Formation of land plots for forest plants

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Formation of land plots for forest plants

Обґрунтовано особливості формування земельних ділянок лісогосподарського призначення для лісового розсадника та процедуру відведення земельних ділянок для лісогосподарських підприємств. Доведено необхідність розширення площ лісових розсадників та доцільність формування земель-них ділянок для лісогосподарських потреб. Дослідження проведено на прикладі Боярської лісової дослідної станції (державного підприємства, яке займається відтворенням, охороною, захистом лісу, переробкою деревини і має освітянські функції).

Ключові слова: земельні ділянки лісогосподарського призначення, лісовий розсадник, форму-вання, відведення земельної ділянки, екологія лісу.

Human society has put the natural envi-ronment in its service and uses its riches with increasing intensity. Particularly intensely peo-ple use the forest -- an important part of the surrounding world. Problems and peculiarities of forming land plots for forest management needs, preservation, reproduction and rational use of forest resources on the basis of non-exhaust fo-rest management becomes especially relevant in the context of adaptation of the regional forestry to market relations. [4, p. 85] There is a need to create a fundamentally new organizational and economic mechanism that would help improve forest management, logging, deep processing of wood and non-timber resources, increase the area of nurseries, use of recreational and other useful functions of the forest. The problem of increasing the efficiency of forestry functioning in the region in the face of fierce competition, the reform of property relations, uncertainty in the national forestry policy plays an important role in modern scientific research.

Forest arrays may have boundaries, estab-lished depending on their purpose, proximity to transport routes, points of export and consump-tion; may be public and private property; can be represented by areas of economic and intact forest, forest plantations, nurseries, forest parks, forest bands, etc., their area can reach thousands of hectares [1, p. 2]. Forests are forests that are permanently used by enterprises, institutions and organizations of more than fifty ministries and departments, one of the main tasks of which is the conservation, reproduction and rational use of land and forest resources. The area of the lands of the forest fund of Ukraine reaches 108 thousands of square kilometers, forest vegetation is covered by 96 thousands of square kilometers, that is, the forestland of our country is 15,9% and far from optimal [2, p. 1]. Moreover, it is uneven, in some regions it does not reach the level where the most positive impact on climate, soils, wa-ter resources, erosion processes, and the receipt of sufficient quantities of wood and non-wood products is ensured. According to the area of forests per capita, Ukraine occupies one of the last places in Europe. Due to the excessive and unsuccessful anthropogenic interference in the past and now there are dryings, fires, massive deforestation, so our forests, according to their purpose and location, should continue to have a limited operational value, aimed primarily at the fulfillment of environmental functions.

The enterprises of the State Committee of Forestry of Ukraine have over 1400 permanent and temporary nurseries with a total area of about 6.5 thousand hectares. According to the reported data, the area of seed farms is 1365 hec-tares, school departments -- 675, plantations -- 7 44, and closed land -- 11 hectares. In nurseries, more than 440 million pieces of seedlings and 15 million pieces of seedlings are grown annually [2, p. 3]. The use of nursery products is gaining increasing demand, in particular, for the renewal of forest areas and recreational areas, planting of human settlements, industrial and other ob-jects [4, p. 87]. Further increase of production of garden material, improvement of its quality, expansion of range assortment and increase of the efficiency of forest seedling requires com-prehensive consideration of modern volumes of forest-cultivated and forest-melioration works, features of economy of industry and national economy, wider application of fertilizers and chemical agents for controlling weeds, pathogens and pests. natural environment forest

Issues of formation of land plots for fores-try, efficiency of its functioning, estimation, in-tegrated use and restoration of forest resources are at the center of scientific research of many domestic and foreign scientists. Considerable attention was paid to these issues: M. Boyko, S. Gensiruk, A. Goychuk, M. Danylyuk, D. Dob- riak, M. Dolyshny, A. Zlatnik, A. Karpuk, V. Ku- cheruk, A. Martyn, O. Melnyk, V. Miklovoda, V. Nepivoda, V. Nikolaichuk, V. Pila, M. Pityu- lich, M. Ruschak, Yu. Tunitsa, O. Furdichko, T. Shkirya, I. Yukhnovsky, V. Yarema, etc.

