The tourist and recreational system development as a perspective branch of the economic system of the municipality (by the example of Khabarovsk municipal district)

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It is hard to imagine the full-fledged environment for human-beings without a developed system of the relaxation and recovery. Rest, entertainment, leisure and tourism have become very important means of health recovery, relaxation and the increase of people's labor productivity. Besides, these are effective tools of economic growth and sustainable development.

A men devoted to his job is always under personal and social pressure as the result of inner and external factors which influence his health and psyche directly or indirectly. Consequently, a person is not able to wait for months to recuperate and continue to work, that is why he extremely needs a short-time recreation. Such a recreational service can be provided within the boundaries of the municipality and might be highly demanded, even not less than long-term tourism.

The great potential of the tourism demand and recreational services development includes sanatorium-and-spa treatment, personal and group short-term tours out of a town to gardens, special recreational zones, beaches, sport, cultural and recovery venues and resorts.

To recuperate people usually choose the most comfortable places with beautiful nature and good microclimate. These are woods, riverbanks, lakesides. Sport, cultural and recreational rest near inhabited localities in pollution-free areas is more preferable by tourist service consumers.

Nowadays recreation takes the first place among intersectorial complex of economy. Thus, the economic base of the recreation prevails over other processes, actualizes its impact on the economy as the whole.

Inner tourist service production cannot be developed by itself and isolated from the rest of the municipal economy. It is based on intersectorial cooperation that connects tourism with conjugated branches of economy, which form material and technical basis of tourism and promote tourist products to consumers [7].

Social and economic situation, which concerns tourism in Khabarovskiy krai (that possesses a good natural and recreational potential) is pretty complicated. Insufficient financing of the tourism, real income and savings decrease, poor infrastructure, public, youth and other non-government bodies' role drop-off prevents tourism from development.

No doubts that the territory travel agencies are targeted at the tourism inside or outside the country. As the rule, the territory travel agencies do not take into account the demand of people in short-term local recreation and leisure. One way or another, they can be understood. On the agreements basis the krai travel agencies make a good use of the existing tourist infrastructure inside and outside of the Russian Federation, which does not need substantial investments in contrast to local tourism. Local recreation venues development needs a lot of investments and expenditures beginning from land surveying, town planning, development works, infrastructure and building to leisure and mass recreational and leisure venues foundation. This is only the tip of the iceberg.

Under these circumstances, to develop recreational venues as the foreground task serious steps are to be taken to form a balanced market of tourist and recreational services, economic policies improvement, rational productive forces distribution, environment protection.

Thousand of citizens in search of fresh air and non-polluted environment try to go out of a town, to their gardens, close to nature, to riverbanks, forests, mountains etc. for a weekend. This demand is constantly growing.

However, you can hardly say that this kind of rest is organized. Chaotic travels of citizens and villagers to ecologically clean venues who leave garbage and pollute these beautiful places harm environment.

One of the ways to avoid such consequences is to develop tourist and recreational system that provide people with the specific set of sanitary and leisure services that contribute to health improvement and recreation of citizens and villagers of the krai. Nowadays the system is stagnated; many municipal districts of the krai even do not have such a branch of economy as tourism.

At the same time, the Russian government is sure that creation of recreational and leisure zones can become the point of economic growth of the municipal districts of Russia. Development of the municipal government in Russia, using the principles of self-dependence, all-sufficiency and self-financing, corresponding laws is aimed at local initiatives development, territorial potential development, social production effectiveness growth.

Federal law № 131-FL (10/06/2003) “About common principles of municipal government organizing” defines the problems that local government is to solve or create conditions to for their solution. The most part of those problems, almost one third of them has to do with tourism, physical training, sport, mass leisure, crafts, culture, local resorts, museums, national cultural self-government development etс. [1].

Possessing such a strong law basis, municipal government should reveal the social and economic factors that influence economic development of recreational zones. Special attention should be paid to investment climate, its regulation within the framework of regional strategy and municipal economic policy. The main instrument of regulation to apply is investment programs and projects targeted at priority sectors development.

It is also necessary to use social and economic measures to develop and implement methods of choice and ranking the investment priorities of different economic sectors.

The most important task here is to determine measures of the state and municipal participation in economic regulation of investment activity.

The government of Khabarovsk municipal district realizes all these objectives. It passed regulations:

- on conditions creation for organizing and development of the recreational zones;

- on municipal grants;

- creation of The Observing Council under the Head of the district on tourist and recreational zones development;

- organization and provision of informational openness (the local paper, the official website).

