Directions of the development of the cattle-breeding

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Directions of the development of the cattle-breeding

Berezivskyy Zinoviy Petrovich Ph D, Associate Professor,

Associate Professor of Department of Economics Lviv National Environmental University, Ukraine

Vasylyna Orysya Romanivna Ph D, Associate Professor,

Associate Professor of Department of Economics Lviv National Environmental University, Ukraine

Kolach Svitlana Myhaylivna Ph D, Associate Professor,

Associate Professor of Department of Economics Lviv National Environmental University, Ukraine

Summary. The theoretical foundations and methodical approaches to the study of the state of the cattle-breeding in Ukraine are substantiated, and the main directions of its future development are established. Some of the problems related to the formation of directions for the development of the cattle-breeding remain understudied and require further elaboration. The methodology for researching the state of the cattle-breeding in Ukraine is based on the use of methods necessary to determine the relationship between factors and results.

Key words: production of cattle breeding products, economic efficiency, agricultural enterprise, progressive technologies.

НАПРЯМКИ РОЗВИТКУ ВРХОТНИЦТВА

Березівський Зіновій Петрович Кандидат філософських наук, доцент,

Доцент кафедри економіки

Львівський національний екологічний університет, Україна

Василина Орися Романівна Кандидат філософських наук, доцент,

Доцент кафедри економіки economic efficiency cattle breeding

Львівський національний екологічний університет, Україна

Колач Світлана Михайлівна Кандидат філософських наук, доцент,

Доцент кафедри економіки

Львівський національний екологічний університет, Україна

Анотація. Обґрунтовано теоретичні основи та методичні підходи до вивчення стану тваринництва в Україні та визначено основні напрями його подальшого розвитку. Деякі проблеми, пов'язані з формуванням напрямків розвитку тваринництва, залишаються недостатньо вивченими і потребують подальшої розробки. Методологія дослідження стану тваринництва в Україні базується на використанні методів, необхідних для визначення зв'язку між факторами та результатами.

Ключові слова: виробництво продукції тваринництва, економічна ефективність, сільськогосподарське підприємство, прогресивні технології.

Introduction

Cattle-breeding is one of the most important branches of agriculture in Ukraine. It is engaged in the production of such valuable food products as milk and beef, provides crop cultivation with organic fertilizers, as well as raw materials necessary for the processing industry.

Unfortunately, for a long time, cattle-breeding, as well as the economy of Ukraine in general, is in a deep crisis. A reduction in the volume of production and the number of cattle-breeding and a decrease in its productivity bring heavy losses to agricultural enterprises. Such a decrease in the efficiency of the production of cattle-breeding products, and as a result of the increase in prices for them, leads to a significant reduction of this type of product in the diet of the population of Ukraine.

Materials and methods

The problem of the development of the cattlebreeding is constantly in the field of economic science. Separate results of such researches are reflected in the scientific works of Berezivskyy Z. [1; 2], Berezivska O. [2], Gurska I. and Khristenko H. [3], Mazur G. [4], Parkhomets M. and Uniyat L [5],

Pleskach V. and Kulyk A. [7], Pucenteilo P. [8], Sus L. [9], Shlapak O. [10], Za hodym M. [12] and others. However, some of the theoretical and methodological aspects of such studies require further development, which determines the relevance, novelty and expediency of further scientific research of this issue.

Setting objectives

The purpose of this scientific research is to analyze the state of the cattle-breeding in Ukraine. The main task was the substantiation of theoretical and methodical approaches to determining prospects for the development of the cattle-breeding. The set of methods of this scientific research allows you to justify the issue of obtaining the maximum effect from the implemented measures for the development of the cattle-breeding in Ukraine.

