Suggestion of new residential space through Mullae-Dong area’s change of Choseon housing administration called as "yeongdan jootaekji" in Korea

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Suggestion of new residential space through Mullae-Dong area's change of Choseon housing administration called as “yeongdan jootaekji” in Korea

Hong Eunji, Jang Jihyeok, Cho Yonghoon, HKNU

Abstract

Mullae-dong of Choseon housing administration is one of the residential areas that have undergone various environmental changes since its construction of 1941. The residential environments of this area have been changed continuously in various aspects of residents' living convenience and city congestion, but these changes made the village even worse. Therefore, this study tries to propose new regeneration method by introducing new concept of 'village remodeling'.

Keywords. mullae-dong, choseon housing administration, residential area, village remodeling

Абстракт

Предложение нового жилого пространства через изменение района Мулла-Дон зоны административного хозяйства Чосеон

Хонг Юньзи, Чан Цзихюк, Чо Юнхуон, ГУХК

Район Мулла-дон административного центра Чосеон является одним из жилых районов, подвергшихся различным изменениям окружающей среды с момента его строительства в 1941 г. Жилые здания этого квартала непрерывно менялись с точки зрения развития более комфортного проживания жителей. Кроме этого существовали проблемы перенаселенности, но эти изменения не сделали район хуже. В этом исследовании делается попытка предложить новый метод регенерации путем введения новой концепции «деревенского ремоделирования».

Ключевые слова: мулла-дон, избранное управление жильем, жилой район, ремоделирование деревни.

Introduction

Mullae-dong is an area that has a lot of problems coming from the city congestion from past to present because of traffic convenience. At 1941, during the Japanese colonial period, Mullae-dong `Yeongdan' residential area was constructed for workers who flocked to Seoul in order to get a job. At 1970s, this area was the place where the rapid population increase caused the reckless annex to the main building. But now, the economic struggle between new construction and remodeling method is settled down, this area has become the only place of Seoul where the prototype of `Yeongdan' housing residential area remained relatively much. During these times, the citizens' attitude toward urban residential areas going forward was not a cultural heritage preservation but rather a retrofitting site for speculation, but now the viewpoint of citizens' viewpoint, which these kinds of time honored residential area like Mullae-dong can be regarded as an organism that can create an refreshing and alive atmosphere on the dilapidated urban district and it can be utilized as a link point that can connect the past and the present of this kind of modernized city like Seoul, is gradually expanding, because these kinds of old districts in Korea were survived in the midst of the war and political upheaval.

In this changing attitude towards the target area, this researcher regarded the present condition of this area not as a malicious outcome of speculation but as a new refreshing power which can change the city positively because this spatial change was come from the inhabitants' requirements due to the change of living environment. Therefore, this research suggest the `village remodeling' method as good means of improving this time honored area's residential condition by way of a connection linking the broken history of this city and by way of a new urban regeneration method which utilizes the inhabitants' natural spatial changes.

Suggestion of village remodeling

The biggest problem of this target area is a narrow road. Originally the road was 2-3m wide, but it was intruded bit by bit by house expansion and finally the road was reduced to 1m wide or less. Residents got a wider personal area due to the expansion of buildings, but the area available to the public decreased more than twice as much as the increase in the personal area. In this part, this researcher suggests that the individual site which were occupied by reckless expansion shall be returned to a wide alley which can function as public space, and eventually proposes a plan that all the inhabitants can have a more spacious and pleasant village.

Fig. 1. Location of Mullae-dong, Seoul

Fig. 2. Location of site, Mullae-dong

At the construction time of 1941, the houses were separated from the road without fence and the residents could not use the yard personally. But after Korea Liberation of 1945, the open yard was changed into a closed space by installing a private fence, and therefore, the closed yard, which became a private space gradually, was utilized as a family living space such as washing clothes or exercising. By introducing this external living space, the residents could enjoy much different outside activities which could not be possible inside the internal living space.

The inside space of house that was the central corridor was changed to the living floor space that is called `Maru' after Liberation of 1945. The central corridor type in house was originally created to distinguish the living areas of the family, such as family and guests, so that they could reach each their room through the corridor without passing through the room. Here, the corridor space is a passing place that plays a subsidiary role to distinguish each living area without intruding other room. However, the traditional living floor space which is called `Maru' was used as a multiple function place to perform events such as family's eating, performing ancestral rites or relatives' gathering, and sometimes used as a passage space from yard to room or room to yard. In other word, the `Maru' is inserted between the rooms and the rooms or between the rooms and yard and function in variety as the center of family life, i.e. it can be said as a multiple space that combines various functions. This living floor space is similar to the living room in contemporary housing, but as it is connected to the yard sometimes, it can be distinguished in its role of sharing or integrating the room.

Considering this multiple function of `Maru' of transformed `Yeongdan' house, this researcher suggests that this kind of multiple space shall be introduced to newly designed modern residence to integrate individual and personal space or create a new refreshing space where interior and exterior are smoothly connected to make a change in modern personal housing life. Lastly, the greatest change of present-day house is the expansion of the house by the demand of rental room according to population concentration to the urban area. The rental room `Settbang' is one of the biggest phenomena coming from urbanization process, and at the time when `Settbang' was built, it could be one of the solutions to urban population growth. Because this rental room `Settbang' system led people to share kitchens and toilets with strangers, the researcher utilized this rental system as a communication method in the house to overcome the modern individualism and isolation coming from urbanization process.

Fig. 3. Reduced alley by reckless building expansion

Fig. 4. Privatization of open yard

Fig. 5. Changing from central corridor type to living floor space type called `Maru '

Conclusion

In addition to the housing design, the village unit shall be divided into several block units, and the building with the roof prototype is restored into the original house type and is used as a village community. Community programs including a laundry room, a public bathhouse, a study room, a library, a resting shelter, and a children's playground can be provided in this village community building, and a village park can be imported at the place where the original village office was located at the time of construction in order to breathe the whole village from the center. The most important thing in this proposal was to find a way to preserve and to restore the original `Yeongdan' house type physically and externally. As a newly restored and refreshing residential area, the researcher proposed a newly created atmosphere through village remodeling design method which apply residents' changing pattern of living conditions to the new housing design language, and restored the grid-shaped roads with enough width for emergency traffic, and restored several `Yeongdan' house with original style. However, it can be pointed out that the newly suggested master-plan is lack of efficiency of land between apartments and detached houses and that the study to find the original shape of `Yeong- dan' housing type is insufficient because too much changes and additions are occurred during these past 75 years.

Fig. 6. Suggestion of two rental zones to be separated by introducing sharing space between them

Fig. 7. Suggestion offirst floor plan with original housing style restoration

mullae-dong village remodeling

References

1. Mitsuru Kawabata, A Study on the Houses constructed by Choseon Housing Administration, Master Thesis of Seoul National University, 1990

2. Mitsuru Kawabata, Masanori Tomii, Gwangno Lee. A Study on the Site Planning and Houses constructed by Choseon Housing Administration - Based on the Survey of Houses of Mullae-Dong (Dorim-Jung), Architectural Institute of Korea - 1990.4. - pp. 158~163, Seoul

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