

The city's Charitable organizations often organized exhibitions or fairs (1902), accompanied by certain entertainments. They usually took place in the theater hall or the Sokil Society, the money raised was given to charity.

Remarkable event was organized by the local women's organization (November 1903), which cared for orphans. According to the press, almost all residents of Stanislaviv visited it. The success was due to a loud advertising campaign, the great popularity of the organization, but above all due to an interesting and creative program. In particular, the fair included a beauty contest, a humorous "ugliness contest", a competition for the best wit, "flirting school" lessons, and a charity lottery.

There was a tradition of making donations to charity on the occasion of some important events or anniversaries, in particular the owner of a famous boutique for women Vladislav Lievak (1908) repeatedly made donations to the Society of Rusky Ladies and other charities.

An important charity dance evening was organized by the Society of Christian Ladies (1910), which aimed at raising money for a shelter for single women.

The introduction of a coupon campaign (1911) was one of Stanislaviv's charities. It aimed to help the Ukrainian People's Society. The shop or restaurant received charity coupons, and activists placed them not only in institutions owned by Ukrainians but also by Jews and Poles. Each customer who wished to join the charitable activity was asked to write down the amount of money he paid for goods or services on the coupon. Later, a representative of the charity visited these institutions and received a certain percentage of each coupon from the specified amount (usually 2 %). Such coupons could be obtained in many famous shops in the city.

One of the oldest charitable initiatives of the interwar Stanislaviv (the 1920s - 1930s) was "the Bread for Hungry Children" Society, whose members, thanks to their great activity and interesting charity events (such as "Chocolate of Happiness"), donated all their income to orphanages.

Among the great variety of charities, the most famous was "Folk Kitchen", which was supported by a few volunteers, but later an influential patron, Sabina Khovanets, the mother of the Khovants brothers, who owned a printing house and a large townhouse in the city center. "Folk Kitchen" took care of the city's poorest residents, giving free about 300 lunches a day.

An important event of charitable activity during World War II (1939-1945) was the emergence of the Ukrainian Red Cross and Red Crescent, coordinated by L. Karbach. The Ukrainian Red Cross dealt with the mobility of released prisoners, as well as equipped points and shelters for medical check-ups, medical care, and food [3].

Attention should be paid to the founding of the Ukrainian Students Charitable Foundation (1942), thanks to it, representatives of the future intellectual elite (priests, doctors, lawyers, judges, engineers, etc.) received higher professional qualifications. Thanks to the charitable funds raised, the Committee for

Assistance to Ukrainian Students awarded 171 scholarships to students.

As we can see, charity was not a formality for our predecessors, but a sincere conviction, because they put their souls into charity.

According to V. Stynska's research [18], during the Soviet era charity did not develop at all: the concept of "charitable organizations" was replaced by "voluntary societies", which provided charitable assistance only to the founders and members of the certain society. National legislation to regulate philanthropic relations began to take shape only in 1991. The first document initiating the creation of charitable organizations in the form of public organizations was the Law of Ukraine "On Associations of Citizens", adopted in June 1992. However, the Law the legal peculiarities of the establishment and activity of charitable organizations were not written out, which led to the adoption in October 1992 of the Resolution of the Presidium of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (VRU) "On Charitable Funds", according to which the Verkhovna Rada was to prepare a draft law on charitable foundations, and the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine (CMU) - temporary rules for registration of charitable foundations. However, according to I. Zavydniak, the Temporary Rules were approved only on October 6, 1994, and the Law on Charitable Foundations was not enacted at all.

Legislative documents that gave impetus for the development of charity in independent Ukraine were the Law of Ukraine "On Charity and Charitable Organizations" (1997) [9] and the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers "On Regulations on State Registration of Charitable Organizations" (1998).

The main principles (legal, organizational, social) of receiving, providing, registering, distributing, and control over the targeted use of humanitarian aid were defined by the Law of Ukraine "On Humanitarian Aid", adopted in October 1999.

Issues of creating conditions that would promote philanthropy and revive the traditions of patronage in the spiritual life of the people were periodically outlined in various legal documents: the President's order "On promoting charitable activities in Ukraine" (2000); in the draft laws: "On Amendments to Certain Laws of Ukraine on Charitable Activity" (2005), "On Amendments to Certain Laws of Ukraine on State Support of Charity (Patronage)" (2005); in normative legal acts that directly regulate this activity: Laws of Ukraine "On Taxation of Enterprise Profits" (1997), "On Personal Income Tax" (2004), etc.

The defining normative legal act regulating the basic principles of charitable activity at the present stage is the Law of Ukraine "On Charitable Activities and Charitable Organizations". In the new version dated July 5, 2012, № 507, the notions of "charitable foundation" and "public organization" are distinguished; new terminology was introduced (charitable grant, charitable easement, charitable endowment); the sphere of charitable activity was expanded; the right of the philanthropist to control the intended use of the charitable donation is legalized. It was this law that regulated the basic provisions of charitable foundations, which began to grow rapidly during independent Ukraine. Thus, in 1990 the judicial authorities of the Ivano-Frankivsk region registered 94 charitable foundations, in 2000 their number was 679, and in 2021 it reached 956 [19]. The largest share of charitable foundations in the Ivano- Frankivsk region is educational, medical, and social. Consider them in more detail.