In recent years, the consumption of basic food products has decreased significantly, especially meat and dairy products, the consumption of which has decreased by more than two times. The formation of demand and supply for agricultural products is based on nutritional standards, national traditions and the desire to consume healthy, high-quality food [3]._In the near future, the problem of providing the population with products, based on rational consumption norms, will come to the fore in the cattle-breeding industry. It occupies an exceptional place in solving the food problem of Ukraine due to economic and biological advantages and bringing their consumption norms to scientifically based ones.

Results of research

A feature of cattle-breeding as a branch is a fairly high level of its integration with other branches of agriculture. For example, crop production includes the cultivation of grain and industrial crops, and animal husbandry includes pig and poultry farming. Juicy, coarse and green fodder, as well as waste from the alcohol and sugar industry, are used in large quantities to feed cattle.Cattle-breeding is one of the most labor-intensive agricultural industries. Therefore, among the factors of efficiency, a significant role is assigned to the optimal provision of labor resources in the required quantity and required quality. The quantitative side in this case is determined by the number of employees employed in the industry, and the qualitative side by age, health, gender, education and qualifications.

In general, cattle-breeding is a capital-intensive industry, we have systematized its main specific features in the classification scheme of the features of the cattlebreeding industry, which is listed in the Table 1.

Table 1

Classification of features of the cattle-breeding industry

The solution to the food problem in Ukraine largely depends on the efficiency of the cattle-breeding subcomplex, which is an important part of the agroindustrial complex and to some extent determines the level of providing the population with meat and milk, their export, and the socio-economic situation in Ukraine. Its content is reflected in the interrelationship of the functioning of various industries as a whole and provision of the population's needs in meat, milk and their processing products.

An analysis of the advantages, risks and ways of minimizing the risks of cattlebreeding are given in the Table 2.

The cattle-breeding subcomplex is one of the powerful economic systems of the agroindustrial complex of Ukraine in terms of production characteristics and the volume of financial and monetary resources. The resource potential of cattlebreeding is important for the national economy, as it ensures the country's food security. Cattle-breeding is a system of branches of the national economic complex, which are related to the production of meat and milk, their processing and sale, fodder production, as well as the production and social infrastructure necessary for the maintenance of these branches.. The financial condition of agricultural enterprises that grow cattle and processing enterprises depends on the level of development of the cattle-breeding subcomplex, which in turn contributes to the stable provision of meat and dairy products to the population [9].

Table 2

SWOT analysis of the development of the cattle-breeding industry

The main causes of the crisis in the cattle-breeding subcomplex at the moment are:

? the general crisis state of Ukraine's economy;

? increase in material and labor costs for cattle-breeding production;

? price disparity for agricultural and industrial products;

? lack of well-considered measures on the part of the state to regulate the process of sale of cattle-breeding products, which first of all manifested itself in the refusal of state orders and state purchases;

? legal insecurity of agricultural producers;

? lack of clear regulation of relations between livestock farms and processing enterprises.

One of the main problems facing the cattle-breeding subcomplex is the reduction of unprofitable production. A particularly difficult situation arises when raising cattle. It is here that there is a need for substantial capital expenditures, necessary for the restoration and organization of production. This should include restoration of breeding and commercial herds, repair of buildings, machinery, and equipment._Taking into account the constant increase in prices for livestock products on world markets, as well as the increase in the consumption of meat and dairy products in foreign countries, the production of this species can become one of the most profitable sectors of our country's economy. However, in many farms, the production of meat and milk has significantly decreased in recent years, which is connected with the reduction of cattle-breeding, poor selection and breeding work, irrational price policy, etc. Under the condition of close cooperation of state structures with agricultural and processing enterprises, it is possible to solve this issue within several years [1 ].

Conclusion

The current state of development of industrial relations in the cattle-breeding subcomplex requires the development of new mechanisms and approaches that would increase the efficiency of the production of cattle-breeding products, implement a completely new model of the functioning of this sector, create favorable investment conditions and ensure its competitiveness on the domestic and foreign markets, and, as a result to provide the population with quality products according to rational consumption norms.

