Achievement of sustainable development by means of an ecological crystal lattice

Размещено на http://www.allbest.ru/

Achievement of sustainable development by means of an ecological crystal lattice

Volodin R., Anopchenko T.

One of the life major principles on the Earth is the life principle in harmony with the nature. The present stage of human development can be characterized as the anthropogenous ecocide.

Society development is directly connected with the development of economic thought. At the base of any economic development there are three major factors: the manpower resources, the created means of production and natural resources. Classical economic theories didn't give value to the ecological restrictions in economic development. Change of the relation to the natural factor has begun only in 70th years of the XX-th century, in connection with an aggravation of environmental problems.

The modern type of ecologo-economic development of the economy can be defined as a technogenic type of the economic development. The characteristic of a technogenic type of the economic development is presented in table 1.

technogenic economic management legal

Table 1. The characteristic of technogenic type of economic development.

The end XXth - the beginning of the XXI-st century can be characterized as the period of transition from the frontal model of economic development to the model of the environmental protection. The relation to the environmental problems as to problems of the separate regions is gradually replaced by absolutely new vision based on the global approach to the ecology. Achievement of the ecological safety and the society sustainable development is possible only in the conditions of the global ecologisation.

Necessity of the global ecologisation is defined by a number of factors:

- Increasing consumption of the natural resources, including the power resources, and requirement of search of the synthesized products of life-support of a society replacing them;

- Intensive pollution of all ecological systems, all of their components with the accruing harmful products of technological activity of mankind in the absence of the centralized international and national systems of the regulating mechanisms including necessary measures of obligatory responsibility for environmental pollution and providing its recuperation;

- Low level of the ecological culture of the population and insufficiently responsible relation of a political management of administration and enterprise circles to prevention of the ecological danger at the increase of instability of the ecological systems of various levels.

The resulted factors defining the necessity of the global ecologisation, are the most significant while there is a set of other factors influencing all vital processes on our planet in scales, both the whole human community, and a separate live organism. The ecological activity can't be considered only from a position of restriction of the resource consumption. The ecological activity should be directed on preservation and maintenance of the ecological balance of stability of the ecological systems and society development.

The main condition of the ecological stability of development of a society and environment of its habitation is the solution of social and economic problems of a society, improvement of quality of life of the population and maintenance of stability of a condition of inhabitancy. Apparently from the given condition, the stable state of environment is directly connected with quality of life of the population. To solve the given problem within the limits of the world community is impossible by creation of the universal tool of improvement of quality of life of the population and of the whole globe, owing to different levels of development of the countries. The conceptual positions on system regulation of ecological activity at hierarchical levels of the organization of the ecological systems are more rational.

There are various approaches to definition of the hierarchical levels of the ecological activity.

M.A.Danchenko considers the structure of functioning of the eсоlogo-economic system as interrelation of three basic elements: «the Nature-Enterprise-Management. Graphically, the given approach has the following appearance (figures 1):

Fig 1. The structure of functioning of the eсоlogo-economic system M.A. Danchenko.

The ecologo-economic system of such kind is relatively self-contained and not only self-regulated, but also self-organizing. Self-control is carried out through the return negative communication: the more a deviation of a current condition from the set one, the more size of penal sanctions (return negative communication); and on the contrary, the less size of a mismatch, the more size of encouragements (direct positive communication). The set condition of ecologo-economic system acts as an attractor, deducing the system on an established way. The set condition is mobile, growing. Therefore the system is self-organizing.

At introduction of a hierarchical principle of management S.V.Kostarev offers the following classification of the socioecosystem levels and corresponding distribution of imperious powers:

- Global - representatives of the world power;

- Interstate - powers of the government delegated "upwards";

- State - government level;

- Regional (an interstate component) - powers of the government delegated "downwards";

- Local (settlement, a city, area) - local government.

Graphically, it is possible to present the given model as follows (figures 2).

Fig 2. The hierarchical principle of management S.V.Kostarev

G.V.Belov allocates the following hierarchical levels of the ecological systems (figures 3).

1. Planetary ecological system

2. National ecological system.

3. Regional and local ecological systems.

4. Ecological system of the enterprise

Fig 3. Hierarchical levels of ecological systems and standard-legal base of their activity of G.V.Belov.

