The thinking of "environment" and its architectural design plactice of kentchi shimomura, architect

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The thinking of "environment" and its architectural design plactice of kentchi shimomura, architect

Ryota Sato, Takeo Ozawa

HU, Sapporo, Japan

Abstract

Kenichi Shimomura (1946 ~) is an architect based in Hokkaido since '78. In Hokkaido in the ssHokkaido. Shimomura advocated “environment” in the office name, stating that “I want to create a place where people live and the environment itself, instead of just building things on the ground.” I've been going. Previous studies have provided an overview of Shimomura's background and architectural activities, but have not clarified the relationship between design philosophy and the development of design techniques. In this paper, we focus on Shimomura's architectural activities related to the environment, and analyze the discourses and 32 representative works to clarify the thinking about the environment and the development of concrete methods for creating the environment. With the goal. This seeks to find the issues of architectural design research unique to Hokkaido from the architect's thoughts and architectural works, and complements the Japanese architectural history from a regional perspective.

Keyword: Architect,Hokkaido,Architectural esign,Environment,Ken'ichi

Shimomura

shimomura environment architectural

РАЗМЫШЛЕНИЯ О “СРЕДЕ” И ЕЕ АРХИТЕКТУРНОЙ ПЛАСТИЧНОСТИ АРХИТЕКТОРА КЕНИЧИ ШИМОМУРА

Сато Рёта, Такео Озава

Университет Хоккайдо, Саппоро, Япония

Абстракт

Кеничи Шимомура (1946 ~) архитектор, живущий на Хоккайдо с 1978 года. Шимомура выступил в защиту “среды”, заявив: “Я хочу создать место, где будут жить люди, и где будет жить сама среда, а не просто строить коробки на земле. Я ухожу.”. Ранее проведенные исследования представляли собой обзор жизни и архитектурной деятельности Шимомуры, но не проясняли связь между философией дизайна и развитием его методов. В этой статье мы рассмотрим архитектурную деятельность Шимомуры, связанную с концепцией “среды”, проанализируем дискурсы и 32 репрезентативные работы, для понимания этой концепции и формирования конкретных методов для ее практического применения. Цель данной работы - стремление отыскать исследования и работы архитектурной мысли, уникальные для Хоккайдо, а также дополнить японскую историю архитектуры местной региональной историей.

Ключевые слова: архитектор, Хоккайдо, архитектурный дизайн, среда, Кеничи Шимомура.

Thinking about the environment._In this chapter, 162 texts that reflect Shimomura's thoughts on the environment were extracted from the written materials, and the contents were supplemented by interviews. Shimomura considers that "environment" is composed of the relations of "nature", "city / architecture", "human" and "activity", so he organized the text according to the correspondence between these four elements. In particular, the contents related to architectural design are summarized in four points (a) to (c), which relate the relationship between "architecture / city" and other elements.

How architecture relates to people Shimomura emphasizes the aspects of architecture as a media, as architecture and cityscapes give people a strong impression. He denied selfish design that architecture should be designed for owners and users, and promptly encouraged citizens to participate in the planning phase.

Interaction between space and activity: Shimomura states that the atmosphere of the place is bom from the relationship between activity and space and appears as a v, and iew. And expresses the idea that activity and architecture creates each other.

Hokkaido's unique living environment Shimomura believes that the uniqueness of history and climate enhances the future of Hokkaido. During his activities, he is looking for a unique architectural design in Hokkaido.

Coexistence of nature with city / architecture: Shimomura showed the concept of “forest-oriented city” that coexists with forests, the idea of incorporating nature into cities architecture, and the idea of “wood education” that connects wood and people. E. Boundary design: Shimomura uses the concept of "boundary" to create a relationship between the elements that make up the "environment".

Thinking about the environment. Here I tested three types of ways to assess public housing for revitalization, and the comparison of these ways revealed the importance of assessment of public housing for the formation of urban bases. As a first step, I picked out three points of view for the assessment; [ efficiency] how public housing gets decrepit, [ future population] whether the future population will remain around public housing, [ future location of public facilities] whether public facilities will remain around public housing. (A)With these points, I suggest the flow chart (figure.3-A) which assesses public housing and judges revitalization plan (hereinafter, this is called " assessment A ").

Next, I checked the flow chart (figure.3-B), made by Tome city, to assess public housing. This chart assesses it with a focus on the degree of decrepitude mainly, so revitalization plan as a result of this assessment is not related to the city plan.

Furthermore, I added the assessment of future population to the assessment В (figure.3-C). By so doing, we can make a revitalization plan which will lead to the formation of urban bases in the future. To be concrete, public housing located in the population declining areas will be taken down actively, whereas ones located in the population remained areas will be continuously maintained or rebuild. From the table of the revitalization plan, the assessment A and C resulted rebuilding more public housing than assessment C. It should also be added that the assessment A and C resulted taking down fewer houses located in the areas where the population will remain in the future. By these, there will be some urban bases integrated with residence function. Finally, we held the meeting for an exchange of ideas about the revitalization of public housing with the municipal officers in Tome city. As a consequence, we should attach special importance to the assessment of public housing by evaluating the future population in order to the formation of urban bases. Moreover, the need to revitalize public housing by utilizing the vitality of the private sector became obvious. Details of this will be described in the next section.

