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Vladimir State University Vladimir, Russia

Cathedrals of Kostroma

Blagov N.A.

Соборы города Костромы

Holy Trinity Ipatiev Monastery

According to legend, the founder of the Ipatiev Monastery was Tatar Murza (noble) Chet pervonachalnik kind Godunov. In 1330 on the way to Moscow - to enter into the service of the Prince of Moscow Ivan Kalita - Chet stopped at the place where the river flows into the Volga Kostroma; here in a night vision appeared to him the Most Holy Mother of God with the apostle and martyr Philip Ipatov, Bishop of Gangra. After that Chet was baptized with the name of Zacharias, and founded on the site of the vision monastic abode in the name of the Holy Martyr Hypatia. monastery architecture church protection

Modern scholars believe that the Ipatiev monastery was founded earlier - in the middle or the end of the XIII century - Novgorod, especially revered Holy Martyr Hypatia (as patron posadniks Veliky Novgorod) and Philip the Apostle; it is known that it was used in ancient times Novgorod Kostroma River to exit the Volga. However, the participation of Zechariah, in the fate of Chet Ipatiev monastery is certain: it is confirmed by the attention that has provided this kind of monastery Godunov.

The first church of the monastery was the wooden church of the Holy Trinity; no later than 1558 there was erected a stone Trinity Cathedral with a chapel in the name of St. Philip and the Holy Martyr Hypatia. Around 1564 it completed the construction of the second stone church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary. The Ipatiev monastery were buried many members of the family Godunov, patronized the monastery. From the middle of the XVI century on their funds here has an extensive stone construction; surrounded by walls and towers, Ipatiev monastery turned into a veritable fortress. In 1609 the monastery for several months sheltering military troops False Dmitry II («Tushino thief"), broken militia northern cities.

March 14, 1613 in the Ipatiev Monastery happened event significant for the whole of Russian history here - to dwell in the abode Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov and his mother nun Martha - embassy arrived Zemsky Sobor that elected young Michael on the throne. Together with the ambassadors of the monastery and the procession came from Kostroma with the miraculous icon of Our Lady of the Theodore. Before the face of the shrine of Kostroma Michael Theodorovich took conciliar election; Kostroma has since received its name of "the cradle of the Romanovs" and Theodore image of the Queen of Heaven became the family shrine of Russian tsars. To commemorate this special celebration of the Church established the Theodore Icon perpetrated 14/27 March.

In 1642-1645 years by order of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich to the west side of the monastery was attached to the walls of the rectangle so-called "new town" with three towers. In 1649, Trinity

Cathedral of the monastery was destroyed by the explosion of gunpowder stored in its basement.

New Trinity Cathedral was built in 1652, and in the last quarter of the XVII century from the southwest to it built a chapel in the name of St. Michael Malein - patron saint of Tsar Mikhail. The cathedral was painted by painters under the direction of Kostroma Gury Nikitin and Sila

Savin. Under its vaults remained Locally-Tikhvin miraculous icon of the Mother of God Hypation - probably brought to the monastery Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich in 1619 during his visit to Kostroma. To the XVIII century in the library of the monastery contains a unique record, later called Hypatian - one of the oldest lists of "Tale of Bygone Years".

From 1744, when the diocese was founded Kostroma, Ipatievsky monastery in Kostroma became the residence of bishops, and his Trinity Cathedral - cathedral church. In 1764, there was completed the construction of the new Cathedral of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, in 1768 in the basement of the Trinity Cathedral was constructed the church of St. Lazarus of the Four. In 1747-1754 years in Kostroma Ipatiev monastery housed a seminary.

After visiting the monastery Ipatiev in 1834 by Emperor Nicholas I began a new era of the history of the monastery. In 1835, the monastery received the status of a first-class cathedral monastery (the episcopal chair was moved to the Cathedral of the Assumption of Kostroma). It began an extensive reconstruction of buildings of the monastery to return to it, according to the king's orders, "ancient species"; supervisor was the architect KA Tone (the creator of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Moscow). The bishop's body had been arranged with the Holy

Gate gate of the temple of the Holy Martyrs Chrysanthos and Daria; actually re-erected Nativity Cathedral; rebuilt the monastery enclosure, including the cellarer, where, according to legend, lived in 1613 the future king Michael Theodorovich (now the building is called the "house of

Romanov boyars", in the years 1913-1918 it housed the Diocesan Museum - drevnehranilische).

In 1919, Ipatiev monastery suffered the closure of its inhabitants were expelled from the monastery walls (although the service in the monastery cathedral, the parish received the status lasted until 1922). Nativity Cathedral, in 1927, turned into an anti-religious museum, in the thirties of the twentieth century, was completely destroyed. In 1958 the former monastery became the historical and architectural museum-reserve.