E.N.Bukvaryova and G.M.Aleshchenko, considering a principle of an optimum variety of biosystems, consider a problem of optimization of interaction of the person and wildlife in the form of the following hierarchical structure (figures 4):

Fig 4. The scheme of process of optimization of the socioecosystem.

Having analysed various approaches to definition of hierarchical levels of the ecological activity, we have generated own approach to this point in question, received the name of "an ecological crystal lattice». At the base of the given model there are three basic concepts: socioecosystem, system of the environmental management and a crystal lattice. We will give definitions.

Socioecosystem is a territorial community of people (society), developing itself interconnected with the natural, economic, social, cultural, spiritual environment and having certain existential parameters.

Crystal lattice - the auxiliary geometrical image entered for the analysis of a structure of a crystal.

The system of the environmental management is a part of the general control system of the enterprise which includes organizational structure, planning, responsibility distribution, practical methods, procedures, processes and the resources necessary for working out, introduction, realization, the analysis and development of an ecological policy.

According to the GOST R ISO 14001-98 a model of a control system of environment (model of system of the environmental management) looks like (figures 5):

Fig 5. Model of a control system of environment according to the standard of GOST R ISO 14001-98.

On the basis of the given definitions, the ecological crystal lattice has the following appearance (figures 6).

The appearance of an ecological crystal lattice is comparable to the appearance of a crystal lattice of diamond (drawing 7).

Fig 6. An ecological crystal lattice.

Fig 7. A crystal lattice of diamond.

The ecological system of the world is a value which people should preserve.4

At formation of an ecological crystal lattice the method of territorial heterogeneity of communications in system "influence-environment-consequence" has been used.

According to given methods, geographical differentiation of economic activities causes spatial distinctions in character and level of anthropogenous influence. Distinctions of types of the landscapes defining potential of stability to concrete kinds of influence, involve difference of dynamics of changes in the nature and leads to formation of spatial differentiation of ecological situations. In this connection the territorial aspect of an estimation of influence has great value.

Proceeding from the given position, we can construct an ecological crystal lattice of separately taken region and analyse how formation of ecological systems of concrete territory is carried out. The given analysis will allow to reveal strengths and weaknesses of region in sphere of formation of the ecological systems and to find ways on improvement of its ecological conditions.

Each of levels of the ecological crystal lattice transfers a number of the requirements which realization allows to reach desirable results to the following level. At the bottom levels, there is a revision of the given requirements according to the territorial specificity. The lower level, more concretized requirements to ecological systems are. The given position allows us to assert that the most effective measures under the decision of the environmental problems of concrete territories are carried out at the bottom levels of the ecological crystal lattice - on the regional and local levels as at the given levels problems of concrete territory are to the greatest degree solved and made decisions are treated according to the territorial specificity of the given district. The special role in improvement of the ecological systems of concrete region or a city is played by a business level of development, as an Enterprise activity is one of the basic sources of the environmental contamination, while the solution of problems at enterprise level is a basic way of the solution of the environmental problems of concrete territory.

References

1. Belov G.V. Ecological management of the enterprise: Tutorial - M.:Logos, 2006. 239 p.

2. Grekov F.F., G.B.Rjabenko, Ju. P.Smirnov the Structural crystallography -- Л: publishing house « LGPI, 1988.

3. Lapina M. A. The ecological right. The educational-methodical complex//the Moscow institute of economy, management and the right, 2010

4. Stolbov V.А., M.D.Sharygin Introduction in economic and social geography - M: Publishing house: Dropha, 2007 - 253 p.

5. Bukvaryova E.N., G.N.Aleshchenko Principle of an optimum variety of biosystems//Successes of modern biology Т.125, №4, 2005

6. Danchenko M. A. Ecological-economic system of the government nature management .//Self-organizing and the power organization. Materials of the fourth All-Russia constantly operating scientific seminar "Self-organizing of steady integrities in the nature and a society", 2000.

7. Kostarev S.V. Self-organizing and management in hierarchical socially-ecological system//Self-organizing and the power organization. Materials of the fourth All-Russia constantly operating scientific seminar "Self-organizing of steady integrity in the nature and a society", 2000.

8. Bitukova V.R. Ecological-economic division into districts as the major part of socially-ecological researches of the urbanized territories,-http://www.ecoross.ru/old/bit_s.htmф

Размещено на Allbest.ru