Analysis of sources of emissions into the atmosphere in real time

Размещено на http://www.allbest.ru/

ANALYSIS OF SOURCES OF EMISSIONS INTO THE ATMOSPHERE IN REAL TIME

Khatmullina R.S., Sultanbekov R.R.

Annotation

the article discusses modern systems for monitoring the concentration ofpollutants and gas content of atmospheric air.

Keywords: oil refining, air pollution, harmful substances, gas, analysis, emissions.

Аннотация

Хатмуллина Р.С., Султанбеков Р.Р. АНАЛИЗ ИСТОЧНИКОВ ВЫБРОСОВ В АТМОСФЕРУ В РЕАЛЬНОМ ВРЕМЕНИ

в статье рассмотрены современные системы контроля концентрации загрязняющих веществ и загазованности атмосферного воздуха.

Ключевые слова: нефтепереработка, загрязнение воздуха, вредные вещества, анализатор качества, выбросы.

The main text

Russia occupies a leading position in the field of natural gas production, it is pumped directly from the field after pre-treatment during transportation. To deliver natural gas from the field to the consumer, it is required to travel many thousands kilometers. For this purpose, linear main gas pipelines are used, in which gas is transported to the destination under high pressure [3]. But with active production and pumping of gas, its volumes at the field decrease, which in turn leads to a decrease in the formational pressure in the reservoir, which is not enough to transport gas through the main gas pipeline. For stable transportation of gas on its way, compressor stations (CS) are being built to compress natural gas for further transportation [4]. During the operation of the CS, abnormal situations and regulated actions inevitably occur, leading to the ingress of natural gas into the atmosphere in large volumes negatively affecting the state of atmospheric air and bringing losses to the company.

Chemical pollution of atmospheric air during CS operation occurs for the following reasons:

• Gas leakage through leaky pipeline connections, thr ough microcracks and fistulas in the pipe.

• Venting of large volumes of gas into the atmosphere in emergency situations accompanied by damage to the gas pipeline or during repair work on the pipeline.

• Emission of pollutants - products of natural gas combustion, which occurs in case of emergency ruptures of pipes with subsequent gas ignition. All natural gas losses can be divided into three groups [1]:

• technological (planned) emissions during operation and repair of equipment - 79 %;

• fugitive emissions (leaks) - 17 %;

• emergency emissions - 4 %

To reduce emissions of natural gas into the atmosphere during transportation through the main linear gas pipeline and at its nodes - compressor stations in order to reduce the risk of atmospheric air pollution, it should be recommended to use the latest technologies.

During analysis, it was found that there is no real -time system for monitoring emissions into the atmosphere at the ELOU-6 installation of Bashneft-BashneftNovoil. monitoring pollutant atmospheric air

Creation of an automatic control system includes the following steps:

a) determination of stationary sources and indicators of emissions and (or) discharges subject to control by automatic measuring instruments, their pre-project inspection;

b) development and approval of the program for the creation of an automatic control system (hereinafter referred to as the program);

c) design of an automatic control system;

d) supply and installation of equipment necessary for the creation of an automatic control system;

e) acceptance of the automatic control system into operation;

f) commissioning of the automatic control system.

Stationary sources of discharges included in the program are:

a) wastewater discharges from a stationary source are formed during the operation of technical devices;

b) wastewater discharges by a stationary source into the total volume of wastewater discharged from Category I facilities is more than 15 percent;

c) availability of means and methods for measuring concentrations of pollutants in the operating conditions of a stationary source of discharges.

At the stage of determining stationary sources and indicators of emissions and (or) discharges and a pre-project survey of such sources are conducted:

a) collection and (or) analysis of information on the composition and indicators of emissions and (or) discharges by stationary sources of emissions and (or) discharges;

b) selection of stationary sources of emissions and (or) discharges to be equipped with automatic measuring instruments, as well as means of fixation;

c) determination of the technical feasibility of automatic control under operating conditions of selected stationary sources of emissions and (or) discharges;

d) determination of emission and (or) discharge indicators subject to automatic control for each stationary source to be equipped with automatic measuring instruments;

e) determination of methods, instruments and equipment for measuring emissions and (or) discharges;

f) determination of the installation locations of measuring instruments in flues with exhaust gases in accordance with industrial safety requirements, and in the absence of industry-specific national standards for the selection of measuring sections and measuring locations for a specific industry - in accordance with the national standard of the Russian Federation GOST R EN 15259-2015 “Air quality”. Emissions from stationary sources. Requirements for the selection of measuring sections and measurement locations, the purpose and plan of measurements and the preparation of the report".