The analysis of scientific works showed that the necessary measures were taken to eliminate obvious gaps in the theory and practice of land management of forest and recreational territo-ries, in particular, regarding the use of special plant species in greening the urbanized environ-ment of large cities, which would contribute to solving the problem of lack of space for landsca-ping. However, it is possible to further develop, refine and deepen theoretical, methodological and practical grounds for substantiating measures for land management of forest and recreational territories. Of particular importance are the is-sues of designing, planning, removing, forming land plots for nurseries, organizing and provi-ding material and technical support for works of growing seedlings in forest nurseries, the solution of which at the appropriate professional level is impossible without deep special theoretical knowledge and certain practical skills.

The purpose of the study is to substantiate the features of the formation of land plots for forestry, in particular, to create nurseries on the territory of the Boyar Forest Research Station.

The choice of research methods was car-ried out on the basis of a comprehensive general theoretical understanding of objective economic processes of formation and development of fo-restry land use. The following methods were used for solving the tasks: monographic (in the development of literary sources on the formation of land plots for forest management, in particu-lar, the establishment of spawning hedges and decorative rocks, analysis of the current state of the land of the Boyar Forest Research Station, legislative and regulatory documents on forestry land use etc., analysis and synthesis (with the conditional distribution of forest management measures on constituent elements), the method of concretization (in the study of pitfalls (for analyzing the social and economic preconditions for the development of forestry land use and landscaping of settlements and industrial sites), economic (the definition of relative and average values), induction and deduction (in the analysis of factors affecting the value lands, forest ef-ficiency of their use); grouping (in the analysis of statistical data on the quantity and quality of land plots for forest management), etc.

The choice of research methods was car-ried out on the basis of a comprehensive general theoretical understanding of objective economic processes of formation and development of fo-restry land use. The following methods were used for solving the tasks: monographic (in the development of literary sources on the formation of land plots for forest management, in particu-lar, the establishment of spawning hedges and decorative rocks, analysis of the current state of the land of the Boyar Forest Research Station, legislative and regulatory documents on forestry land use, etc.; analysis and synthesis (with the conditional distribution of forest management measures on constituent elements), method of concretization (in the study of the needs of are-as for nurseries), historical (in the analysis of social and economic preconditions for the de-velopment of forestry land use and landscaping of settlements and industrial sites), economic (the definition of relative and average values), induction and deduction (in the analysis of fac-tors affecting the value of land, forest efficiency their use); grouping (in the analysis of statistical information on the quantity and quality of land plots for forest management), etc.

The Boyar Forest Research Station is a modern integrated state enterprise, which, along with educational functions, successfully com-bines a complex of works on the reproduction, protection and protection of wood with wood processing.

The forest massifs of the Boyar Forest Re-search Station are located in the central part of the Kiev region on the territory of four ad-ministrative districts: Kyiv-Svyatoshinsky (6703), Vasylkivsky (9846), Makariv (1064) and Goloseevsky district of Kyiv (299 hectares) [3, p. 2]. Forest arrays of the plant with an area of 17,94 thousand hectares are classified as par-ticularly valuable plantations and are part of the green zone of Kyiv, and 790 hectares of high- yield forest are reserved for state reserves. Fo-rests in the area of Boyar Forest Research Sta-tion -- 25,5%.

It is proved that the current state of the forests of the region, as in Ukraine as a whole, as a result of a number of changes in regulatory regulation and economic activity in the forestry sector, can not be characterized positively in recent years, therefore, it is necessary to work in the direction of timber harvesting and sale, as well as creation nurseries, in order to improve the economic situation of the Kiev region and increase the economic component of the inves-tigated forestry.

In accordance with the provisions of Article 50 of the Law of Ukraine «On Land Management», the land allocation plan is compulsory, in particu-lar, in the case of the formation of new land plots (privatization or lease of land) [5, p. 2].

According to Articles 26, 27 of the Law of Ukraine «On Land Management», it was deter-mined that the authorities of land management documentation may be state authorities, local governments, landowners and land users. Land- use documentation customers have the right to determine the terms of execution of works, the procedure for reviewing land use documenta-tion, as well as to determine, in agreement with the developer of documentation, the cost of land management works and the procedure for their payment.