Moreover, the government interacts with business circles, analyzes the possibilities to provide tourists with medical, educational, cultural, sport, trade, food supply, catering, safety, consumer services, environmental protection. It also works over the question of participation of non-governmental organizations and initiative groups of citizens in increasing tourist services; it forms lands that can become tourist and recreational zones in future (villages Nagornoye, Krasnorechenskoye, Blagodatnoye, Vinogradovka, “Voronezh” territory and other places) [2]. economic tourism social

Many territories of the district have been accepted as unique places for recreation. For instance, these are “The Russian village” in Bychikha, popularization and protection of hieroglyphs and the ecological rout in Sickachi-Alyan, picnic and beach tours organization near lakes in the district of Blagodatnoye village and banks of Voronezh (village Michurinskoye), entertainment hall “The Red Beacon” in Elabuga and others.

Enterprises, institutions, small and medium-sized business companies, tourist and recreational venues that develop and produce tourist products for people of the district as well as for people from Khabarovsk [3] represent the existing tourist and recreational branch of economy. For example, there are 23 tourist and recreational objects, 18 of them work all-the-year-round, 5 work in summer. Most of them have inner service infrastructure: restaurants, hotels, parking areas, halls. A part of the objects are aimed at provision of such sport and entertainment services as skiing, swimming pools, bowling, billiards, sport venues. Some objects have such cultural infrastructure as cultural houses, museums, tourist routes, art workshops, shows.

There are such venues of sanitary recreation as health centers, sanatorium-preventorium centers, summer health camps that satisfy the demand in children's summer vacation rest. There are at least 60 thousand tourists a year [3]. Besides, about 1,7 thousand children go on vacations to the summer sanitary camps every year.

According to the analyses 47,8% of them are situated in the direction of the Bychikha and Krasnorechenskoye villages, 21,7% - in direction of Voronezh, 26,1% - in direction of Petropavlovsk, Sickachi-Alyan, Vyatskoye and Elabuga villages. It takes about an hour or an hour and a half on average to get there from Khabarovsk [3].

On the one hand, every venue has its own recreation policy, promotion policies, advertisements and recreational infrastructure. On the other hand, there is the lack of corporate interests, cooperation between the administrations of recreational zones that could contribute to improvement of the quality and diversity of the tourist and recreational services.

Nonetheless, the tourist and recreational sector has been developing in the district. Having this kind of infrastructure and few external investment offers to build new zones is the evidence of the growing demand and envisaging further development of the sector.

Moreover, there is a developed retail network, including cafйs, restaurant and other catering. Total square of catering places is 5441,1 sq.m, including 923 seats. Total square of 172 shops is 13781 sq.m [3].

The territory of the district has beautiful forests, rivers, lakes, fresh air. It is perfectly right for the organized and civilized leisure of the people of the district and Khabarovsk. In Sickachi-Alyan district, there are ancient hieroglyphs [4]. The banks of Amur River attract tourists by their diversity, beautiful landscape, making people want to come back again and again.

For many tourists, especially for citizens, these places have become the traditional venues to come for short-term traveling. In summer, people prefer to go for a picnic or to lie on a beach, to go fishing or hunting etc. In winter, people usually take part in skiing competitions, auto rallies, traditional holidays etc. This can be proved by the results of the poll that was run by “Khabarovsk management school” [5]. In accordance to the poll results, about 90% of the respondents have a rest near the Khabarovsk town agglomeration.

Despite the fact that there is seasonal fluctuation in recreation, we can say that tourist services are in demand all year round. People have time and desire to go to the fresh air. There is no difference in frequency of travels between citizens and villagers.

The poll also has shown that all the groups of respondents (youth, families from Khabarovsk and from the Khabarovskiy district) prefer to go for a picnic. The share of them is 42,8%, 55,7%, 55,3% correspondingly. Preferences to sport tourism varies from 16,5% to 23,7%, to traveling - from 0,7% to 2,6%, going fishing - from 1,8% to 8,9% [5]. Thus, organized leisure (sport and tourism respectively) yields to “wild” tourism. It is also necessary to highlight the fact that the most part of citizens of Khabarovsk and Khabarovskiy district actively go for picnics. This is the result of underdevelopment of the hotel industry [5].

The analyses has shown that there are 39,9 thousand families at the age of 20 - 54, including families that didn't indicate the preferable way of spending spare time, and 24,7 thousand young people who spend money to travel to have a rest. Thus, the expenditures of these people for recreation could contribute approximately 600 million rubles to the krai economy.

