Descendents of baltic families among the Katerynoslav nobility in the end of XVIII - beginning XX century

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DESCENDENTS OF BALTIC FAMILIES AMONG THE KATERYNOSLAV

Nobility in the end of xviii - beginning xx century

Ihor Kocherhin

The Katerynoslav nobility as a distinct community began to form at the turn of XVIII-XIX century. It was formed on the basis of multi-ethnic alien element, which had no stable relations with regional (national) tradition. There were descendents of Ukrainian Cossack, Russian, Moldavian, Georgian, Serbian, Tartar and other noble families. Among them was another one group, which went out of the Baltic lands. financial government charity nobleman

First of all, the percentage of Katerynoslav nobles, who had Baltic origin, was inconsiderable. Secondly, all of these families got to the Baltic lands from different European counties: German douches, Switzerland and Hungary. The first ancestor of Ascheberg, Fittinghoff and Korf families came from Westphalia [11, c. 363; 15, c. 241; 22; 24]; Pfeilitzer-Frank - came from Franconia [21, c. 858]; Hahn - came from Saxony [11, c. 432]; Bellingshausen - came from Schleswig-Holstein [25, p. 460]; Helmersen - came from Hamburg [20, c. 288; 23]. The Ungern-Sternberg family came from Franconia and after that moved to Hungary [9, c. 157; 11, c. 417;]. The Engelhard family came from Switzerland [15, c. 222].

The main part of Katerynoslav nobility of Baltic origin had ancestors in Lifland, Courland, Estland: Ascheberg, Korf, Pfeilitzer-Frank, Hahn - Courland [11, c. 432; 13, c. 195; 16, л. 17 об.; 18, л. 36 зв.-38; 19, c. 198; 21, c. 858]; Bellingshausen, Helmersen, Engelhard - Lifland [15, c. 222; 19, c. 199; 20, c. 288]; Ungern-Sternberg - Lifland and Estland [9, c. 158]; Fittinghoff - Estland [15, c. 218].

We don't know from what counties came to Baltic lands three families: Pole, Schwarz and Mark. The homeland of Pole located in Krekenava town in Panevezys district municipality [17, л. 172]; the Schwarz family lived in Courland [18, л. 60 зв.- 61], Mark belonged to Ostsee nobility. It is unknown from what Baltic province the Mark came.

All of noble families bought their estates in Katerynoslav province in XIX century, except Pole and Engelhard, who got land in Verhniodniprovsk region in the end of XVIII century (I. Pole thanks to military service, the V. Engelhard thanks to his uncle prince G.O. Potomkin.

The majority of noble family belonged to rich nobility, because of they own more than 1 000 hectares of the land in Bahmut, Verniodniprovsk, Nowomoskovsk, Slovianoserbsk regions, except Bellingshausen and Helmersen families, that own only several hundred hectares.

All noble families listed above were the active participants of Katerynoslav Noble Assembly. Katerynoslav Noble assembly did not become a place of concentrated forces for retaining the positions of nobility in the new social, economic, and political conditions of post-reform Russia. During the period, covered by the article, only about two hundred people served as the permanent members of the estate organization while the nobility of Katerynoslav countered more than thousands. Many of noblemen wit h Baltic origins were the heads in provincial or regional Noble Assembly: Pfeilitzer- Frank Fedir Yermolaievych (1776-1857) was the head of Katerynoslav nobility during 1838-1851 [10, с. 239]; Mark Emmauil Ivanovych (1771-?) headed nobility of Oleksanrivsk region in 1806-1815 [12, арк. 5546]; Fittinghoff Adam Oleksandrovych (?-?) was the head of nobility in Bahmut region in 1851-1858 [1 с. 42; 2 с. 42; 3 с. 43; 4 с. 45; 5 с. 43; 6 с. 43; 7 с. 43; 8 с. 48]; Hahn Oleksii Oleksandrovych (1828-?) was the head of nobility of Nowomoskovsk region in 1867-1868 [14, с. 470]; Bellingshausen Petro Fedorovych (1822-1896) served as the head of nobility of Nowomoskovsk region in 1896-1897 [14, с. 470].

Majority noblemen took active part in reforms of Russian imperators Alexander II and Alexander III: peasant (rural 1861), zems'ka (1864), judacal (1864) reforms and zems'ka counter-reform (1889). Landed nobility could not stop the emancipation process, because it could lead to confrontation with the authorities. Therefore, they decided to take that process under control.

