The planning theory with revitalization of public and private housing for the integrating compact city in the case of Tome city in Miyagi prefecture

Размещено на http://www.allbest.ru/

THE PLANNING THEORY WITH REVITALIZATION OF PUBLIC ANDPRIVATE HOUSING FOR THE INTEGRATING COMPACT CITYIN THE CASE OF TOME CITY IN MIYAGI PREFECTURE

Honoka Yasuda, Tsuyoshi Setoguchi

HU, Sapporo, Japan

Abstract

A formation of the integrating compact city is in need due to serious population decline in local cities. Revitalization of public housing plays a crucial role in an integrating of public facilities and residence function into urban bases. However public housing is assessed by its efficiencies like a decrepitude in an ordinary revitalization planning. Here I show the revitalization planning of public housing with an assessment by an estimate of future population. In the area where the population will decrease, aged housing will be taken down. On the other hand, public housing will be maintained or rebuild in the area where the population will not decline in the future. As a result of this, the integrating compact city composed of urban bases, where the population will remain, can be formed by the revitalization of public housing. This paper will begin by the grasp of the present situation of the object city and the public housing. Next, it will test ways to assess public housing. Finally, I propose a revitalization project of public housing with the private sector and conclude the planning theory for the integrating compact city.

Keyword: compact city, population decline, urban base, housing by the private sector, assessment public housing.

Абстракт

ПЛАН ПО ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЮ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО И ЧАСТНОГО ЖИЛЬЯ. СОЗДАНИЕ КОМПАКТНОГО ГОРОДА НА ПРИМЕРЕ Г. ТОМЕ, ПРЕФЕКТУРА МИЯГИ

Хонока Ясуда, Тсуёши Сетогучи

Университет Хоккайдо, Саппоро, Япония

Создание интегрированного компактного города необходимо из-за серьезного сокращения населения в небольших городах. Восстановление государственного жилья играет решающую роль в объединении общественных объектов и функций проживания для формирования городской среды. Однако государственное жилье оценивается по его эффективности как устаревшее в плане активизации. Здесь я показываю план активизации государственного жилья с оценкой будущего населения. В районе, где население уменьшится, старое жилье будет снесено. С другой стороны, государственное жилье будет поддерживаться или перестраиваться в районе, где численность населения не уменьшится в будущем. В результате этого интегрированный компактный город, состоящий из городских основ, где население будет оставаться неизменным, может быть сформирован путем восстановления государственного жилья. Статья начнется с демонстрации присутствующей на данный момент ситуации объектов города и государственного жилья. Далее будут рассмотрены способы оценки государственного жилья. В заключении, я предлагаю проект восстановления государственного жилья с частным сектором и завершаю теорию планирования интегрирующегося компактного города.

Ключевые слова: компактный город, сокращение населения, городская основа, жилье с частным сектором, оценка государственного жилья.

Introduction

city tome housing private

Local cities in Japan are facing a declining birthrate and an aging population. Besides the financial stringency is seriously at issue because of an increase in operation and maintenance costs with old public facilities. Therefore, a formation of the integrating compact city is in need. Furthermore, public housing doesn't only work for the house needy but also plays a role as a measure that municipal corporations can directly take policies for urban revitalization and reorganization urban structure. Because of these reasons, planning with the revitalization of public housing for the compact city have been studied ever. However public housing is assessed by its efficiencies like a decrepitude in an ordinary revitalization planning. This paper aims to examine the assessments of public housing in Tome city by an estimate of future population. Moreover, it aims to reveal the planning theory with the revitalization of public housing with the private sector for the integrating compact city. Recently, many local cities, towns, and villages in Japan merge together and it is difficult to consider how they manage these merged municipalities in the population decline age. Therefore, I targeted Tome city, which is merged with nine towns, for this report.

1. The present situation of tome city and its public housing

Tome city needs to form the integrating compact city. This city, located in the northeast of Miyagi prefecture, was born from the merger of nine towns in 2007. Before this, each town had been also merged over and over, so that there remains the construction of these then towns now. However, from the evaluation of the future population by National Institute of Population and Social Security Research (2017) (figure.1), we can see that the population of the whole city will decline remarkably expect for the central district, Sanuma area in Hasama town. This suggests that the city will not be able to maintain the construction of towns before the merger. Thus, it is necessary to form the compact city composed of urban bases in order to support the lives of the inhabitants in the future.

Fig. 1. Distribution of the Population in Tome City (In 2020 and 2050)

The character of public housing in Tome is twofold; it dispersed around the city because it was constructed by each then towns, and some of the houses have become too old for use (figure.2). Tome city manages 82 housing developments, totaled 1,141 public houses at present (March 2018) and 321 houses (28.1%) has passed the legal durable years. Additionally, 733 houses, which account for 64.2% of all public houses, have passed half of the legal durable years. It needs to consider how we should manage public housing of Tome city in the era population declining.

