Application of nanostructured tannin to livestock

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Применение наноструктурированного танина для животноводства

M.M. Naumov, А.А. Krolevets, N.N. Shvetsov

Аннотация

Размеры нанокапсул танина зависят от природы оболочки. Наименьшее среднее значение (40,6-48 нм) имеет наночастица в гуаровой камеди, а наибольшее (191 нм) в оболочке, состоящей из альгината натрия. При этом 10 и 50 процентов наночастиц в гуаровой камеди имеют значение 25 нм., при всех соотношениях. В то же время, исходя из коэффициента полидисперсности, все изученные нанокапсулы в гуаровой камеди имеют идеальную сферическую форму (0-1,05), а в альгинате натрия - имеют эллипсоидную форму (1,58). В результате проведенной работы были впервые изучены свойства наноструктурированного танина и показано, что данный препарат по своим характеристикам (размеры наночастиц и биологическим свойствам) вполне может быть перспективным для использования в качестве лечебно-профилактического ветеринарного средства.

Ключевые слова: танин, нанокапсулы, самосборка, самоорганизация, фрактальные композиции, муль- типараметрический анализатор наночастиц, коэффициент полидисперсности.

Abstract

APPLICATION OF NANOSTRUCTURED TANNIN TO LIVESTOCK

The size of tannin nanocapsules depends on the nature of the shell. The lowest average value (40.648 nm) has a nanoparticle in guar gum, and the highest (191 nm) in a shell consisting of sodium alginate. At the same time, 10 and 50 percent of nanoparticles in guar gum have a value of 25 nm., for all ratios. At the same time, based on the polydispersity coefficient, all the studied nanocapsules in guar gum have an ideal spherical shape (0-1,05), and in sodium alginate they have an ellipsoid shape (1.58). As a result of this work, the properties of nanostructured tannin were studied for the first time and it was shown that this drug can be quite promising for use as a therapeutic and preventive veterinary agent in terms of its characteristics (nanoparticle size and biological properties).

Keywords: tannin, nanocapsules, self-assembly, self-organization, fractal compositions, multiparametric analyzer of nanoparticles, polydispersity index.

Introduction

Tannins, or tanning substances, are water-soluble polyphenols (complex natural organic compounds) found in many plant foods. They have antimicrobial and binding qualities, prevent and treat diarrhea [6-10].

Due to numerous useful properties tannins are widely used in veterinary and humanitarian medical practice. In particular, their capabilities, resembling the action of antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and hemostatic agents, did not remain without the attention of doctors. It is also used to remove toxins and heavy metal salts, or as an astringent for stomach disorders. Tannins are effective in the treatment of inflammations (especially in the oral cavity) and skin diseases (caused by bacteria, inflammation and infections), are used to relieve intoxication (caused by heavy metals).

The astringent effect of tannin is associated with its capacity to cause protein deposition to form dense albuminates, which, when applied to the mucous membranes or on the wound surface, cause partial coagulation of mucus proteins or wound exudate and produce film that protects the sensitive nerve endings of the underlying tissues from irritation. At the same time it leads to local vasoconstriction, restriction of secretion, and compaction of cell membranes and finally to the inflammatory response reduction.

In the stomach tannin combines with protein substances and enters the intestine in small amounts, so it manifests itself only in the initial part of the small intestine within 3-24 hours.

Tannin accompanied by alkaloids and heavy metals forms insoluble compounds, and with some alkaloid salts (morphine, cocaine, atropine, nicotine, physostigmine) forms unstable compounds, that should be removed from the stomach.

Tannins are known for antioxidant activity, and according to some research, can improve the antioxidant status of animals [1,2,3,4,5,8].

Previously, we [6,7,8] showcased that nanostructured biocidal drugs, anthelmintics and tannin can be used for the treatment of animals.

The aim of this work was to better understand the properties of nanostructured tannin properties in different shells.