For example, Pole Olexander Mykolaiovych (1832-1890) - the most important figure among Katerynoslav nobility, active participants of rural reform, took part in local self-government (zemstwo), served as judge in Community court, and gave the start the industrial development of Katerynoslav region in the third part of XIX century. Korf Mykola Oleksandrovych (1834-1883) active participants of rural reform took part in local self-government (zemstwo), founder and organizer of middle school system in Katerynoslav province in 1860-1880. Bellingshausen Mykola Petrovych (1855-1899) took part in local self-government (zemstwo), hired a post land captain in Nowomoskovsk region in 1892. Hahn Oleksiy Oleksandrovych (1828-?) took part in local self-government (zemstwo). Helmersen Mykhaylo Venedyktovych (?-?) took part in local self-government (zemstwo), served as a land captain in Mariupol region in 1890-1899. Fittinghoff Adam Oleksandrovych (?-?) active participants of rural reform, took part in local self-government (zemstwo). Ungern-Sternberg Mykhaylo Adolfovych (1870-1904) took part in local self-government (zemstwo), served as a land-captain in Slovianoserbsk region in 1900-1904. Schwarz Volodymyr Adamovych (1825-?) active participants of rural reform, served as helper of Conciliator, took part in local self-government (zemstwo), was a judge of Community Court in Oleksandrivsk region. Mark Mykola Kostiantynovych (1831-1906) was a judge of

Community Court in Oleksandrivsk region, took part in local self-government (zemstwo).

It needs to say, that nobleman, who served as Conciliator or Land Captain eager to feel his significance in the life of the rural community again.

The attitude of the nobility to activities in zemstwo had another motivation. Katerynoslav nobles felt themselves to be significant, because zemstwo institutions facilitated the problems solving in the socio-economic and socio-cultural areas. As a rule the nobles with Baltic origins has own opinion about development of zemstwo self-government, that separated them from majority of Katerynoslav nobility. They were more independent in their thoughts, persistent on their own position. They offer original ideas for improvement the position of nobility and other social groups of society.

Thus, the majority descendents of Baltic families have appeared in Katerynoslav province during XIX century and didn't take part in Russian colonization of Southern Ukraine. Nevertheless, they were the great landowners, except two families. They all took active participation in noble and zemstwo self-government. Important areas where the nobles had direct concerning were charity and education. For instance, O. Pole, M. Korf, O. Engelhard were the school curator. They were giving out considerable funds for the construction of schools, providing scholarships for children of nobles and material and moral support to the educational institutions of the Katerynoslav province.

The service for the state and society by nobles was construed as important components of their lives. The institutes of conciliators, mediation court and land captains were not only a place of service for members of the higher estate, but the place, where they could apply their energy and strength with an attempt to do something useful for the citizens of the province and of the whole country

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Abstract

There is the impact of descendents of Baltic families on development of Katerynoslav nobility in the end of XVIII - beginningXX century is investigated in this article. There are origin, financial position, service in noble and zemstwo selfgovernment and charity of nobleman is discovered in this article. There are only twelve noble families is analyzed.

Key words: nobility, Baltic lands, Katerynoslav province Noble Assembly, zemstwo, Conciliator, judge of Community Court, Land Captain.

Ключові слова: дворянство, Прибалтика, Катеринославська губернія, дворянське зібрання, земство, мировий посередник, мировий суддя, земський начальник.

В данной статье исследуется влияние потомков прибалтийских родов на развитие Екатеринославского дворянства в конце XVIII - начале ХХ века. В публикации раскрывается происхождение, материальное положение, служба в дворянском и земском самоуправлении и благотворительность дворянства. Анализируется только двенадцать дворянских семей. Впрочем, такого количества достаточно, чтобы сделать выводы о роли дворян, которые происходили из Курляндии, Лифляндии и Эстляндии. Особое внимание уделено тому, откуда эти роды попали на территорию Прибалтики. Приводятся короткие сведения о наиболее ярких представителях прибалтийских дворянских родов. Дается характеристика их общественной деятельности.

Ключевые слова: дворянство, Прибалтика, Екатеринославская губерния, дворянское собрание, земство, мировой посредник, мировой судья, земский начальник

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