The current state of the land use of the in-vestigated object, in particular, the territory of the Boyar Forest Research Station, is estimated: the forest massif of the plant with an area of 17,94 thousand hectares is classified as particu-larly valuable for planting and is included in the green zone of Kyiv, and 790 hectares of high- yield forest are reserved for state reserves [3, p. 1]. Forests in the area of activity of the Boyar Forest Research Station are constantly increasing due to the allocation of land for forestry needs of land with unproductive, degraded soils from agricultural lands, in particular, it is planned to allocate land plots with a total area of 51,8 hec-tares for nurseries, in particular: on the territory of Makariv district -- 35,2 hectares, Kiev Svyato- shinsky -- 16,6 hectares. It is proposed to plant seedlings in this area by planting and planting of woody forests (spruce and pine, oak chestnuts) and shrubs (common lichen, elder black, row- anberry, hawthorn, horseradish), growing them for 1-5 years, rational use forest resources with increasing productivity of forests, improvement of qualitative composition of forest plantations and soils. The bookkeeping of seedlings is carried out by the state enterprise Boyarsky forest re-search station of the Kyiv Regional Department of Forestry and Hunting Economy at the expense of financing from the state budget.

It is also proposed to carry out a series of measures to preserve and enhance the protec-tive, sanitary and hygienic and other natural properties of forests. The main direction in forest protection activities against diseases and pests is the use in forestry practice of environmentally safe measures to control pests and diseases of the forest. As for the greening of the city, it is a complex work that covers planning, standardi-zation, designing, construction, maintenance of green building objects, development of a seedling economy, the placement of small architectural forms, improvement of road coverings, training of specialists, specialists in higher and secondary qualifications, organization of scientific- research works on greening, studying and disseminating advanced domestic and foreign experience [4, p. 85].

It is proved that the main economically important commodity of forestry is wood. During 2017, the volume of sales went up twice as much as last year, therefore, it is proposed to work as much as possible on the harvesting and sale of timber and the establishment of forest and decorative crop rotational nurseries in order to increase the productivity and financial position of the forestry sector.

It was established that in 2017 the revenues from sales of forestry products and services of the Boyar Forest Research Station amounted to UAH 35.2 million, which is almost 2 times more than in 2016. Received about 5,0 million UAH. Profit, in particular, for the sale of nurse-ry products -- UAH 1.7 million (mainly these were Christmas trees and ornamental trees and bushes), most of which were used to renew the basic means of production.

It is substantiated that forestry has the opportunity to provide the following services: forestry services (taxing, estimation of industrial use of forests, planting of seedlings, afforesta-tion and reforestation, etc.); protection of forest from fires; the fight against pests and diseases of the forest; logging services; sale of nursery pro-ducts; hunting services; counseling and training on forestry issues.

The procedure of formation of land plots for forestry needs, in particular, nurseries on the territory of Boyar Forest Research Station, is substantiated:

- A request is made for granting a per-mit for the development of a land management project regarding the assignment of a land plot for forestry use of land of state or communal property to an appropriate executive body or local government, indicating the approximate size of the land plot and its intended purpose. The request is accompanied by graphic materials with the desired location and the size of the land plot, written consent of the land user, certified by a notary (in case of seizure of land);

- The relevant executive body or local self-government body, within the limits of their au-thority, within a one-month period considers the application and gives permission to develop a land management project concerning the land plot allocation or provides a motivated refusal to provide it;

- On the basis of the permission to draft a project, submit an application and enter into an agreement with a land management organization that has a corresponding license;

- The land management project is submit-ted for approval by the State Service of Ukrain for Geodesy, Certography and Cadastre in the Kyiv region, the Kyiv region and the Kyiv Fores-try Administration.

- The land management project regarding the allocation of land for forestry and related services in a permanent use is subject to manda-tory state examination.

- The developed and approved project of land management in accordance with the proce-dure established by the legislation, together with the positive conclusion of the state land survey examination, is submitted for approval to the Kyiv Regional State Administration.

REFERENCES

1. The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (2003), The Law of Ukraine «About land management», available at: http:// zakon5.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/3528-15 (Accessed 22 May 2003).

2. Land Code of Ukraine (2001), available at: http: //zakon5.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2768- 14 (Accessed 25 October 2001).

3. Kustovska O.V. (2016) Otsinka kontseptsiyi komp- leksnoho ozelenennya mist [Estimation of the concept of integrated landscaping of ur-ban settlements]. Zbalansovane pryrodokory- stuvannya,3, pp. 64-70.

4. Kustovska O.V. (2016). Rekreatsiyno-turys- tychne pryrodokorystuvannya u m. Kyevi [Recreational and tourist nature use in Kiev]. Formuvannya rynkovykh vidnosyn v Ukrayini, 7-8, pp. 143-148.

5. Martyn A.G., Kustovska O.V. (2015). Upravlin- nya zemlyamy terytorialnykh hromad [Land Management of Territorial Communities]. Kiev, 392 p.

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