The programs of downtown living project on public housing toward compact cities

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The programs of downtown living project on public housing toward compact cities

Ito Takumi,

Setoguchi Tsuyoshi

HU, Sapporo, Japan

Abstract

In this paper, it is a purpose to clarify effects and challenges of Downtown Living Project by assessments of public housing project in Hokkaido. By doing this, I suggest the programs of Downtown Living Project on public housing development toward compact cities.

Keywords: Public Housing; Downtown Living; Compact Cities; Urban Design

Ито Такуми, Сетогути Тсуёси

УХ, Саппоро, Япония

СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВО ОБЩЕСТВЕННОГО ЖИЛЬЯ В РАМКАХ ПРОЕКТА "ЖИЗНЬ В ДЕЛОВОМ ЦЕНТРЕ" ДЛЯ КОМПАКТНЫХ ГОРОДОВ

Цель этой статьи - рассказать о влиянии и проблематике проекта "Жизни в деловом центре", дать оценку проекту общественного жилья в Хоккайдо. На этой основе, автор предлагает программу развития общественного жилья в рамках проекта "Жизнь в деловом центре" для компактных городов. housing public business

Ключевые слова: общественное жилье, жизнь в деловом центре, компактные города, градостроительство

Annotation

*l."Deae-rn Project" means a municipal housing project that carries out high quality housing supply to parenting households and provision of child rearing support services together. In recent years, it is also aimed at solving regional issues other than child rearing support accompanying maintenance in a town.

*2.Questionnaire about housing tenants (Kushiro/Muroran/Fukagawa) Date: 10/7-21,10/ 11-21, 10/13-24, Dwellings: 40/35/60, Distribution: 38/34/57, Recovered: 23/26/30, Recovered rate(%): 61/76/53

*3.Questionnaire for child rearing support user (Muroran/Fukagawa) Date: 9/29, 10/13, 10/27, 9/30, 10/3, 10/5,10/7,10/12,10/14,10/17, Recovered: 24/34

*4.Questionnaire survey around Kushiro city date: 10/21-11/4, Distribution: 721, Recovered: 194, Recovered rate(%): 27

Background and Purpose of the study

In regional small and medium cities where population declines, Downtown Living Project is promoted. But that specific effect is not clear. Also, in Hokkaido, development of public housing to downtown is promoted. This is called "Deae-ra Project" 1.

In this paper, it is a purpose to clarify effects and challenges of Downtown Living Project by assessments of public housing project in Hokkaido. By doing this, I suggest the programs of Downtown Living Project on public housing development toward compact cities.

Research Methods

First, I understand the policy of public housing development in Hokkaido from literature1-*, and select target case. Second, I understand project contents from literature and hearing to stakeholders, and derivate evaluation items. Third, I evaluate project by questionnaire survey 2 3 4 for resident occupant and surrounding residents, and clarify effects and challenges. Finally, I suggest the programs of Downtown Living Project on public housing development toward compact cities.

Case Selection and Evaluation Items

From the policy of public housing development in Hokkaido, I select "Deae-ru Saiwai estates in Kushiro","Deae- -ru Hok-kouchuo estates in Fukagawa"(fig. 1). From project contents, I derivate "Promotion Downtown Living", ''Transfer Aggregation", "Child Rearing Support" and "Tsunami Evacuation Measures " as evaluation items according to policy(table 1).

Figure 1. 3 project case outline

Table 1. Evaluation content by each evaluation item

Effects and Challenges of Project (fig. 2)

4-1. Effects and Challenges of Downtown Living on resident occupant

4-1-1. Effects and Challenges of Promotion Downtown Living on resident occupant Effects; In all case, resident occupant are pleased surrounding environment [Kusiro: 65 %, Muroran: 96 %, Fukagawa: 96 %] and convenience [Kusiro: 61 %, Mu- roran: 89 %, Fukagawa: 83 %](fig. 2-1). In particular, they are pleased location of parenting and educational facilities [Kusiro: 96 %, Muroran: 85 %, Fukagawa: 100 %] and state of improvement of public transportation [Kusiro: 96 %, Muroran: 73 %, Fukagawa: 80 %] and security [Kusiro: 60 %, Muroran: 96 %, Fukagawa: 87 %] and number of regional events (fig. 2-3).

Challenges; In Kushiro compared to Muroran and Fukagawa, surrounding environment and convenience is low rating. In particular, location of shopping facilities [43 %] and vibrancy of the city [22 %] and location of cultural and exerci se facilities [43 %] are low rating. So, in the area around the estate, degradation in living functions occur in Kushiro (fig. 2-2).