We will conduct a patent search and consider modern systems for monitoring the concentration of pollutants and the gas content of atmospheric air.

Patent No. 2,750,849 - "Real-time continuous emission control system".

The invention relates to automated complexes for monit oring the emission parameters of technological installations of objects that have a negative impact on the environment. Essence: the complex is made in the form of a stationary automatic device consisting of auxiliary equipment and two subsystems: a subsystem of measuring channels and a subsystem of an information and computing complex. Auxiliary equipment includes a compressed air preparation system, a ventilation and air conditioning system, gas pollution sensors with an alarm system, working and emergency lighting.

The subsystem of measuring channels performs the measurement function and consists of a gas-analytical channel of the analyzed gas, a channel for measuring the flow rate, a channel for measuring temperature, a channel for measuring absolute pressure, a channel for measuring the mass concentration of suspended particles. The subsystem of the information and computing complex collects, processes data, issues information to the user and transmitting information to external databases.

The subsystem of the information and computing complex is built on the basis of an industrial computer with input and output modules for analog, discrete and digital signals based on a programmable logic controller with input and output modules for analog, digital and discrete signals.

At the same time, the complex provides the possibility of implementing one of the following methods for analyzing the composition of gases: extractive cold or dry method for analyzing the composition of gases, while the gas analysis channel consists of a sampling probe with reverse purging, a heated sample transportation line, sample preparation elements, a gas analyzer for measuring the mass concentration of polluting components and a dew point transmitter; extractive hot or wet method of analysis, while the gas analysis channel consists of a sampling probe with reverse purging, a heated sample transportation line and a gas analyzer of polluting components and water vapor, measuring samples at a temperature of 185 ° C, without separating moisture.

Technical result: provision of effective fully automated emission control in real time, determination of the contribution of a specific stationary source to the overall environmental pollution, optimization of technological processes in terms of reducing their accompanying emissions, high reliability of meeting environmental requirements for the mass of emissions.

The sealing of the automatic control system is carried out during maintenance, repair or verification.

If at least one element of the automatic control system is sealed, the automatic control system is considered to be inoperative.

Maintenance, repair and verification of the automatic control system at the operational stage are carried out in accordance with the mandatory requirements and requirements of the technical documentation for the automatic control system established by the legislation of the Russian Federation on ensuring the uniformity of measurements.

The total duration of interruptions in the operation of the automatic control system associated with technical repairs, maintenance and verification should not exceed 28 calendar days per year, the territorial bodies of the Federal Service for Supervision of Environmental Management are informed about longer interruptions in the operation of the automatic control system.

The time of complete shutdown of technological equipment, emissions and (or) discharges of which are subject to equipment with automatic measuring instruments, as well as means of fixation, is not taken into account when calculating the duration of interruptions in the operation of the automatic control system.

In case of stopping of automatic measuring instruments or stopping of the main technological equipment, the automatic control system ensures the preservation of measurement results and accounting of emissions and (or) discharges with registration of the time and date of stopping and resuming the operation of automatic measuring instruments and main technological equipment.

Resources

1. Ivanov V.P. Annual report on the work of Purtazovskaya p/p. Purtazovskaya industrial site, 2021. 34 p.

2. How natural gas is transported. [Electronic resource]: Gazprom PJSC website.

3. Access mode to the site.: http://www.gazprominfo.ru/articles/natural-gastransportation/Patent No. 2,750,849 - "A complex of continuous emission control in real time".

4. Patent No. 114,532 - There is a spectroradiometric installation for remote monitoring of the gas contamination of the working area of chemically hazardous objects with highly toxic substances.

5. Patent 207,645 "Device for analyzing the content of aerosols and hydrocarbon vapors during the release of fuel liquids into the atmosphere". The patent holder is the Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute".

Размещено на Allbest.ru