The survey of the people's demand for recreation (that is the main indicator of the recreational potential of the territory) has shown that the first place belongs to infrastructure development (roads, transportation, safe parking areas etc.), the second place - to hygiene and sanitary conditions (cabins, picnic equipment, restrooms, first-aid posts and so on), then goes entertainment, sport and recreational facilities.

Despite the tourist and recreational potential, it has little impact on the district economy development because of dearth of real investments, tourist and service infrastructure underdevelopment, skilled labor-force and civil initiatives shortage.

What is more, in spite of the achieved results, this sector have never been considered as one of the perspective branches of the district economy due to the following:

- the lack of the unified policy of the tourist and recreational sector development;

- imperfection of laws and legal system;

- want of the stimulus to invest into the tourist and recreational sectors;

- the low level of scientific research of this sector;

- underdevelopment of the instruments of management and promotion of the tourist and recreation sector.

That's why, the first problems to solve are to manage the work of all interested sides, to guarantee integration of all components of tourism and recreation of the district.

What is not less important, in order to improve tourist and recreational infrastructure, to achieve full potential, to apply new approaches and techniques of development management, it's necessary to coordinate the work of the governments of the district and villages, as well as of inhabitants.

Following that, I'm inclined to think that only complex approach to development of recreational zones, usage of all advantages and possibilities of the district, integration with other branches of the district economy, ensuring availability and attractiveness of the developing tourist and recreational potential can create efficient economic system, that would lead to unfolding of tourism and recreation among inhabitants.

The main issue here is to research the potential, to analyze the recourses of the territory, to create such a management system that would contribute a lot to the attractiveness of consuming tourist and recreational services of the territory, that would allow to realize this potential.

In order to promote tourist image of the district, it is necessary to pay attention to development of territories and infrastructure in villages of the district that would distinguish the district from other municipalities. Managing this work on the district level would help to form the recreational system. Such an approach would allow to consolidate recreational material and technical basis and infrastructure that can be easily reached by car or other means of transport (transportation accessibility), to ensure rational management and marketing of all resources that would give further incentives for development.

Besides, informational openness seems to be one of the crucial factors of promotion. “Lack of information (informational shortage) banefully influences tourism” [6].

So, to make the ideas of tourism development come to life many things have to be done. First of all, it is necessary to define activities and to estimate economic situation of all kinds of activities that are connected with tourism and recreation. This will allow to determine the expediency of development of different kinds of recreation, sources of income and expenses, prospects of development.

It is also necessary to outline that research of innovations plays a great role in tourism and recreation development. Irrespective of stage of innovations implementation, they have a vital impact on demand, income and competitiveness.

Capital investments into recreational innovations will integrate recreational and tourist sector into complex economic system of the territory, increase the impact of computers, social networks and marketing. The information about recreational services of the district will be available to consumer not only from mass media, but also though the Internet.

To increase management effectiveness and legitimacy it is necessary to form the Board on tourist and recreational zones and infrastructure management. The Board terms of reference will cover laws promulgation, investment programs and projects development, organization and advisory activity to form recreational and tourism market.

These methods and approaches, forms of realization of the strategy of recreational complex met with support of the head of the district (V.A. Aleshko) and were implemented in the Concept of the development of the recreational services market in the territory of Khabarovskiy municipal district. The project of the Concept is developed by the author of the given article and is to be coordinated.

The concept might be realized due to tourist and recreational investment projects development and realization within municipal programs and activities included into municipal programs of the social and economic development. The investments can be private, state or can include the sources of inhabitants.

The main priority of the Concept is to create and implement such a model of tourist and recreational sector development management that will allow to reveal and activate most part of recreational resources, to create a good economic climate, to increase living standards and social well-being.

Literature

1. Federal Law № 131-FL (10/06/2003) “About common principles of municipal government organizing”.

2. Decree of the Head of the District № 170 (08/08/2007) “On plan of work of the municipal government on organization and development of tourist and recreational zones on the territory of the district”.

3. Monitoring of the tourist and recreational potential of Khabarovsk municipal district, 2008.

4. The tourist map of Khabarovsk district: information of pleasure resorts. - FSUE “The Far Eastern air geodesic enterprise”, 2003.

5. Report on the project “The research of the recreational potential of Khabarovsk town agglomeration” / A.N. Demyanenko. - Khabarovsk: Non-governmental educational company of additional professional education in the form of autonomous non-commercial organization “Khabarovsk management school”, 2007.

6 A.D. Khaurova, Organization of a tourism sector. - Saint-Petersburg: “Publishing house Gerda”, 2008. - 368 p.

7. Geography of the Russian inner tourism / A.B. Kosolapov. - M.: KNORUS, 2008. - 272 p.

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