February 18, 1992 Holy Trinity Ipatiev Monastery was revived by the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church. In May 1993, signed an agreement on joint use of the monastery ensemble of Kostroma diocese and the open-air museum, in 1994 there appeared the first monks.

However, the process of restoring historical justice demanded many years of effort: only in December 2004, the entire ensemble Ipatiev Monastery was transferred to the diocese of Kostroma.

At the moment in the monastery are Holy Trinity Cathedral, Lazarev temple (in the basement of the cathedral) and the Church of the Holy Martyrs Chrysanthos and Daria. It opens and receives many visitors Church Historical and Archaeological Museum, the successor of the former diocesan drevnehranilischa.

Holy Protection AVRAAMIEVO-Gorodetsky Monastery

The founder of the monastery Reverend Abraham, according to legend, was born in Rostov Veliky, and began his selfless work in the Ascension Monastery of the Caves in Nizhny Novgorod, moved then to the monastery of St. Sergius of Radonezh - where he "abbot All Russia" tonsured him a monk, and after a few years blessed in the procession into the wilderness for a solitary life. In 1350 the Reverend settled on the shores of Lake Galich, where he performed his miraculous appearance of the Mother of God "Tenderness". Based on the site where the monastery, called the New Zaozerskii Reverend then retired to the desert riverbank Whigs, then another up the river, and finally - on the shores of Lake Chukhloma.

Each seat of St. Abraham, hiding from human glory, was marked by the creation of the monastic cloister

(Great Desert provisions Belt of the Holy Virgin, the Upper Desert Cathedral of Our Lady on the River

Vigo); the last of the four monasteries founded by ascetic in the Kostroma region became the Holy Virgin Monastery "in the Gorodets" - fort, abandoned Finno-Ugric tribes in the XIII century and is located on the shore of Lake Chukhloma opposite the town Chukhloma.

During the life of the Rev. Abraham Gorodetsky number of monks of the monastery reached a hundred people. Its founder, who quit to the Lord on the feast day of St. Elijah the Prophet in 1375, was buried in the monastery at the altar of wooden Protection Church.

The first stone church of the monastery dedicated to the Holy Virgin, started to build in 1608, but the Time of Troubles and its aftermath led to the fact that the work was delayed for a long time: only in 1631 the construction of the temple in Elias chapel is under wraps relics of Reverend Abraham, finished . In the late forties the XVII century the monastery was built Holy Gates with Gate Church of St. Nicholas, in the second half of the XVII century - a two-story Cathedral of the Nativity of Christ (exploded in the second half of the XIX century). In the years 1764-1768 the monastery was surrounded by a stone wall with four towers.

During the reform of the monastery in 1764 Avraamievo-Gorodetsky monastery - the only one of the four, based on the Reverend Kostroma land - has not undergone any treatment, and closing the parish. In the years 1857-1867 on the site of Elias chapel Pokrovsky temple was erected majestic cathedral in honor of the Mother of God "Tenderness"; in the first half of the seventies of the XIX century the monastery was decorated five-tiered bell tower. On the shore of the lake, "Undermountain" where the monk labored over his own dug the well was a small wooden chapel; each year on the feast day of St. Abraham here from the monastery religious procession. It should be noted that according to an ancient tradition, the memory of the Monk in the monastery observed not to celebrate the holy prophet Elijah, and on the eve of July 19 in the old style - because of the coincidence of the day with a feast repose ascetic monastic holiday.

In 1919 Avraamievo-Gorodetsky monastery was abolished, but its last abbot Archimandrite Serapion (Mikhailov, 1875-1942), and the brothers failed to register as a parish community. Worship at the monastery lasted until December 1928, when the church finally closed and the monks were expelled from the monastery. On its territory since the mid-twenties housed a children's home from 1935 until the end of the fifties - machine-tractor station. Until 1975, the body was placed privately in high school, then transferred to a new building in the village Nozhkin.

In March 1991, the Kostroma Region Executive Committee approved the decision to transfer the executive committee Chuhlomskogo Kostroma diocese entire ensemble of monastic buildings. Holy Virgin Avraamievo-Gorodetsky monastery was revived by the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox

Church March 25, 1991. Already in 1992, it was restored Nikolsky temple gate, in 1993 - well cleared Reverend Abraham; July 31, 1993 in the Monastery of the Dormition church city Chukhloma suffered stored there since 1928 ancient burial shroud with cancers of the holy relics of the ascetic Gorodetsky. August 1st, 1994, the first Divine Liturgy in the Cathedral of the Icon of the Mother of God "Tenderness".