Among the educational charitable foundations, the most remarkable is the activity of the following: "Education of Ivano-Frankivsk", "My University", "INTEGRO" and others.

The mission of the Charitable Foundation "Education of Ivano-Frankivsk" [4], founded by T. Boychuk in 2007, is to train coaches and educators to use innovative learning technologies in working with children.

The main task of the charity fund "My University" [5], registered by O. Dzoba in 2013 is to provide services in the field of vocational training: organization and holding international scientific and practical conferences.

Among the educational charity of the Ivano-Frankivsk region, the "INTEGRO" Charitable Foundation [17] deserves attention, the founder is N. Chaplynska. In 2015, one of the main projects of the Foundation is the "School of Leadership" - a social project "Ticket to Success" whose mission is to form a new generation of leaders through the involvement of adolescents and youth in social and leadership projects based on personal ethics and social responsibility.

Thus, charitable foundations in the field of education are established to provide the following services: educational, advisory, prognostic, organizational, etc.

An important mission in the Ivano- Frankivsk region is given to social charitable foundations, namely: Mother Teresa Charitable Foundation for the Terminally Ill, the St. Panteleimon Charitable Foundation of the Palliative Care Center, the Caritas Ivano-Frankivsk UGCC, Charitable Foundation, the "Pure Heart", Charitable Foundation "Indifferent", Charitable Foundation "Time of Goodness and Mercy", as well as religious social foundations "Community of St. Egidius", "Maltese Aid Service", Charitable Christian Foundation "Solidarity". We describe the activities of some of them.

"The Caritas Ivano-Frankivsk UGCC" Charitable Foundation (1991) [13] is one of the largest international networks of charitable organizations in the world and Europe. The main mission of the fund is aimed at:

- assistance to the elderly and seriously ill;

- work with families with children and young people in difficult life situations; providing pedagogical support to HIV- infected children;

- assistance to people with disabilities (youth);

- charity canteen for single people, people with disabilities, homeless people, children from large families, and low- income families;

- annual charity event "First Schoolbag".

The Regional Charitable Organization Malteser Ukraine [11], whose main task is to care for the sick and needy, was founded in Ukraine in December 1990 with a focal point in Lviv, and in 1996 - in the city of Ivano-Frankivsk. Today Malteser Ukraine has a developed structure, with more than 300 volunteers. The volunteer organization supports orphans, people with disabilities; provides humanitarian assistance in case of natural disasters (food, baby food, medicines, necessities, toys, clothes, etc.); organizes camps, cooking to provide mass events and the needy (project "Food on wheels"); conducting first aid courses.

"Solidarity" Christian Charitable Foundation (1998) [6] cares for persons deprived of their liberty, socially vulnerable groups (drug addicts, alcoholics, HIV-infected, AIDS patients, the mentally ill, and the homeless). The Christian Charitable Foundation protects their legal interests at the level of local governments and public authorities, as well as aims to provide psychological and social support to these categories of citizens and their families. With the help of the foundation's volunteers, legal advice, education (organization of training sessions for young people and schoolchildren on drug, alcoholism, HIV / AIDS prevention) and informational (free computer classes for the unemployed, orphans, disabled), etc. are provided.

"Mother Teresa" is a charitable fund with the main task to help the terminally ill, established in 2000 [12]. It deals with developing the hospice service network in the Ivano-Frankivsk region (Visiting Hospice Advisory Service "Home Hospice", "First Children's Hospice", palliative care departments in the Carpathians); organization of various assistance for the hospice in Ivano-Frankivsk (methodological, scientific, material, financial, etc.); providing medical, psychological, social care to patients in the terminal stage of cancer and other diseases; organization of training for staff and volunteers on the care of the seriously ill.

The religious community, which represents the worldviews and ideologies of different religions, is also involved in charitable activities. In particular, it is the Community of St. Egidius [16] - a worldwide Catholic organization, established in Rome in 1968 thanks to the initiative of A. Riccardi, which began operations in Ivano-Frankivsk in 2003. This community is based on serving the elderly, the poor, and the homeless.

"Pure Heart" Charitable Foundation [7] was founded on February 4, 2013, initially under the name "Renaissance of Prykarpattia", and in 2016 was renamed the Pure Heart Charitable Foundation.

Over the years, the Foundation's team led by K. Buzhynska has implemented several international social projects, including:

- Summer holidays in Hungary for children (internally displaced persons, from low-income and large families, gifted children) from different regions of Ukraine (2014-2017);

- International social project "Children for World Peace", thanks to which children were able to visit 35 countries as young ambassadors. As part of the project, children from around the world placed pigeons of peace with their wishes on the map of their country and passed the baton and peace map to the next country and Ukraine; had the honor of attending the Pope's reception at the Vatican and praying for peace in Ukraine. After the completion of the project, an exclusive postage stamp with the logo of the international social project "Children for Peace around the World" was issued;

- International social project "Book of Good", brought together thousands of children and adults with a common goal - to find unique stories of good in all its manifestations. As a result of the Book of Good project, the best stories and illustrations about good were selected and published in a book, which will later be transferred to libraries and general education institutions in the regional centers of Ukraine.

