The history of technology education of Finland in the context of the development of europeanness of ukrainian studyng youth

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The history of technology education of Finland in the context of the development of Europeanness of ukrainian studyng youth

The constantly increasing interconnection between countries and peoples is one of the distinctive features of the modern world, which enhances the development of processes of integration and globalization and naturally causes a growing interest in the study of international experience in various areas of social life, culture, education and others.

After Ukraine gained independence, together with increasing recognition of national identity and general cultural European heritage, the desire to integrate into the common European space and sense of undeniable closeness to European culture have appeared in most of the Ukrainian population.

In Europe, the quality of education is a matter of national importance and a prerequisite for social stability. High level of knowledge and skills is considered an essential condition for job security of people and their active civic stand, which is certainly confirmed by the history of the preparation of the younger generation to future working life in the school setting [1].

However, we can say there are big problems in providing of the European integration processes in the economy, politics and other institutions in Ukraine. With regard to education, today characteristic feature of the educational models in Europe is withdrawal from closed schools, which are limited by purely national framework. Modern educational strategy of the Council of Europe is based on the idea of common European house where Europe is seen as a community of common spiritual values and cultural heritage. This should be taken into account in the reform of Ukrainian education.

The purpose of the presented paper is to show the possibilities to use the scientific potential of Finnish technology education history with the purpose to form and further develop the europeannes of Ukrainian schoolchildren and students in process of their labor and vocational training.

Today, craft education continues to be an independent and a favorite subject of most Finnish pupils. Problems of the subject are constantly under review of not only such outstanding foreign educators and researchers as A. Alamaki, O. Autio, K. Borg, T. Kananoja, J. Kantola, P. Kankare, Р. Kansanen, M. Johansson, J. Levonen, M. Lehtonen, M. Lind,

M.Lindfors, L. Lindstrom, Y. Masuda, А. Mikkelsen, L. Moreno, J. Peltonen, А. Rasinen, H. Reincke, H. Thorbjornsson, G. Thorsteinsson, but also the interested public. Research and theoretical basis and development of training for prospective technology teachers that takes into account practical needs of modern society are reflected in the works of ukrainian scientists, including O. Kobernyk, M. Koretz, V. Kuzmenko, L. Ljashenko, V. Madzigon,

N.Slyusarenko, V. Sydorenko, G. Tereshchuk, D. Thorzhevsky, A. Vuchruzh and others.

The following year, all those, who have experienced in their life the positive impact of manual training as a school subject, have the opportunity to appeal to its historical past and present. One hundred and fifty years will estrange us from March 11, 1866, the day when the legislative act in all rural schools in Finland has introduced a compulsory school subject «manual labor» for the first time in the world. At the time «Manual labor» as a special school " subject for European education was introduced with the aim of the harmonious development of mental and physical abilities of pupils and preparation them for future employment. In a short time, it triumphantly quickly entered the schools of Europe and America, thus obtaining international recognition of its educational potential.

It should be noted the presence of historical connection between the establishing processes of labor education in the Nordic countries, the Baltic states and Ukraine. Ukraine, being an active part of the Russian educational space, in the 19th century had common roots with the Russian system of labor training and, therefore, was influenced by Nordic pedagogical ideas about labor training, and especially by Finnish, Swedish and of Denish educators. Reformist ideas of U. Cygnaeus and O. Salomon, through their impact on the Russian system of labor training, have reached the most advanced minds of Ukrainian Pedagogy and formed the basis of future national school of labor and vocational training for school youth. Therefore, we can predict high efficiency using education reform experience of Finland in the study of the history of labor training at secondary and higher schools of Ukraine [3].

Finnish education system is permanently in the center of international attention. This is mainly due to the excellent results that Finnish students demonstrated in the «Program for International Education assessing student achievement» (PISA), according to which Finland is the undisputed world leader since 2000. Thanks to the successful reform process Finnish educational system has become a pioneer among the Nordic countries in building a humane and sustainable information society. This led, for example, to further development of electronic services, cultural and information support to make them easily manageable and safe usable for all people (like using a personal computer and multimedia TV, mobile connection) while remaining embodiment egalitarianism [8].

Considering the pedagogical phenomena of the past in their genesis and evolution of the subject of labor training, it is assumed to give appropriate interpretive support to descriptions and facts which are revealed by research topic. The historical development and integrative means of forming education systems in the Nordic countries took place under the influence of several factors, among which the economic, political, social, and cultural factors were dominating. In practice, it has defined modern trends in technological education and technology teacher training, while maintaining continuity and achievements of past generations [5].

The leading idea of the present study lies in comprehending the theory and practice of technology education in the Nordic countries, where an efficient structural and semantic software of system for training of prospective technology teachers was created. This defined the consideration of aforementioned system from the perspective of the traditional northern European society phenomenon «sloyd» (school subject of technologies), which is an example of dynamic, original and unique educational phenomenon under conditions of a complex, multi-functional, open process of the modernization of higher education in the European educational space. At the same time, the system of prospective teachers training in Nordic countries recently considered by many researchers as a multidimensional education historical and cultural phenomenon that manifests itself in diverse spheres of modern society that develops and has reasons to actively implement in practice of nationals Higher Pedagogical School of the XXI century on the global level and on the levels of national educational systems of different countries [6].