Practice in architectural works. In this chapter, considering the attitude of Shimomura to the design based on the design of the boundary described above, the spatial characteristics of architectural works are analyzed based on the three relationships between the site and its surroundings, the exterior and interior, and the interior space. The features of the design process were examined (Figure 2).

Relationship between the site and the surroundings There were characteristics in the traffic lines, volume, and materials. The inside and outside of the premises will be continuous with multiple approaches and traffic lines passing through the building (A-l). In addition, a varied appearance is formed by a combination of geometric volumes such as rectangles and cones (A-2). Furthermore, by contrasting the material that blends naturally with the white finish and the non-transparent material and the glass material, it impresses the appearance of the building and reduces the profound feeling of volume (A-З). It can be pointed out that A-2 and A-З are methods of actively creating cityscapes with a characteristic appearance in harmony with the surroundings.

Relationship between the outside and the inside: The opening, the lighting, and the material were distinctive. The large opening creates visual continuity with the outside, creating a sense of openness inside. Many things are visually connected to nature, such as trees (B-l). In addition, a uniform and soft light environment is created by lighting from the top, such as top lights and high side lights (B-2). Furthermore, the interior and exterior continuity is created by unifying or approximating the finish of the interior walls and floor with the exterior (B-3). It can be pointed out that these are techniques to create

figure. 2 Characteristics of practice in architectural works

a bright and open interior space by actively taking in the outside even in snowy and cold regions. In addition, these features are remarkable in the entrance and the entrance hall, and create a continuous space experience from the outside to the inside, strongly impressing the openness in the building to the user.

Relationship between internal spaces: The ceiling, the shape of the space, and the installation were characterized. The continuous space segment (C-l) and the characteristic space shape (C-2) are created by the roof form and the volume with the curved surface. The emphasis is also placed on facilities (C-3) that characterize the space created by planting and furniture. It can be pointed out that C-l and C-2 are techniques for creating the character of the space by comparing the shape of the space, and C-3 is a

technique for strengthening the character of the space and complementing the concept of the whole architecture.

In addition, it can be pointed out that the methods of volume, material, and opening are used across A, B, and C in order to create openness of the internal space, continuity between the inside and outside, and a characteristic appearance.

Citizens' Collaboration-The KJ method is used to gather citizens' requests and opinions from workshops with citizens, and the attitude of organizing their own design thinking through citizens' collaboration can be said to be characteristic.

Relationship between thinking about "environment” and practice in architectural works. In this chapter, Shimomura's thoughts on "environment" and the characteristics of architecture and people (A) is the appearance expression and flow line, the collaboration between citizens (A, D), and the mutual relationship between space and activity (B) is the flow line (A). A-l) and the character of the interior space (C), Hokkaido's unique living environment (C) is in the opening (B-1,2), and the symbiosis of nature with city / architecture (D) is the material (A-3). ) And openings (B-1,2). From these, it can be pointed out that thinking about the "environment" is reflected in the method of creating openness inside and outside continuity and the characteristic appearance. In addition, А, В, C, all methods are used simultaneously in 28 works. Throughout the work, various techniques are repeatedly used throughout the work, and the techniques practiced in one work are diversifying in later works. In particular, the work (D), which was designed in collaboration with citizens since the early 90's, uses a wider variety of techniques, and exchanges ideas with people with different values and methods. Shimomura's idea of organizing consensus and forming consensus with citizens has emerged. From the above, Shimomura creates relationships between spaces, spaces and people, and people by designing the environment and boundaries of architectural works.

Conclusion

This paper clarified Shimomura's thoughts on the environment and the development of concrete methods for creating the environment through architectural design. Shimomura considers the environment as a whole based on the relationship between the four elements of nature, city / architecture, humans, and activities, and creates an open activity space that emphasizes human impressions and emotions. -The architecture was designed as a boundary that creates a relationship between space and people by connecting the four elements that make up the "environment", such as the active creation of landscapes in nature. In Hokkaido, which is characterized by the cold climate and the use of low-density land, it can be positioned as an exploration of a form of architecture that has a sense of openness and diversity in the interior space and appearance.

From the above, Shimomura's design philosophy and practice can be evaluated as unique to Shimomura, who worked on the design of public buildings in Hokkaido.

Reference

Takeshi Koshino, "Architecture in Hokkaido and the Northern Cultural Sphere", November 2018 issue of Architecture Magazine Vol.133 Nol717, Architectural Institute of Japan.

"From Kenichi Shimomura's Architecture (Monozukuri of Monozukuri) / Hokkaido" Asahi NEWS PAPER Evening 2000/07/19.

Yo Kaneko " History and Architectural Activities of Architect Kenichi Shimomura " Bachelor thesis 2017 at Hokkaido University

Since Shimomura states that only one of his environmental design works can be called his own work, this study covers 32 works selected by Shimomura himself out of a total of 103 works. (From a hearing conducted on September 19,2019.)

As written materials, 15 books written by Shimomura, 13 books written by others about Shimomura, such as interviews with Shimomura and criticism of Shimomura's work, 18 materials designed for Shimomura's 1 and 16 works assisted by writing. Treat as a target.

A total of five interviews were conducted with the authors of interviews with Shimomura conducted by the author on August 20, 2019, August 30, 2019, September 19, September 26, and October 27, and by Kaneko conducted on November 11, 2017. Hearings are used.

From a hearing held on October 27,2019.

the April 2004 issue of "The Architects and Qualification System in the Region", JIA "Architects".

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