New data about systemtic composition and stratigraphic distribution of late tournaisian-early visean algae of Donets Basin

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New data about systemtic composition and stratigraphic distribution of late tournaisian-early visean algae of Donets Basin

O. Sukhov'

Institute of Geological Science of NASU

Abstract

The systematic composition of the late Tournaisian-early Visean algal flora of the Donbass has been studied and analyzed. The knowledge about distribution, change of systematic composition, correlative significance and facial timing of fossil calcareous algae at the turn of late Tournai-early Vise for different regions is refined and supplemented. The ontogenetic changes within the genera Palaeoberesellaceae Mamet et Roux have been revealed and its systematic composition have been adjusted.

Keywords'. Lower Carboniferous, Tournaisian stage, Visean stage, calcareous algae, green algae, red algae, algal complex, family Palaeoberesellaceae Mamet et Roux.

Нові дані про систематичний склад та стратиграфічне поширення пізньотурнейських-ранньовізейських водоростей Донбассу

О. Сухов

Інститут геологічних наукНАН України

Вивчено та проаналізовано систематичний склад пізньотурнейської-ранньовізейської альгофлори Донбасу. Уточнено та доповнено пізнання про поширення, зміну систематичного складу, корелятивну значущість та фаціальну приуроченість викопних вапнистих водоростей на рубежі пізнього турне та раннього візе різних регіонів. Виявлено онтогенетичні зміни всередині родини Palaeoberesellaceae та проревізовано її систематичний склад. algae flora calcareous

Ключові слова: турнейський ярус, візейський ярус, вапнисті водорості, зелені водорості, червоні водорості, водоростеві, родина Palaeoberesellaceae Mamet et Roux.

The deposits of the Visean stage of the Lower Carboniferous are of considerable planetary distribution. It was probably the time of the greatest maritime transgression in the Carboniferous time. The rocks are predominantly limestones with limestone clay and sandy outcrops and contain a variety of marine fauna characteristic for the warm seas shelf zone (mosses, corals, krinoids, shellfish, brachiopods, etc.)

Particularly numerous are the findings of various foraminifera and calcareous algae, which play an important role in the formation of biogermic buildups associated with the location of oil and gas fields. Algae also make it possible to determine the age of the rocks and to correlate perennial sediments in other regions. To one degree or another, the issues of systematic and stratigraphical distribution and facial timing of Visean algae are reflected in many articles and monographs by both foreign and Ukrainian authors.

In Donbass, Visean deposits are spread by a narrow strip south of Donetsk in the form of natural deflections in beams and quarries, as well in boreholes.

The review of thin sections from wells 74, 9017 within the state-funded topic 0118U003433 "Substantiation of the boundaries of Paleozoic regional and local units for nextgeneration geographical maps" made it possible to clarify the stratigraphical distribution and systematic position of the calcareous algae of the Late Toumaisian-Early Visean deposits and to make more reliable comparison with the complexes of other coal basins and to clarify their stratigraphical values.

The algal complexes of Late Tournaisian- Early Visean time are largely composed of representatives of fossil organisms, which, to some extent of doubts, placed by the majority of researches to green algae of the family Palaeoberesellaceae Mamet et Roux, which were an important biotic component of shallow water areas of the Late Devonian-Lower Carboniferous Seas. In thin sections, these organisms have the appearance of perforated calcareous tubes often segmented within partitions. The very fact of studying these algae in thin sections led to establishment of an unjustifiable large number of genera and species, complicating their determination and the possibility of correlation of coeval sediments with these organisms. Despite a large number of attempts to classify and revise these groups, their taxonomy is very chaotic. Particularly interesting from this point of view are the works of S. Skompski [1] and V.I. Parchenko [2, 3] who managed chemically to prepare the remains of these organisms. In view of the results of these publications, present author examines previously established families and species in terms of their recognition and circumstances that have opened up.

Toumaisian stage (upper part)

Karpivsky horizon of the Donbass (zone C/a) is characterized mainly by the green tubular algae Kamaena delicata Antropov, К awirsi Mamet et Roux, Kamaenella denbighi Mam. et Roux, Parakamaena irregularis Berchenko, Pseudokamaena armstrongi Mamet, Ps. atypica Berchenko, and also Kulikaella minima Berchenko, K. unistratosa Berchenko, Petchoria antiqua Berchenko, Coelosporella delicata Berchenko (= Hypocaustella cartiman- due Elliot = mesh ostracode), of wich the genera Parakamaen Mamet et Roux and Pseu- dokamaena Mamet are found in the more lower sediments of the Toumaisian stage [4].

