St. Nicholas Church Quay

Размещено на http://www.allbest.ru/

St. Nicholas Church Quay

Denisov A.G.

According to legend, when the Oka River in Murom was a wooden palace of Ivan the Terrible, for exactly the same spot where now stands the Church of St. Nicholas Embankment (also often referred to as the Church of St. Nicholas Wet).

The church was built at the beginning of the XVIII century on donations priest Dmitry Hristoforova who wanted thus to perpetuate the memory of his father who once served here in a wooden church.

Initially, the church was small - only the main building in a quadrangular, surmounted by five domes (1714), which by 1717 was finished and consecrated. More than a hundred years later, in the XIX century, the church bell tower was added, and the refectory.

The appearance of the church, overlooking the Oka draws attention - a bright and highly visible - bright yellow facades that look great not only on the part of the river, but Murom City Garden.

The modest interior of the church is striking for its simplicity and elegance - false zakomary decorating drums, the central of which is light and delicate carved frieze perfectly in tune with bulbous heads, crowning temple. Octagonal bell tower was added, bunk, topped with a cupola. Broad and seemingly massive refectory facilitated a number of windows, decorated with carved frames.

Ancient carved iconostasis, which at his age is not much younger than the church itself, in 1717 was decorated with icons of the famous icon painter Alexander Kazantsev, who wrote to the church twelve icons of the Sibyls - prophetess, who had predicted the imminent birth of Jesus Christ. Before the revolution, the church was decorated with richly carved baroque, lined with gold leaf. In Soviet times, in 1940, the church was closed and looted. It saved a few icons that were moved to the museum.

In the temple, in all this time of oblivion and neglect miraculously survived iconostasis, which after the return of the faithful church in 1992, after the restoration of light shines again as before. Currently, the temple restored it go and worship as before crowning a high bank of the Oka.

On the high bank of the Oka is a unique church built in honor of St. Nicholas. Nikolo- embankment church stands on the waterfront terrace of the Oka and its location is called "Embankment" Nicholas. In Soviet times, in the thirties, the church was closed and returned to the Vladimir diocese in 1991. The date of construction of the church are considered to be 1700-1714 years old, at that time in place of the old wooden church was erected a stone church. Construction of the church is associated with the name of Ivan the Terrible. The church was founded in the days when Ivan was in Murom, while Kazan campaign.

The church was erected right in front of the king's house. In the records of hundreds of books in 1574 indicated that stood against the church and the upper chamber povalushi, the royal court. In the year drawing hundreds of books a large portion of the buildings have been dilapidated, lived in the Prince's court wipers. Like all churches, based kings, St. Nicholas Church did not give attention to the royal family at all times. In particular, Mikhail Fedorovich granted church bortnye fish and land on the Oka River. history church soviet

Church of St. Nicholas the waterfront, or as it is called Nikola Wet, described in detail in Bartenevskoy inventory in 1637. The temple was built outside the city, with the talus on the river bank. In those days the church was at the end of Pushkarskaya street. In the temple there are two chapels dedicated to Theodore and saints Cosmas and St. Damian. Reading Bartenevskuyu inventory can be assessed and interior of the church at that time. Mainly St. Nicholas the Wonderworker was in a silver frame and gilded. Icons included several images at the edges - the All-Merciful Saviour, the Blessed Virgin, also with silver crowns.

Mentioned in the inventory of the local image of the Blessed Virgin Protectress, the crown SILVER Basma with pearls. The image of St. Nicholas, surrounded by basma silver crown and basma hryvnia. At the traditional prazeleni it was written by the great icon of the Prophet Elijah, saints and martyrs Frol Lavra, the image of the Blessed Virgin Mary of the Incarnation. Before the images were eleven candlesticks probably also silver. Icons of the king's gate, columns and altar of Alatri also wrote on prazeleni. Among other icons icon of Virgin Mary is mentioned on prazeleni, with a crown and two silver hryvnya. Crockery altar for the celebration of the sacraments in the church was tin, copper one Exaltation Cross, another - silvered.

The Church of St. Nicholas Wet was enough consecrated books is of great value in those days. Almost all mentioned in Bartenevskoy inventory books were handwritten. Inventory refers to the Gospel, two ohtaya, lean color and triode, the prologue, the book of St. John Chrysostom. From printed books kept in the temple the Apostle, office and Menaion total.

Next Bartenevskaya inventory goes to the temple chapels. The main chapel Theodore icon on a board with the name of St. Great Martyr Irene contains an icon written in prazeleni. On gold image of the Blessed Virgin with Saints. The second chapel, dedicated to Kozma and Damian kept my name on an icon of the Holy prazeleni with a silver frame and silver crowns the hryvnia. Lists and other major icons of the chapel - the Blessed Virgin Mary, Archangel Michael. Both icons on prazeleni, with a silver crown and the hryvnia.

In addition to chapels, inventory Bartenev says warm wooden church "solovetskih chiefs Zosima and Savate." It also is an icon appearing in the inventory - a local image of the holy, and Savate Izosimov written in prazeleni, Royal Doors golden writings Throne and the usual icons Virgin Mary on prazeleni. The bell tower of the temple contains six bells, with a total weight exceeding twenty pounds. Inventory stresses that image svei, books, vestments and the very structure of the church dedicated to the bright blessed memory of Ivan, Tsar and Grand Prince of All Russia.

