Coruption as a threat to the economy security of Ukraine

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Coruption as a threat to the economy security of Ukraine

Карина Йогансен

здобувач вищої освіти

Науковий керівник:

ст. викладач Вікторія ЗУБЕНКО

(Національна академія внутрішніх справ)

Corruption is one of the global problems of our time; it greatly hinders the socio-economic and political development of any country. Its influence on the country's economy is growing, the scale is increasing, and the scope of corruption crimes is expanding. economy security ukraine

Ukraine received 33 points out of 100 in the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) for 2022. Our score has increased by one point and now Ukraine ranks 116th out of 180 countries in the CPI [1].

The concept of "economic security" is inextricably linked with the concept of "national security". The term "national security" has firmly entered the life of the modern world and has become part of the domestic and foreign policy of many countries. For example, the USA is developing a doctrine, concept and strategy of its national security, where special attention is paid to issues of economic security. Since the economy is one of the vital aspects of the activity of the individual, society and the state, the provision of national security is essentially impossible without the provision of economic security. The security of the country in all its forms is implemented through state financing, the basis of which is GDP, that is, economic security is the lever that ensures the stability of all types of security against external and internal threats and ensures the competitiveness of the state in the international arena. In the system of national security, economic is the material basis of national sovereignty and determines the real possibilities in guaranteeing other types of security. That is, economic security is the basis for the functioning of all its other elements that are part of this system (military, technical, food, environmental).

Corruption (from the Latin corruption-bribery) is a socially dangerous phenomenon in the field of politics and public administration, which is expressed in the deliberate use by representatives of the authorities of their official status to illegally obtain property and nonproperty benefits in any form. This phenomenon has become a threat to economic security of the state, since its destructive effect is manifested in the decline of the country's international prestige and authority, the destruction of the moral and spiritual foundations of society, the bureaucratization and corruption of public officials, and the increase in the level of crime.

In the Law of Ukraine "On Prevention of Corruption" dated October 14, 2014, corruption is defined as the use by a person specified in the first part of Article 3 of the Law of official powers or opportunities related to them for the purpose of obtaining an illegal benefit or accepting such a benefit or accepting a promise /offers of such a benefit for oneself or other persons or, accordingly, a promise/offer or provision of an unlawful benefit to the person specified in the first part of Article 3 of the Law, or at his request to other natural or legal persons with the aim of inciting this person to unlawfully use the official powers granted to him or related opportunities [2].

The analysis of a number of definitions of the concept of "corruption" makes it possible to single out the general features of this phenomenon, which we propose to include:

1) Mutual obligations;

2) Making decisions that contradict moral principles or violate current legislation;

3) Mutual benefit;

4) Deliberate adjustment of public interests to personal gain;

5) Obtaining certain preferences for both parties;

6) Efforts of both parties to hide their actions.

Summarizing the above, it should be noted that the concept of corruption is most often associated with bribery of officials and unfair competition, but there are a number of prerequisites that cover various spheres of social life and have developed historically. In particular, among the prerequisites of corruption in Ukraine, the following can be distinguished:

1) Imperfect current legal framework that is subject to constant changes, the presence of conflicts and methods of "circumventing" the law by illegal means;

2) Corruption of the authorities and excessive bureaucratization of the state apparatus, a "bloated" state with unjustified broad powers;

3) The declarative nature of the reforms, the inconsistency in their implementation and sometimes frank delay in the implementation of certain provisions, especially those concerning political figures;

4) Non-transparent processes of denationalization of property;

5) Transfer of state property to private property in the interests of interested persons, groups, and groups;

6) Criminalization of economic relations;

7) Passivity of specially created bodies to fight and counter corruption, law enforcement agencies in bringing those guilty of corrupt acts to justice;

8) Spread in society of the opinion about the corruption of the authorities, the lack of transparency of the adopted political and state decisions;

9) The desire of groups, including criminal groups, to solve their problems through officials of the state apparatus;

10) Lack of favorable conditions for conducting business activities, significant tax burden on economic entities.

At the current stage, corruption is one of the key threats to economic security, as it slows down socio-economic progress, the process of establishing the democratic foundations of civil society, and limits the realization of human and citizen rights and freedoms. Corruption has a negative effect on the image of the country in the international arena, which leads to a decrease in the place in international ratings, which leads to a decrease in the volume of foreign investments in the economy of Ukraine.

Corruption as a systemic and complex phenomenon can guarantee business structures the receipt of a state or municipal order, providing a stable source of funding for business activities (a winning tender, participation in the implementation of a certain program or investment project). Corruption makes it possible to deliberately create obstacles for business, artificially limiting its supply, and at the same time receiving a significant profit. Such a situation in economic theory is defined as the formation of monopoly profit, or monopoly rent [3].

In order to combat corruption and ensure the economic security of the state, it is necessary, first of all, to ensure the work of independent anti-corruption bodies (NABU, the Specialized AntiCorruption Prosecutor's Office), to establish a system of electronic declaration and to activate the work of the NAKC in terms of timely and complete disclosure of information in e-declarations. In addition, along with the performance of their direct functions, anti-corruption bodies should cooperate with each other and avoid conflict situations, especially regarding the prosecution of high-ranking officials.

One of the key factors in the successful fight against corruption is the political will, the intentions of the state leadership to prevent and eradicate corruption at all levels of government and in all its manifestations. This should be manifested in the prosecution of any person, regardless of political preferences, position held by this person, proximity to the state leadership or other subjective circumstances. The key and determining role in the implementation of political will belongs to the head of state in connection with broad powers to ensure national security (Chairman of the National Security Council of Ukraine, Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Ukraine) and economic security, in particular, coordination of the activities of executive authorities and law enforcement agencies.

Therefore, one of the measures to ensure the overcoming of corruption in public authorities is the transparency of their activities, and most importantly, the return of public trust in officials through the reduction of bureaucracy, the reduction of queues to the offices of high-ranking officials through the introduction of electronic reception desks and the processing of citizens' appeals in a faster time frame.

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