Fig.2. Location of Public Housing in Tome City (March, 2018)

Here I tested three types of ways to assess public housing for revitalization, and the comparison of these ways revealed the importance of assessment of public housing for the formation of urban bases. As a first step, I picked out three points of view for the assessment; [ efficiency] how public housing gets decrepit, [ future population] whether the future population will remain around public housing, [ future location of public facilities] whether public facilities will remain around public housing. (A)With these points, I suggest the flow chart (figure.3-A) which assesses public housing and judges revitalization plan (hereinafter, this is called " assessment A "). (B)Next, I checked the flow chart (figure.3-B), made by Tome city, to assess public housing. This chart assesses it with a focus on the degree of decrepitude mainly, so revitalization plan as a result of this assessment is not related to the city plan. (C)Furthermore, I added the assessment of future population to the assessment B (figure.3-C). By so doing, we can make a revitalization plan which will lead to the formation of urban bases in the future. To be concrete, public housing located in the population declining areas will be taken down actively, whereas ones located in the population remained areas will be continuously maintained or rebuild. From the table of the revitalization plan, the assessment A and C resulted rebuilding more public housing than assessment C. It should also be added that the assessment A and C resulted taking down fewer houses located in the areas where the population will remain in the future. By these, there will be some urban bases integrated with residence function. Finally, we held the meeting for an exchange of ideas about the revitalization of public housing with the municipal officers in Tome city. As a consequence, we should attach special importance to the assessment of public housing by evaluating the future population in order to the formation of urban bases. Moreover, the need to revitalize public housing by utilizing the vitality of the private sector became obvious. Details of this will be described in the next section.

Fig. 3. The Comparison of 3 assessments of Public Housing

2. Revitalization project with private housing

From the necessity of revitalization with utilizing the vitality of the private sector, I looked into the project of private housing in Shikama town as the precedent, and as a result of this, I proposed the revitalization project in Tome city. Since the financial stringencies for building and maintenance public housing are serious for local cities, we need to explore ways of utilizing the vitality of the private sector for the revitalization of public housing. Therefore, I investigated the case of "the housing project of the activating region in Shikama town". This project is managed by the method that the private enterprise builds and possesses houses and the city leases and maintains them for a fixed period of time (figure.4). It aims to promote young people moving to and settle down in the center of Shikama town from the other municipalities. I sent out questionnaires to the residents of these houses (47 residents (88.8% of all) answered from October to November 2018). As it turned out, people from the other municipalities require preparation of good surroundings for caring for children and convenience of everyday life so that young people are especially promoted to move to and settle in.

Fig. 4. The Housing Project of Activating Region in Shikama Town and its Schema

I proposed the revitalization project by utilizing the vitality of the private sector in the site where the Shinmachi (in Toyosato town of Tome city) housing development is. Since the future population of this area will not decline and the public facilities around the public development will also remain, this project aims to have the young people with children move to Tome city from the other municipalities. In the light of the result of questionnaires, I made a proposal that the private enterprise rebuilds new houses and construct park and community space in addition to houses for the residents, and the city maintains them (figure.5).

Fig. 5. The revitalization project of Shitamachi housing development

From the above studies, we can make the model project of housing revitalization by utilizing the vitality of the private sector in the process for the formation of the integrating compact city by the revitalization of public housing.

Conclusion

To conclude, the revitalization planning of public housing with an assessment of future population makes it possible to form the integrating compact city composed of urban bases where the population will remain in the future. The revitalization planning I suggested is summarized as follows: [1]housing developments located in the areas where the future population will decline is considered to be demolished, [2]ones located in the areas where the population will remain is maintained continuously, [3]old ones located in the areas the population will remain is rebuilt, and [4]we consider the possibility of utilizing the vitality of the private sector in the revitalization of the houses located in the urban bases. The possibilities of housing revitalization projects by utilizing the vitality of the private sector need to be further investigated in future research.

References

1. Shogo Yadomoto. (2014). Regional creation triggered by rebuilding public housing: introduction of private sector in public housing development. Zenken journal, 53(5), 10-13

2. Tsuyoshi Setoguchi. (2009). The Proposal of Restructuring of Public Housing Situations for livable continue in YUBARI City: The Compact City Planning Approaches with Public Housing Relocations. Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transaction of AIJ),73-176.

3. Tome City (2016). Tome City Master Plan for Housing

4. Masaru Sugawara & Yozo Ueda & Hidatsa Kobayashi & Tsuyoshi Setoguchi. (1993). Public Housing Project as an Urban Planning strategy: With special reference to 38 examples in "HOPE PLAN". Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transaction of AIJ), 66, 469472.

Размещено на Allbest.ru