Land plot belonging to the church, was a length of almost 21 fathoms, and a width of about 16. At the same land is situated and the church cemetery. In addition, according to the inventory, into the possession of the church courtyard entrance Taraseva Stephen, a twenty-two fathoms in length and width of nineteen. At the time of the inventory of the temple served as a priest Nikifor Ivanov. His site, along with the court to win Andrei Sokov site Pushkarsky yard was almost thirtytwo fathoms, and lasted until polednie mountains. The width of the area was uneven, at its narrowest width is seven fathoms, in broad - eleven. On the priest's courtyard and the church land were cells for bachelors - landless and widows. Inventory in detail lists the names of all those who lived in the cells at the time of preparation. In addition, the land is located on the church and cells for wandering monks and novices. All under the cell was allotted a plot of land, the length of which was 56 yards, and the width of 6 yards. Those who have lived in the cells were paying dues for the benefit of priests and Stephen Nikifor, which stood polpoltiny each cell for a year. The total amount of dues was 2 rubles, 2 and 8 Altyn dengue.

According to the decree of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich to the church owned a lot of land allotment in Murom uezde.Sredi them Belovoscha lake, along the river that forms it, three small lakes - licorice Stoporko and Kalinko, lake and river Kolodivoe Kalinka and unnamed lake together Source is above the Oka, opposite the village Kazneva. Preserved sovereign diploma, confirmed postscript clerk Pahareva porphyria, which lists all full of water, river and lake, belonging to the church of St. Nicholas Wet. Annual dues collected for these lands was about twenty rubles.

Also Bartenevskoy inventory is still quite a lot of documents describing the church, its property and parish. So, in the tax books for 1676 we find information about the church Nicholas waterfront - Courtyard Flora priest, the priest Christopher yard and the yard thirty-three townspeople parish. In addition to the parish consisted of three Pushkarsky two bobylskih and one Boyarsky Dvor, a living there as a janitor. In those books contains half of the lake Belovoscha five fuses lakes and ten Bortnychi land.

Construction of the stone church was started in 1700. In place of the old wooden church of the Moscow priest Dmitry Khristophorov of the Church of the

Resurrection began construction of a new stone church. According to one version historians Dmitry Khristophorov was the son of a father of Christopher, a former rector of the church of St. Nicholas in 1676. Detailed records of all stages of the construction of the temple preserved in the choir of the church to this day. Detailed chronology of the construction shows how to build and was preparing for church activities - in 1707 was discharged blessed diploma Patriarchate to 1714 over the iconostasis, the icons were painted and consecrated in 1715, goldplated iconostasis was imposed in 1716. The last entry in the choir, dedicated to construction and consecration of the church with regard to the blessing of Metropolitan of Ryazan, the Right Reverend Stephen in 1717.

Up to the present day appearance of the church came unchanged. Crown the building five goals. Separately serve the three semi-circular ledge of the altar. The windows of the church are large, double-height. In general, the temple was being built virtually on the same architectural design as most of the churches of the seventeenth century Murom.

Later the temple was repeatedly frustrated by increasing its size. In 1803, to the main building was added stone meal, and later it created a separate throne of the

Descent of the Holy Spirit. The throne was named in honor of preexisting below St. Nicholas Church at Oka. On this church almost did not survive reliable information is obviously only that its date of construction more than at Bartenevskoy inventory, the most complete document of the time.

Next there was a reorganization of the church in 1847. Greatly expanded meal, it set up a chapel in the name of the martyr Blasius. Holy, who became the patron saint of the parish, was also regarded as the patron saint of cattle, and the bulk of Murom parishioners Nicholas Naberezhny engaged in trade in cattle.

Initial cold temple completely preserved its original interior equipment and decoration. And today the church is the same iconostasis, with its original gilding, albeit badly tarnished, but retained its former glory. For a long time the church is planning to update the iconostasis and individual icons, but still means it is not enough. Very interesting buildings preserved from the church, signed picture sibyls in the choir. On each of the choir depicts six sibyls. Here are the texts of signatures on their images.

The names and descriptions of the Sibyls to the right of the choir. First is the Peach, wearing a green robe with a white shawl on the shoulders. The second Sibyl named Gyrbutina dressed in red with a head covered with goat skin, prophesied for 19 years before Christ. The third Europe, dressed in colorful clothes. Fourth is Shemya, dressed in colorful clothes and carrying a naked sword. Fifth Elektriana, with a good image and dressed in red. The last displayed Origiyatl, old face.

On the left the choir were painted following Sibyl. Delfika, with a horn in his hands and red robes. Angifabo, middle-aged, dressed in a pink robe and carrying, as a symbol of repentance, in the left hand color. Next comes Elipostenka Bistranskih of land. Behind her is the picture Demofifilki carrying a white handkerchief on his head and dressed in a color. The penultimate displayed Hivika, with her hair in a blue chasuble. Rounding Lubikar Sibyl, a leafy crown, full of joy and always laughing, which symbolizes the coming of the kingdom of heaven.

Central is not the only decoration of the iconostasis of the church, preserved from ancient times. The ancient icon of St. Nicholas particularly revered by locals and is considered the creative miracles. It is impossible not to pay attention to carving Mozhaiskogo Nicholas. The image of the saint with a silver miter, gilded and decorated with rhinestones, silver riza same. The most valuable is its ornaments icon of Holy Virgin. Silver robe richly decorated with precious stones.

In the church of Nicholas kept the two Gospels, printed in 1698. These Gospel altar and lined with silver-gilt boards. Altar cross hammered in 1698 is made of silver. Dimitri From Hristoforova preserved gold-plated church vessels included in the composition of the utensils of the temple in 1717.

Dmitry Khristophorov also brought to the temple several church consecrated books. Among them, printed in 1704, and in 1705 the Saints month and several other books. The tax books contain information about the content of the priest and the sacristan, who served in the temple. Prichtovy capital and performance requires the faithful bring the temple 525 rubles per year. A total of 379 Orthodox parish was part of urban residents, 194 of them are male and 185 - women.

Размещено на Allbest.ru