A proposal for a museum of architecture and urbanism by utulising the unused underground space in the city (focused on planning the unused underground parking area between Jongmyo and Sewoon Building from the view point of urban hacking)

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A proposal for a museum of architecture and urbanism by utulising the unused underground space in the city (focused on planning the unused underground parking area between Jongmyo and Sewoon Building from the view point of urban hacking)

Yoo Hyeon Seok, Koo Young-Min

INHA University, Incheon, South Korea

Abstract

Абстракт

Предложение по превращению неиспользуемого подземного городского пространства в музей архитектуры (направлено на перепланировку неиспользуемой подземной парковки между святилищем Чонмё и торговым центром Севун)

Ю Хён Сок, Ку Ян Мин

Университет ИНХА, Инчхон, Корея

Выбран участок между парадной частью святилища Чонмё и площадью Севун в качестве места строительства. Цель настоящего исследования состоит в том, чтобы предложить проект музея архитектуры и урбанизма, где горожане, как субъекты культуры, знакомятся с городскими изменениями, участвуют в них и «общаются» с ними. Кроме того, предложено расширение подземной стоянки Чонмё для преобразования хронологической границы в пространство

Ключевые слова: музей урбанизма и архитектуры, хронологическая граница, урбанистическое подземное пространство.

Introduction

To resolve the extinction of various landscapes and conflicts of boundaries, this study attempts to apply an idea of `Urban Hacking'. As the word `hacking' means `exploring the other side of something for pure enjoyment' and `infiltrating the information system', urban hacking refers to demolishing, experiencing and reconstructing the boundaries on various city borders through activities such as exploration of prohibited areas and infrastructure, and climbing over a wall. Selecting a large idle space, located between Jongmyo and Sewoon Arcade, where the axis of urbanization developed centering on Jongno, meets with the time of Joseon as the site, the study attempts to extend the underground parking lot of Jongmyo, to convert temporal boundaries imprinted on the site into space, and eventually to proposes urban architecture museum where people, as a subject of culture, can participate by this study

Site Analysis

The Site Condition and Potentials

museum architecture urbanism city

The boundary area, where the axis of the Joseon Dynasty from Changdeokgung to Jongmyo and the modern architecture from Namsan and Euljiro to Sewoon Arcade meet, is selected as the site. As the population increased in the 1980s and 1990s, urbanization began in all directions from the center of the Gangbuk area which means the northern area of the Han River. During this period, construction projects for large-scale infrastructure provided Seoul with urban infrastructure such as public transportation, roads, water supply and sewerage. But due to haphazard urban renewal project, the fourth and fifth basement level of the underground parking lot of Jongmyo is rarely used in present time. In addition, the park on the ground above the parking lot which was originally residential area, is neither a park of city, nor of Jongmyo, nor of Sewoon Arcade.

Site reading

Macro Urban Environment

Fig, 1. Urban Boundary Change in Seoul

The Gangbuk area, where the site is located, began to be developed to the capital of the Joseon Dynasty in 1394, and has been gradually expanded throughout the Japanese Occupation period and the Korean War. However, as this old area remained as a downtown of Gangbuk and the city was expanded out to the Gangnam, due to the increase in the population in 1980s and 1990s, a so called modern city began to develop. In addition, as hosting the 86 Asian Games and the 88 Olympic Games, aggressive urban renewal and improvement policies were implemented in the Gangbuk area, which was underdeveloped. In this process, the places along Jongno completely had been erased by several times of Jongmyo sanctification and urban renewal projects.

Micro Urban Environment

Fig. 2. History and Context Change

The 760-meter-long Evacuation Empty Space created near the site in 1945 has become today's `Sewoon Arcade', a monumental architecture of modern times, since 1968, however, many places around this area, which have recorded the history of Japanese Occupation period and the Korean War, had been vanished away by several rounds of urban renewal projects. The site has resulted in creating a border condition where old and new are collided with each other, namely, the Jongmyo and the Sewoon Arcade. In addition, as a result of the urban renewal project continued until 2007, the then largest underground parking lot in the East and Jongmyo park were installed. However, the schemeless urban facilities has made public city park contextless with perishment of various landscapes of residential, commercial, and cultural buildings, and produced lots of idle spaces in the underground parking lot.

Sub Conclusion

Fig. 3. Site Conditions

Site analysis results in the following problems:

The purpose of the park occupying the plaza in front of Jongmyo is not certain

There is no border area of negotiation that links disconnection between Sewoon square and Jongmyo

Motive for spatial linkage through storytelling is needed

There are no programs or stories that tell the history and culture of the city at a glance.

Design

Design Concept and Direction

By extending city's axis, which links the underground parking lot with Sewoon Arcade, to the underground space, and by recomposing the vertical layers into horizontal fragments, boundary space where both areas are collided with each other is to be organized. The habit of `urban hacking' is to be utilized as a way of experiencing the boundary area where each node are met. In other words, acts of exploring prohibited areas in the city, the infrastructures, and crossing walls, are made possible for users to enjoy tearing down and penetrate the various urban boundaries.

Design Strategy

Each node is

By renovating 3100 m2 cement factory in Barcelona, Spain, Ricardo Bofill's architecture studio and residence were built. Studios, galleries, and gardens were installed beyond the function while the original structure of the factory symbolizing the long period of the industrialization was remained. And the rooftop and green wall garden were proposed as a way of blurring the boundary between the nature and the buildings.

Fig. 6. The Factory

Fig. 7. Franklin Court

Benjamin Franklin's demolished building site was made to a Park. A `ghost structure' was built on the ground to commemorate his house and printing office and open park was planned by using the remaining arch structures. In addition, underground space is made of the cellar kitchen of existing house. 'Benjamin Franklin Museum' is located in this site providing various cultural and historic information.

The Lowline (Raad Studio)

The Lowline is a project to create a subterranean park of about 4000 m2 in a terminal which has been abandoned for about 70 years since the cease of operating the Trolley in 1948. The purpose of this park is to create a "secret jungle in the city" where more than 1,000 kinds of vegetation are inhabited by controlling the natural condensed sunlight penetrated into the underground.

Fig. 8. The Lowline

Design Process

Zoning and planning

Fig. 9. Zoning and Design Process

Design Result

Plans

Section

Fig. 9. Plans (G.L. Plan, B1 Level Plan, B2 Level Plan)

Model photos

Fig. 10. Model photos

Conclusion

Unlike the existing urban architecture museum which has been educating and leading the users, by providing space for the participants to experience and explore themselves, this project no longer serves as simple functions of spectacular exhibition and viewing, but provides a space that accompanies activities such as experiencing the other side of the city as pure pleasure or infiltrating the system. By this, the citizens can autonomously interpret the existing contexts in a multi-layered manners to create a new story, and acquire the actual meaning of historicity through the pluralistic experiences of urban context. Experiencing the boundaries of the dramatized nodes, realizing the ecology of the city, and appreciating the abandoned underground space could be a new cultural channel to overcome the limit of one dimensional urban regeneration.

References

Bradley L. Garrett, Explore Everything: Place-Hacking the City, Verso, 2013

Koo, Young-min, Space in betweenj, Spacetime, 2008

Italo Calvino, Invisible Cities, Minumsa, 1972

Dan Brown, Inferno, Doubleday, 2013

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