The monastery brotherhood act in the name of Reverend Abraham Gorodetsky, an orphanage for orphan boys, Holy Virgin Paraskevi-Pyatnickoe sisterhood.

Church of the Resurrection in the Grove

One of the great temples of Kostroma, consisting traditionally of two adjacent churches - Resurrection in the Grove of cold and warm Signs (George), the surrounding fence with the Holy gates and gatehouse. It is located between the streets of Lower Debra, talus and museum lane and takes up most of the quarter. Its main structure is the Church of the Resurrection, which, together with the Holy Gate (combined with) belongs to the best works of Russian religious architecture of the mid XVII century. and it is particularly bright and picturesque architectural forms. To the south of it is ruinirovannaya Church Signs (George), one of the most characteristic temples Kostroma school architecture of the late XVII century. Heavily remodeled in the era of classicism. On three sides of the streets and alleys of the complex is fenced, on the west side of which is located between the temple lodge. In 1628 here, at the foot of a small mountain, stood two wooden parish church - the Resurrection and hip Kletskaya Cosmas and Damian with a refectory. In 1645-1651 gg. instead of the first one was built at the expense of the trade visitor

K.G.Isakova stone church and parishioners Sunday Trehsvyatitelsky side chapel, which was consecrated in the year before the main temple, in 1650 at the end of the XVII century. Built next to a second stone church with a bell tower George. In 1740-ies. Church of the Resurrection window rastesany, gallery openings laid, covering pozakomarnoe replaced hipped and west porch connected by a covered walkway to the holy gates. Then built chapel of Cosmas and Damian Church of St. George at the fence and complex. In 1799-1802 gg. strongly rebuilt Church of St. George, the newly consecrated as the

Znamenskoye: it was built on a large quadrangle with eight with shaped dome and cupola, all the facades got a new furniture in the classical style, and built a new high four-tiered bell tower, which has become a vertical dominant of the whole complex. In 1859, re-built the altar of the temple. In 1871-1872 gg. to the southeastern corner of the Church of the Resurrection was attached to the sacristy apse; in the 1888-1889 biennium. again partially rebuilt Znamensky temple and built a lodge next. In 1911-1912. partially restored by architect D.V.Mileevym Church of the Resurrection.

It founded the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church July 16th, 1993 at the Cathedral of the Resurrection in the Lower Debra in Kostroma.

Resurrection Cathedral with the chapels of the Three Hierarchs and St. Catherine, built in 1645 care of merchant Kirill Isakov and painted in 1652, Kostroma team of painters under the direction of Basil Zapokrovskogo and Gury Nikitin, is one of the most beautiful churches in Kostroma. According to legend, the funds for its construction were prepared in an unusual way. Kirill Isakov, who was a member of the Moscow Lounge hundreds, led trade skins and paints bought in England, which were delivered by sea in barrels. In one of these barrels, arrived at the merchant, instead of paint turned gold. Isakov wanted to return it to the British, but those ordered to use gold for any good cause; Then Merchant donated the funds for the construction of the stone church in Kostroma, in their homeland.

Znamensky temple, standing south of the Cathedral of the Resurrection, was built shortly thereafter and was used as a "warm" (winter) church. Originally this church was called St. George, but after the adjustment in the years 1799-1802 was consecrated in honor of the Blessed Virgin "The Omen"; he had a chapel in the name of the holy martyrs Cosmas and Damian, and of Blessed Procopius of Ustyug.

In the early thirties of the twentieth century, and the Sign of the Resurrection churches were closed. Resurrection Church in 1946 returned to believers, and the Sign has been severely destroyed: its tiered bell tower destroyed to the ground, in the church building located boiler room. In 1964-1991, the Resurrection Church is the Cathedral of Kostroma diocese, there remained a wonder-working icon of Our Lady of St. Theodore; Since 1991, he again became a parish church, but kept the cathedral status.

Some of the nuns entered the monastery Znamenskaia nuns and novices, serving Resurrection Cathedral and the residence manager Kostroma diocese. To accommodate the sisters were transferred to the city administration building of the former kindergarten on the street talus. Since 1997, the monastery operates a medical center in the name of the Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna, which includes in its membership dental and vision offices, department for inpatient treatment. At the monastery there is a small hospice.

In 2001, work began on the restoration of the temple of the Sign; its bell tower, completely recreated the means of benefactors, it was consecrated September 26, 2001. The consecration of the temple Znamensky made August 8, 2009, Archbishop Alexander of Kostroma and Galich.