Dokuchaevsky horizon (C/a, former lower most Vise). Is characterized by numerous IssinellaAike tubular algae and tubular algae with partition, kamaenids. Among them are identified Kamaena donbassica Sukh., К delicata Antropov, К magna R. Ivan., К minuta R. Ivan., Anthracoporellopsis machaevi Maslov {=K. tobolensis R. Ivan. = К pirleti Mamet et Roux), Kamaenella denbighi Mam. et Roux, Issinella grandis Tchuv., Palaeoberesella la- huseni (Moeller), Exvotarisella index (Moeller), Pseudokamaena sp., Kulikaella sp., for the first time in the Donbass sediments identified Evlania sp.?, Koninckopora antiqua Berch. (= mesh ostracod?) microproblematics known from late Devonian sediments. The complex of this horizon is characterized by quantitative and qualitative increase of representatives of the genus Kamaena Antropov, the emergence of numerous Issinella Reitlinger, Exvotarisella Elliot (= Nodosinella Ehrenberg non. E. maponi), and also Palaeoberesella Mamet et Roux identified by Mamet [5] two genera that are often difficult to distinguish, as well as genus reffered in previous publications to Anthracoporellopsis Maslov (a group of large tubular algae widespread in the Visean sediments of Donbass with a wide internal cavity and infrequent septum which obviously requires revision and selection of a new taxonomic unit. The facial type of limestone with algae belongs to the packstone (SMF facial belts 3 and 4) [6].

Visean stage (lower part)

The Early Visean complex is defined in sediments corresponding to the Hlybokinsky and Sukhinsky horizons (C/m zones). Microfacial types of limestone with algae are grainstone to the lesser extent packstone (facial belts 3 and 4, SMF-5) and sometimes framestones (facial belt 5, SMF-7) with numerous foraminifera, remains of brachiopods, ostracods, corals, green algae of the families Palaeoberesellaceae Mamet et Roux та Dasycladaceae (Kutzing, 1843) and the red algae family Stacheinaceae Loeblich et Tappan, 1961. The complex contains Issinella grandis Tchuv (numerous of two types with a smooth matt and very large with radially radiant wall), numerous Palaeoberesella-ExvotarisellaAike, Kamaena-Palaeoberesella-}iVe, IAnthracoporellopsis machaevi Masi., Palaeoberesella la- huseni (Moeller), Kamaena delicata Antropov, K. awirsi Mam. et Roux, K. magna R. Ivan., K. lata R. Ivan., Kamaena minuta R. Ivan., Issinella grandis" (T) Tchuvashov, few Pseudoissinella sp., Pseudonanopora stockmansi Mamet et Roux. Characteristic for underlying Toumaisian deposits Pseudokamaena armstrongi Mamet., Pseudokamaena sp., Kamaenella denbighi Mamet et Roux, Proninella sp., Parakamaena sp. Cribrokamaena sp., a genera known from Meramec and Late Visean of Nothem America is identified for the first time in deposites of zones CiVb.c. For the first time for these deposites are identified ?Anthracoporella aff. basch- kirica Kulik known from upper Visean deposits of the Ural, red algae Stacheoides? meandri- formis Mamet et Rudloff, Aoujgalia variabilis Termier et Termier, Pseudostscheoides loomisi Petryk et Mamet, as well as known from the late Devonian deposits of France Labyrintoconus clausmuelleri Langer, Evlania sp., Pokominella sp.

In Dono-Dnipro Depression (DDD), the Early Visean complex of Donbass is compared with the complex characteristic of the XIV micro-facial horizon (MFH) [7] where green si- phonocladal algae such as Palaeoberesella lahuseni Mamet et Roux, Kamaena delicata Antropov, K. minuta R. Ivanova, K. awirsi Mamet et Roux Exvotarisella index (Ehrenberg), Crassikamaena aculeata R. Ivanova, Subkamaena aff. sibirica R. Ivanova predominate. As well, a red algae such as Pseudostacheoides loomisi Petryk et Mamet was detected. And also is compared with the complex characteristic of XIII MFH. It is charscterized by the fact that along with already known siphonocladal Palaeoberesella lahuseni Mamet et Roux, Exvotarisella maponi Elliott E. aff. index (Ehrenberg), Kamaena delicata Antropov, К itkillikensis Mamet et Roux, K. awirsi Petryk et Mamet, K. pirleti Mamet et Roux, Pseudokamaena sp., Parakamaena armstrongi Petryk et Mamet, Subkamaena sibirica R. Ivanova, Crassikamaena sp., already known in the Donbass sediments dasicladal algae such as Isinella grandis Tchu- vashov, Issinella? sainsii Mamet et Roux appear, as well as algae identified in other parts of the Paleothetical region of the Northern Hemisphere in Visean time such as Pseudoissinella alaskensis Mamet et Rudloff, Zidella sp., Asphaltinella gorowitzi Mamet et Roux, Asphalti- nella? bangorensis Mamet et Roux. In DDD significantly increases the systematic composition of the red algae of stacheacia, among which are identified Stacheoides polytrematoides (Brady), Stacheoides tenuis Petryk et Mamet, Epistacheoides connorensis Mamet et Rudloff, E. nephroformis Petryk et Mamet, E. chantoni Mamet et Roux, Pseudostacheoides loomisi Petryk et Mamet, Pseudostacheoides sp., Aoujgalia richi Mamet et Roux, A. variabilis Termier et Termier, Mametella chautauquae Brenkle.