The priority of the accelerated development of cattle-breeding is the production of a wide range of high-quality products with the maximum possible term of use. Achieving this goal will allow solving socio-economic issues both at the regional and state levels [6; 11]. In particular, this can include:

? satisfaction of consumer demand for cattle-breeding products;

? expansion of sales markets for meat and dairy products;

? creation of food stocks;

? the territorial division of labor;

? formation of the optimal mode of operation of all components of the technological process of integrated production of cattle-breeding products.

All of this should be facilitated by the implementation and functioning of a comprehensive system of management of the quality and competitiveness of cattlebreeding products. At the same time, the main task of the cattle-breeding subcomplex of Ukraine is to ensure the domestic demand and its products exclusively at the expense of increasing the volume of domestic production and a complete refusal to import meat and milk for domestic needs. The formation of such a competitive environment in the cattle-breeding of Ukraine is possible only under the following conditions:

increase in production efficiency by reducing the cost of production;

? modernization of the production process of cattle-breeding products;

? search for alternative sources of credit and financing for this industry;

? establishing relations between producers and processing enterprises;

? protectionist state policy;

? establishment of uniform "rules of the game" for all participants in the cattle-breeding market.

Today, the cattle-breeding subcomplex needs changes in approaches to solving existing problems, as well as the development and implementation of a new model of effective functioning of the industry, which will allow in a fairly short period of time to stabilize production and improve the prerequisites for its development. Along with state regulators taking measures to stabilize processes in the agroindustrial complex, the regional integration orientation of processes in the cattle-breeding subcomplex is no less important, which will increase production efficiency.

References:

[1] Berezivskyy Z. P. (2005). Economic mechanism of formation of production costs in cattlebreeding: monograph. Lviv: Ukrainian Technologies, 192 p.

[2] Berezivskyy Z. P., Berezivska O. Y. (2021). Prospects of agrarian sector development of Lviv region, Ukraine. Scientific Papers Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development", 21 (3/2021). P. 205 - 210.

[3] Gurska I. S., Khristenko H. M. (2016). The current state of development of the cattle-breeding industry and directions of its state regulation. Economic space. (107), pp. 102-111.

[4] Mazur G. F. (2013). Improving the mechanism of state regulation and stimulating the development of agroindustrial production. Economy of agroindustrial complex. Kyiv. (2). pp. 21-25.

[5] Parkhomets M. K., Uniyat L. M. (2014). Incomes of cattle-breeding industry and ways of increasing them in agricultural enterprises. Herald of TNEU. Scientific journal, (1). pp. 49-62.

[6] On state support of agriculture of Ukraine: Law of Ukraine. № 1877- IV. 06/24/2004. [online]. Available: http://zakon4.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1877-15. [Date of application 05/02/2023].

[7] Pleskach V. L., Kulyk A. V. (2013). Methodological principles of state regulation of financial and economic development. Finances of Ukraine. 2013. (10). P. 27-35.

[8] Pucenteilo P. R. (2011). Competitiveness of meat cattle-breeding of Ukraine: theory and practice: monograph; Ternopil: "Economic Thought", TNEU, 420 p.

[9] Sus L. V. (2014). The state of implementation of financial state support for cattlebreeding production in Ukraine. Bulletin of ZhNAEU. 1/2 (43), vol. 2. pp. 183-193.

[10] Shlapak O. V. (2013). Strategic directions of the development of the meat and cattlebreeding industry in Ukraine. Ukraine economy. (3). pp. 57-65.

[11] The Concept of the state target program for the development of the agrarian sector of the economy for the period until 2022: Order of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. № 1437-r, 12/30/2015. [online]. Available: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1437- 2015-%D1 %80#Text [Date of application 05/01/2023].

[12] Zahodym M. V. (2016). The current state and trends in the development of dairy farming in Ukraine. Innovation Economy, 1-2 (61). pp. 53-59.

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