Materials and methods

The study of nanocapsules' self-organization was carried out as follows. Nanostructured tannin powder was dissolved in water. A drop of the solution was put on a glass slide and evaporated. The dried surface was examined by a microscope «Micromed 3» var. 3-20. The microphotography with self-organization obtained on the same device is presented in Figure 1.

a b c

Fig. 1 - Microscope image from a of self-organization of nanostructured tannin, magnification 400: a) In sodium alginate, kernel ratio 13, concentration 0.125%; b) In gum, the kernel ratio is 1:3 and the concentration is 0.125%; c) in guar gum, core ratio:shell 1:2, concentration 0.125%.

Nanostructured tannin measurements were taken by a Nanosight LM10 multiparameter nanoparticle analyzer manufactured by Nanosight Ltd (Great Britain) in the HS-BF configuration (high- sensitive Andor Luca video camera, a 405 nm semiconductor laser with a power of 45 MW). The device is based on the Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) method described in ASTM E2834.

The optimal dilution was 1: 100. The device parameters were selected for the measurement: Camera Level=16, Detection Threshold=10 (multi), Min Track Length: Auto, Min Expected Size: Auto. Duration of a single measure is 215s, using a syringe pump (Fig. 2-3). nanocapsule guar gum tannin

Results and discussion

As presented in Figure 1, the formation of nanocapsules occurs spontaneously due to non-covalent interactions, characterized by self-assembly. The presented structures are ordered, so they are self-organized.

Since fractal compositions are found in an aqueous solution of nanocapsules at a sufficiently low concentration, they have self-organization in common. Nano-capsules are formed spontaneously through non-covalent interactions and characterized by self-assembly.

Figure 1 presents self-similar objects, invariant to local dilatations, i.e. fractals. Fractals are known to be natural filling of sets between Euclidean objects with integer dimensions. The presence of a fractal indicates the possibility of obtaining another polymer with almost unchanged macromolecule composition. This «new polymer» will have unique molecular characteristics and different su- pra-segmental structure.

Fractal composition also indicates the process of self-assembly as well as formation of nanocapsules. The fractal structure is formed by an endless repetition (iteration) of an initial shape on an ever-decreasing (or increasing) scale by a certain algorithm, i.e. in accordance with a certain mathematical procedure.

This simple feedback process produces surprisingly diverse morphogenesis, often similar to the creation of natural forms.

Thus, fractals have self-similarity in common, or scale invariance, i.e. uniform within a wide range of scales. At the same time, the ideas of scaling, in other words, scale invariance in polymer physics, as well as percolation phenomena, were developed by P. De Gennes.

The dimensions of the nanostructured tannin are shown in Figure 2.

Fig. 2 - Particle size distribution in a sample of tannin nanocapsules in guar gum (core ratio:shell 1:1)

Fig. 3 - Particle size distribution in a sample of tannin nanocapsules in guar gum (core ratio:shell 1:1)

Fig. 4 - Particle size distribution in a sample of tannin nanocapsules in guar gum (core ratio:shell 1:1)

Fig. 5 - Particle size distribution in a sample of tannin nanocapsules in sodium alginate (core ratio:shell 1:1)

Table 1 - Statistical characteristics of distributions

Table 2 - Statistical characteristics of distributions

Table 3 - Statistical characteristics of distributions

Table 4 - Statistical characteristics of distributions

As the Tables 1-4 show, the size of the tannin nanocapsules depends on the nature of the shell. The smallest average value (40.6-48 nm) has a nanoparticle in guar gum, and the largest (191 nm) in a shell containing sodium alginate. At the same time, 10 and 50 percent of the nanoparticles in guar gum have a value of 25 nm., at all ratios. At the same time, based on the polydispersity index, all the studied nanocapsules in guar gum have an ideal spherical shape (0-1.05), and in sodium alginate they have an ellipsoid shape (1.58).

Conclusion

This research has resulted in the unique investigation of properties of nanostruc- tured tannin and it was shown that this drug by its characteristics (the size of nanoparticles and biological properties) is quite promising for use as a therapeutic and preventive veterinary agent.

Библиография

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