4-1-2. Effects and Challenges of Transfer Aggregation on resident occupant Effects; In Muroran, residential household are pleased surrounding environment [91 %] (fig.2-4). In particular, Improvement of living environment such as elevator maintenance [81 %], cleanliness [91 %] and improvement of heat insulation performance [67 %] and convenience of surrounding environment is a factor (fig.2-5). Also, by group transfer, the community before the change of living is sustained [79 %]. This creates a sense of security after live change [90 %] (fig.2-6, 7).

4-1-3. Effects and Challenges of Child Rearing Support on resident occupant Challenges; In Muroran and Fukagawa, resident occupant don't use parenting support activities (fig. 2-9).

4-1-4. Effects and Challenges of Tsunami Evacuation Measures on resident occupant Effects; In Kushiro, as estate is designated as a tsunami evacuation facility [70 %], the sense of security to the tsunami improves [70 %] (fig. 2-12, 13).

Challenges; resident occupant feel uneasy about evacuating the surrounding residents in the estate [52 %] in the event of disaster (fig. 2-14).

4-2. Effects and Challenges for surrounding residents through public housing development

4-2-1. Effects and Challenges of Child Rearing Support on surrounding residents Effects; In Muroran and Fukagawa, User is pleased with the activity [Muro- ran:100 %, Fikagawa:100 %] (fig. 2-8). In particular, on the facility side, they are pleased with cleanliness [Muroran:71 %, Fukagawa:71 %] and ease of accessing [Muro- ran:67 %] (fig.2-10). Also, on the administrative side, they are pleased with the provision of play [Muroran: 75 %] and the number of toys [Fukagawa: 65 %] (fig.2-10). In addition, by participating in activities, it is effective to increase interaction among children [Muroran: 83 %, Fukagawa: 88 %] and secure a playground outside the [Muroran: 79 %, Fukagawa: 91 %] and a winter playground [Muroran: 67 %, Fukagawa: 67 %] (Fig.2-11).

4- 2-2. Effects and Challenges of Tsunami Evacuation Measures on surrounding residents Effects; In Kushiro, the neighborhood of the estate [59 %], which is a tsunami evacuation facility, improves the sense of security for the tsunami[81 %] (fig-2-17,18).

Challenges; In Kushiro, the low level of awareness about the scale and performance of specific facilities and the fact that the estate is not familiar lead to anxiety when evacuating. In particular, surrounding residents think that evacuation places will be full during disasters [59 %] (fig.2-19). Also, there are few people who choose "Deae- ru Saiwai" as evacuation destination [22 %] (fig.2-16).

Figure 2. Questionnaire result for each evaluation item

The Programs of Downtown Living Project on Public Housing Development (Table 2)

5- 1. Development of public housing to downtown

To improve the living environment of residents, development public housing in a downtown. In this case, considering the decline of the living function in the city, site selection is carried out based on the surrounding facilities location. For stock consolidation, in order to improve the living environment of rebuilt households, aged apartment complex in the suburbs will consider relocation to a highly convenient downtown.

5-2. Compounding of public facility functions

Upon development in downtown, to improve the living environment of the residents around the housing complex, combine public facility functions such as child rearing support and tsunami evacuation. This will contribute to improving the living environment in the downtown.

5-3. Management of public facility functions

In order to enhance the effect of the combined public facilities function, it is necessary to deal with the operation. Specifically, in child rearing support, from the planning stage, in collaboration with the management entity, the management system is examined in order to start the operation early. Also, in order to respond to the needs for residents' activities, promote the initiative led by residents. In the tsunami evacuation measures, in order to alleviate anxiety, we notify the safety and certainty of the facility toward evacuation. Also, in order to utilize the space, evacuation space is set as a meeting place and we consider to use in normal times. At this time, we do activities including especially the surrounding areas. As a result, the surrounding residents get used to the facility and relieve anxiety during evacuation.

Table 2. Effects / Challenges and Programs for each evaluation item

References

1. (H24) Hokkaido residence life basic plan, (H25) Town management improvement plan, (H17) Hokkaido child rearing support housing development promotion policy

2. (H25) Kushiro City "Kushiro City Town Housing Area Community Liaison Conference Report", (H24) Kushiro City "Basic concept of compact town planning", (H25) Hokuriku Research Institute

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