Paisievo-Galich convents

Monastery on Mount Krasnitse near Galich appeared in the second half of the XIV century and originally was called Nikolsky. Its founder was John Galich boyar barn to create a small ktitorskih abode in the territory of their ancestral lands. One day, on the feast of the Assumption, when John Ovin visited the monastery, where he met two wonderful young men - angels - that gave him an icon of the Mother of God. This image of the Queen of Heaven later became famous for miracles, and received naming

Ovinovskogo. In memory of the miraculous event John Ovin erected in the monastery church of the Assumption of Our Lady, and she became known as the abode of the Assumption. The traditional date of the phenomenon Ovinovskoy icon considered in 1425, but modern researchers believe that it could have happened in the past - in 1383.

Of particular prominence to the monastery have brought many years of work here Strive to St Paisius Galich. Information about the origin and life of the saint before he came to Galich (about 1385) have not kept even the ancient lists of the life of St.. Entered the monastery, then he became a devotee of his abbot, and then was elevated to archimandrite. In 1460, having survived the era of bloody strife and Galich princes of Moscow, St Paisius reposed in the Lord, and was buried in the church of the Assumption monastery. By the end of the XV century monastery where the monk had worked, it became known as the Assumption Paisievo.

In the forties the XVII century the monastery began in Paisievo stone construction. In the years 16421646 on the site of the wooden church of the Assumption was elevated to a "cold" (old) Cathedral of the Assumption, a few years later - "warm" (winter) Trinity Church. Until now, it is not the fate of the miraculous icon Ovinovskoy. Historians believe that the image, a phenomenon John barn was lost in the Time of Troubles, or in the fires of the XVII century, and return it in the first third of the XVIII century was written by a new icon, set in the iconostasis of the Assumption Cathedral - under the arches which rested and the holy relics of St Paisius.

In 1919, the monastery has undergone Pais closing, although his temples before the start of the thirties of the twentieth century continued to act as a parish. Then, in the Assumption Cathedral placed hatchery, and Holy Trinity Church - wood depot. In the last decades of the twentieth century the monastery churches were abandoned, gradually turning into ruins.

February 26, 1994, the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church Holy Assumption Monastery Paisievo-Galich was reborn as a female monastery. In 1995, archaeological excavations carried out in the territory of the monastery with the blessing of Archbishop Alexander of Kostroma and Galich, gave a surprising result. In the study at rest under wraps and not subjected to in the twentieth century the opening of the holy relics of St Paisius was discovered that they are preserved not in the body and not in the form of bone remains, and as a mark on the ground - with the clear outlines of the eye sockets, high, wrinkled forehead, small nose, bushy beard forked rod and Archimandrite (skeletal remains absent, except for a small fragment of the left forearm). As stated in the report of the archaeological expedition, "natural scientific explanation for the origin of the print is almost impossible to find an element of a miracle is beyond doubt."

In June 1997, in the revival of the monastery of the Assumption Cathedral Paisievo held after decades of service. In 2004 Vvedensky from the city's cathedral Galic was transferred to the monastery honored with a list of miracle-working icon of Virgin Mary Ovinovskoy now dwells in the Dormition Cathedral of the monastery.

Bogoyavlensko-Anastasiin Convent

Bogoyavlensky (1863 - Bogoyavlensko-Anastasiin female) monastery was founded in the twenties of the XV century on what was then the outskirts of Kostroma Kostroma Reverend Nikita, disciple and cousin of St. Sergius of Radonezh. The exact date of the death of Reverend Nikita unknown (presumably - the middle of the XV century); he was buried in a wooden Church of the Epiphany he created the monastery.

In the years 1559-1565, with the blessing of St. Macarius, Metropolitan of Moscow, in a monastery built stone Cathedral of the Epiphany. December 30, 1608 troops False Dmitry II («Tushino thief"), headed by Alexander Lisowski, the capture of Kostroma, burst into Epiphany Monastery, whose brother of the king refused to change SHUISKI oath; invaders subjected the monastery looted, and its inhabitants put to death. The names of the thirteen venerable Epiphany Monastery, killed by the invaders, now revered in the face of locally venerated saints of the Kostroma diocese. In the fall of 1619, making a pilgrimage to thank Makarievo-Unzhensky monastery, the Epiphany monastery was visited by Tsar Mikhail Feodorovich and his mother nun Martha.