Based on the Foundation, cooperation has been organized with partner foundations and philanthropists who provide humanitarian aid to the war zone and IDPs who have moved from the hot spots of Ukraine to the Ivano-Frankivsk region.

Among the charitable foundations of social orientation, the Charitable Foundation "Nebaiduzhi (Not Indifferent)" (2018) [8], the founder is R. Martyniuk, should be given great respect. The main focus of the fund is to collect and sort clothes, shoes, and toys, which will later be sent to boarding schools and orphanages, sometimes to families in need.

"Not Indifferent" helped: Pogonsky Psychoneurological Boarding School, Bohorodchany Boarding School, Korshiv Geriatric Boarding House, Dolyna District Association of the Disabled "Goodness and Mercy (Dobrota ta myloserdia)", Territorial Center for Social Services of Dolyna District, etc.

The Charitable Foundation "Time for Goodness and Mercy (Chas dobra i myloserdia)", which was founded on January 3, 2019, aims at social equalization and overcoming stratification among the population [9]. The charity fund provides volunteer assistance (fundraising for treatment) to the population of the Ivano-Frankivsk region - single mothers, families with children in critical situations and below the poverty line, orphans, and children with special educational needs. The focus of the foundation is to create a "Mother and Child House" in Ivano-Frankivsk - a home for women at risk of violence in their own families, as well as for single and underage mothers who are on the poverty line.

With the beginning of the full-scale Russian-Ukrainian war at the Ivano- Frankivsk City Council, the "My City is Ivano-Frankivsk (Moie Misto Ivano- Frankivsk" Charitable Foundation was established, headed by S. Obidnyak. The

organization aims at raising funds to meet the needs of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and territorial defense. The lion's share of the money is spent on cloth, tailoring, camouflage, military uniforms, medical bags, sleeping bags, etc.

Thus, charitable foundations in the social sphere focus on such types of services as care, information, advisory, legal, humanitarian/financial/material assistance, etc.

The charitable medical foundations of Ivano-Frankivsk, such as "Ivano- Frankivsk Regional Clinical Center for Palliative Care IF Hospice", Charitable Foundation "You are Angel (Ty angel)", Charitable Foundation "Always with You (Zavzhdy z toboiu)" should be given great respect.

"Ivano-Frankivsk Regional Clinical Center for Palliative Care IF Hospice" (August 15, 1997) [14] - a hospital providing medical care to terminally ill patients, free counseling, special care, and specialized medical care in hospital and at home ("Hospice at home") patients according to the profile of the disease; providing legal advice; training of relatives of hospitalized patients in the skills of caring for the seriously ill; providing psychological support to hospice patients and their relatives during the loss of a loved one, etc.

"You are Angel" [10] is a new era in the charity of the Ivano-Frankivsk region. It was founded on August 21, 2016, by

V. Sabat. First, the fund's activities aimed at raising funds and helping children with cancer, and later the charitable foundation focuses on helping orphans and children in orphanages.

Thanks to the efforts of the "You Angel" Charitable Foundation, several projects have been implemented, namely:

- rehabilitation in summer camps for orphans, where you can get not only quality recreation but also educational services for non-formal education through training, seminars, workshops (projects "Apitherapy for orphans", "Angel's House", "Christmas together with children", "Winter vacation", "Teach orphans independence", "School of angels");

- installation of a "Playground" where children from all over the region are treated (projects "Playground - a step towards children's dreams", "Happy bed - happy children", "No reason to give up children's dreams", "History of one light bulb") ;

- organization of pilot support for children with special needs (cerebral palsy). In particular, in the Dolyna orphanage "Warm House" the foundation plans to open an office for hydrotherapy (jacuzzi) and physical rehabilitation. At the Ivano-Frankivsk Center for Social and Psychological Rehabilitation, the charity fund is working to create a sensory room (projects "Room that inspires life", "Sweet dreams for little dreamers", and other types of help).

Thus, charitable foundations in the field of medicine are established to provide the following types of services: legal advice, pilot support, psychological and pedagogical assistance, financial assistance (fundraising for treatment), etc.

Conclusions and research perspectives. Taking into account all analyzed above, we can conclude that the activities of charitable foundations of the Ivano-Frankivsk region, which date back to the 19-th century, are diverse (educational, medical, social).

The 21-th century is marked by the beginning of the rapid development of charitable foundations in Ukraine, including in the Ivano-Frankivsk region. Charitable foundations are established to provide the following types of services: educational, advisory, prognostic, organizational, educational (in the field of education); care, information and advisory, legal, humanitarian/financial/material assistance (in the social sphere); legal consultations, pilot support, psychological and pedagogical assistance, financial assistance (fundraising for treatment, etc.) in the field of medicine.

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