In the Urals, the Lowe Visean complex of Donbass is compared with the V, VI, VII algal complexes [8] dominated by green dasycladal and siphonicladal algae of families Pa- laeoberesellaceae Mamet et Roux, and Dasycladaceae (Kutzing, 1843). It is also dominated by representatives of genera Kamaena Antropov, Kamaenella Mamet et Roux, Exvotarisella Elliot, Palaeoberesella Mamet et Roux, Issinella Reitlinger Nanopora (Wood) but not defined Anthracoporellopsis Maslov. Red algae such as Epistacheoides connorensis Mamet et Roux, Fourstonella fusiformis (Brady), Stacheoides tenuis Petryk et Mamet, Ungdarella uralica Maslov wich in Ural sections are known only in the VII algal complex, which by age corresponds to the Sukhinsky horizon of Donbass. In these Uralian complexes, algae known from Early Tomaisian such as Subkamaena Berchenko та Parakamaena Mamet et Roux continue to occur.

The present research made it possible to expand the knowledge about the systematic composition and distribution of fossil algae on the border of the Toumaisian and Visean stages. The systematic composition of the Dondassian Early Visean complex was supplemented and corrected. This allowed it to be more properly compared with other such complexes of the Northern Hemisphere. It is concluded that a significant change in the complexes occurs on the border of the Karpivsky and Dokuchaevsky horizons (the former border of the Toumai and Vise). Green tubular algae of the family Palaeoberesellaceae were the characteristic feature of the transitional Toumaisian-Visean complexes within appearance of red algae staceacea. Ontogenetic changes within the family Palaeoberesellaceae are analyzed. Their greatest quantitative and qualitative blossom in the Lower Visean deposits was reveald. Along with the green, tubular algae at this level appear red algae of the family Stacheinacea Loeblich et Tappan which have flourished in overlying sediments.

Literature

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4. Верченко О.И. Известковые водоросли турнейских отложений Донбасса / О.И. Верченко. -Киев: Наук, думка, 1981. - 72 с.

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6. Уилсон Дж JI. Карбонатне фации в геологической истории / пер. с англ. А.С. Арсанова, И.И. Григорьева, Б.В. Ермакова / Дж Л. Уилсон - Москва: Недра, 1980. - С. I 463.

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Explanation of plates

Plate 1. TAnthracoporellopsis machaevi Maslov, longitudinal sections

Fig. 1. Hlybokinsky horizon, zone C/j1 depth 159-153.3 м

Fig. 2. Sukhinsky horizon, zone C//, depth 144.4-148.2 м

Plate 2

Fig. 1. TAnthracoporellopsis machaevi Maslov, Hlybokinsky horizon, zone C|'c. depth 188.4 м Fig. 2. TAnthracoporellopsis machaevi, Hlybokinsky horizon, zone C|'c. depth 156.4-160 м Fig. 3. TAnthracoporellopsis machaevi Maslov (?Uraloporella Korde), Hlybokinsky horizon, zone С/Л depth 154.4-156.4 м

Plate 3

Fig. 1. Cribrikamaena sp. longitudinal section, Sukhinsky horizon, zone C|'d2. depth 124 м

Fig. 2. Cribrikamaena sp., longitudinal section, Sukhinsky horizon, zone C|'d2' depth 116 m

Fig. 3. Labyrintoconus clausmuelleri Langer longitudinal section, Hlybokinsky horizon, zone C/c, depth 200-202.1 м

Fig. 4. Anthracoporella aff. baschkirica Kulik transversal section, Hlybokinsky horizon, zone С/Л depth 144.4-148.2 m

Plate 4. Longitudinal slightly oblique sections

Fig. 1. Pokominella sp., Hlybokinsky horizon, zone СД depth 202.1-203.9 м

Fig. 2. Proninella sp., Hlybokinsky horizon, zone СД depth 186.3-186.5 м

Fig. 3. Koninckopora antiqua Berch, Dokuchayevsky horizon СД. depth 230.2-231.7 м

Fig.4. ?Evlania sp., Hlybokinsky horizon, zone СД depth 202.1-203.9 м

Plate 5. Transversal sections

Fig. 1. Stacheoides cannindahensis Mamet et Roux, Hlybokinsky horizon, zone СД 1, depth 164-168.5 m

Fig. 2. Aoujgalia variabilis Termier et Termier, Sukhinsky horizon, zone СД 2, depth 124 м

Fig. 3. Stacheoides? meandriformis Mamet et Rudlof, depth 119.5 м

Fig. 4. Stacheoides? meandriformis Mamet et Rudlof, Hlybokinsky horizon, zone СД depth 154.4-156.4 m

Таблиці