Given that the research is devoted to the scientific analysis of the system of prospective technology teachers training in the Nordic high school, it was the specific idea that the historical process of formation and development of such a system can be understood through the implementation of country-cultural studding (correlation of global education and cultural processes with features of northern European historical and pedagogical process that influenced the formation of educational ideas and worldview positions of manualizm and sloyd) and civilizational (review of world historical pedagogical process with current educational attainment of the Nordic countries in terms of their social and cultural traditions) approachs. And this idea enables to consider the Nordic system of technology teachers training as a historical cultural and educational phenomenon [7].

In this regard, we consider a retrospective of the subject of labor training as an objective historical and cultural component of basic humanistic tradition of foreign education on the one hand and on the other - as a subjective component of content of this tradition in conjunction with the transition from the industrial to the information society, that is the society of knowledge. We believe that from our perspective of researchers in XXI century, the history of labor education can be studied in organic connection with the study of the historical development of the European educational space, taking into account the dynamics of the main spheres of Western and Eastern civilizations and provided the transfer of best achievements on Ukrainian ground [2].

This direction of research will allow to reveal the components in this system, creative implementation of which will enable the system of technology teachers training in Ukraine to integrate successfully into the European and global educational community and will influence positively on the formation of Europeanness in Ukrainian students on the lessons of labor training.

Therefore, the improving of the prospective technology teachers training in Ukraine should be built on new scientifically verified European approaches with the concepts of scientifically-based and practice-oriented education and design-technologies activities. The implementation of such approaches will be predictably successful, if the educational process in the relevant Ukrainian institutions of higher education is based on the active use of factors of advanced teaching experience which we found in scientific sources about the history of labor education in the Republic of Finland.

In order to solve the tasks, set of research methods is used, determining of which is caused by problems and specificity of the established objectives:

- general scientific - analysis, synthesis, comparison and generalization, which require the study of various literary sources of Ukrainian and foreign scholars on the history of subject the labor training;

- theoretical - comparative historical and logical analysis of the theoretical approaches to the problems outlined, structural analysis of educational regulatory documents and psycho-pedagogical and instructional materials, pedagogical program means, practical work of scientists;

- empirical - pedagogical observations, conversations, dialogues, discussions, observations during trips to universities in Finland, where the training of prospective teachers of technology is providing, and also during scientific discourses with colleagues-researches on implementation of the northern European experience in Ukraine.

During the research the following components have been identified and developed:

- the complex theoretical analysis of the history and theory of modern school subject of labor training in the Republic of Finland is carried out;

- analysis of features of the world's best educational systems and methodology of forming innovative approaches to the development of Europeanness in the process of technological education of pupils and students in Ukraine;

- the recommendation for implementation in educational practice of Higher Pedagogical School of Ukraine of the significant elements of the formation and development of technology teachers training system in the Republic of Finland.

Research materials on the history of technology education is scientifically important for educational practice of prospective technology teachers training in Ukraine and can give practical recommendation:

- to suggest for the development and implementation: courses approved by the Ministry of Education «Fundamentals of the theory and methods of teaching technology», «Teaching Methods» Technical types of work «for teaching in higher education; educational and methodical complex, which consists of an instruction book for the preparation of future teachers of technology «General Issues of methods of teaching technologies» and guidelines for the preparation of future teachers of technology (for students and educators); textbook on theory and methods of teaching «Technology»; programs for higher educational institutions «State certification»; systems of control and tests tasks for students. The research materials can be used in scientific methodology to facilitate the process of technology teacher training for work in secondary schools;

- the results of the research can be used in the process of modernization and improvement of Ukrainian theory and methods of teaching technologies. The historical materials on the formation of labor training as a school subject within the formation of a common educational space, such as the idea of multicultural education, humanism, the idea of integration, unification, professionalism, continuing teacher education can be taken into account in the implementation of the concept of modernization of the Ukrainian higher pedagogical education in part of formation of modern European thought of the younger generation under market economy conditions; providing variability, flexibility of educational programs, in developing educational standards;

- research expands the perspective of studying the foreign advanced pedagogical experience in the sphere of functioning of the educational systems of high schools, which contributes to the broad scientific analysis, a deeper understanding and identifying the ways of its creative implementation in practice of the national pedagogical system in part of preparation of prospective teachers of technology;

- the results of research can serve as a theoretical basis, that uses for learning process the historical experience of the technological education of Finland, for the development of the conceptual foundations of planning and implementation of curricula and programs for national pedagogical institutions of higher education which train future teachers of technology;

- possibility to use the research materials in the development of lectures in general pedagogy, comparative education in the research work of graduate students, undergraduates, students in the system of retraining and refresher courses for teacher of technologies.

The history of pedagogy in general and the history of the subject of labor training in particular has gained a huge amount of facts, descriptions, scientific generalizations. However, the status of the history of the subject of labor education of schoolchildren should be determined not only by the fact that it preserves for posterity the totality of significant facts about the education and pedagogical practice, not only because it acts as a branch of science, arranging pedagogical thoughts, ideas, concepts and theory, continuously increasing the foundation of its economic and political future. It is very important that the materials about the history of the «Labor training» subject of schoolchildren would be systematized and clearly presented, on the one hand, by the problems of labor training of young Finnish citizens and their solutions, with which at particular stages of civilizational development Finnish society was facing. On another hand, by scientific task of identifying the ways of updating the identification of consciousness of Ukrainian students through the creative use of the Finnish experience in the field of technology education for conscious formation of their own European identity.

Literature

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4. Comparative study of Nordic teacher-training programmes / Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen. 2009. - 97 p.

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