Комп’ютерне моделювання рельєфу та пов’язаних з ним природних процесів на території Львівщини

Предложен подход к решению задач исследования поверхностно-склоновой эрозии почв с использованием механизма grid-поверхностей. Ключевую роль в нем играет ЦМР в виде grid-поверхности, которая вместе с методами ее анализа позволяет проводить численный анализ процессов водной эрозии почв, предоставляя для этого такие данные (длину, крутизну, профиль склона и т.п.), которые тяжело получить другим способом.

Осуществлена программная реализация всех предложенных схем в картографической системе ArcView и проведено их экспериментальное исследование на территории Львовщины. Полученные результаты были внедрены во Львовском региональном центре мониторинга земельных ресурсов.

Ключевые слова: рельеф, цифровая модель рельефа, grid-поверхность, геоинформационные системы, кригинг, гидрологическое моделирование, освещенность, солнечная энергия, эрозия, оцифровка карт.

ANNOTATION

Levchenko O.M. Computer simulation of relief and related natural processes on territory of Lviv region. - Manuscript.

Thesis for attaining academic degree of candidate of technical science on the speciality 05.24.02 - photogrammetry and cartography. - National university “Lviv Politechnic”, Lviv, 2004.

The thesis is dedicated to technique development for construction of digital elevation model of real district as grid-surface and schemes for complex research of natural processes taking place on a relief and connected to it, namely: numerical research of hydrological processes; selections of structural lines of a relief and local tops; calculations of the solar energy quantity obtained by earth surface regions; the numerical analysis of surface-slant soil erosion.

To realize the complex numerical researches of natural processes taking place in real district, the digital elevation model as grid-surface is selected. The technique for practical construction DEM of the large territory is developed. It is based on splitting of the considered territory into overlapping subregions, using the grid-surfaces of a relief of linear universal kriging for interpolation and applying the procedure of creation drainless model of a relief for approximation errors elimination and possibility to carry out the hydrological researches in the further. On basis of this technique DEM of the Lviv district is created.

The scheme for realization of hydrological researches is formulated. It allows to simulate trajectories of water streams on a relief of district, to calculate their intensity, to determine the watersheds. Besides, the described methods can be used for selection of structural lines of a relief and finding the local tops on DEM.

The technique for numerical analysis of solar energy absorption processes on earth surface regions is created. Its usage makes it possible to carry out numerical researches connected to finding the solar energy quantity obtained on regions of real district.

The approach using the mechanism of grid-surfaces is introduced for solving research tasks of surface-slant soil erosion. A key role in it plays DEM as grid-surface, which together with methods of its analysis allows to implement numerical analysis of soil ablation, giving for this purpose such data (length, steepness, slope profile etc.), which are difficult to receive in another way.

Key words: relief, digital elevation model, grid-surface, geographic information systems, kriging, hydrological modeling, irradiance, solar radiation, erosion, digitization.

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