XVII century was the time for the Epiphany Monastery vast stone building: here were raised John the

Theologian and Trehsvyatitelsky (later Candlemas) churches, St. Nicholas chapel to the Epiphany

Cathedral, bell tower with a temple in the name of St. Sergius of Radonezh, office buildings. In the years 1642-1648 around the monastery built a stone wall with six towers; He directed the work of the monastery abbot Gherasim (manager abode in 1644-1672 years), experienced and highly educated pastor. In the years 1667-1672 Artel Kostroma painters painted Epiphany Cathedral "writing wall"; Around the same time the writing is on the wall of the south-western corner of the monastery Tower of the Smolensk Icon of the Mother of God, the frescoes - later famous for miracles.

Since the beginning of the XVIII century - the era of Peter's reforms - Epiphany Monastery gradually began to decline. The number of inhabitants decreased, new construction has virtually stopped; only in 1752-1760 years in the monastery was erected one-domed St. Nicholas ("Saltykovskaya") church with a chapel in the name of Archangel Michael, built over the burial place of Major General MP Saltykov care of his widow EM Saltykova.

12 on me in 1779 in Kostroma there was a devastating fire, incinerating most of the city and the reason a lot of damage Epiphany Monastery. But the Smolensk Icon-fresco on the south-west tower of the monastery fence miraculously preserved intact in the fire; from the time it began the history of reverence, as one of the Kostroma shrines.

In the years 1814-1847 in the walls of the Epiphany monastery housed the Kostroma seminary, the rector of which is the abbot of the monastery. In the years 1821-1824 the monastery and seminary directed Reverend Archimandrite Macarius (Capercaillie), then famous for missionary work in the Altai. His works southwestern tower with a miraculous icon-fresco was rebuilt into a church dedicated to the Smolensk icon of the Virgin.

6 September 1847 another fire drew Epiphany Monastery in ruins. At the end of 1847 it was closed, and its monks - translated Bogoroditsk Igrickii men monastery near Kostroma. Only in November 1863 decision of the Epiphany Monastery of the Holy Synod was reborn as a female, combined with Kostroma

Anastasiin Holy Cross convent, and received naming Bogoyavlensko-Anastasiin. The first abbess Bogoyavlensko-Anastasiin became abbot of the monastery Maria (Davydova, 1822-1889), who had previously headed Anastasiin Holy Cross Monastery.

Under the leadership of Abbess Mary ancient monastery and restored blagoukrashalas. By the Epiphany Cathedral it was attached spacious building "new cathedral" of red brick; majestic cathedral church, where the Cathedral of the XVI century was assigned the role of the altar, became known as

Bogoyavlensko-Anastasiin - in honor of the Epiphany and in the name of Martyr Anastasia Rimlyanyni, patroness Anastasiin monastery. In 1867 in the crypt of the cathedral it was a small temple dedicated to St. Sergius of Radonezh and the Holy Great Martyr Nikita (patron saint of the founder of the monastery of the Epiphany). In the sixties and the eighties of the XIX century buildings of the monastery have been completely restored or rebuilt. By the beginning of the twentieth century-Anastasiin Bogoyavlensky female monastery church became the center of social service: it operated a school for girls from poor families, courses Red Cross nurses and Russia's first monastic hospital for the rural population.

In 1918 the monastery was closed by the godless power, but Bogoyavlensko-Anastasiin cathedral became a parish church and worked until 1924. In the years 1918-1922 served as a deacon martyr here Vasily Razumov, later - the priest, who was shot September 21, 1937. Since 1925, the building housed the cathedral closed provincial archival bureau, then became Regional archive. In the twenties and thirties were almost completely destroyed the monastery walls and towers, demolished St. Nicholas Church. Huge damage to the cathedral caused the fire in the provincial archive August 16, 1982.

Bogoyavlensko-Anastasiin nunnery was resurrected, the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church July 20, 1990. In March 1991, here in the Holy Dormition monastery in Estonia Pьhtitsa here came the first nuns headed by a nun Innocent (Travin), built then to the rank of abbess. August 17, 1991 consecration of the restored Bogoyavlensko-Anastasiin cathedral became cathedral church of the diocese of Kostroma, and the next day under the arches of the cathedral was officially transferred to the main shrine Kostroma lands - Theodore miraculous icon of the Virgin. In 1991 he began service in Smolensk church resumed in 2006, the temple was rebuilt in the basement of the Cathedral (consecrated in the name of St. Sergius and St. Nikita Kostroma). In December 2003, in the Cathedral were laid relics of the Monk Timon, Nadeevskogo Elder, a local saint Kostroma diocese, spiritual friend and disciple of St. Seraphim of Sarov.

At present, the territory Bogoyavlensko-Anastasiin convent located Kostroma diocesan administration and Kostroma Theological Seminary. When the monastery hospice act in the name of St Mary Magdalene, and orphanage for orphan girls in the name of St. John of Kronstadt.

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