Transformation problems of political parties in Uzbekistan

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Transformation problems of political parties in Uzbekistan

Masharipov Ikramjon Batirovich

Candidate of Political Science

Tashkent Financial Institute (Uzbekistan)

Abstract

political party civil society

The article analyzes the issues of the development of political parties as a unique and compatible institution of civil society in the period when Uzbekistan gained independence as a sovereign state (1991-2019). The article also described some of the views expressed in the solution of these problems, highlighted the fact that over the next two years, the atmosphere of openness in the era of civil unity has been shaped in Uzbekistan.

Key words: transformation, civil society, political parties, society, social groups, political interests, political ideology, primary organization of the party

Although political parties operating in Uzbekistan during the period of independence (1991-2019) were experiencing more than a quarter of a century, they did not rise to a real civil society institution. It is noteworthy that the current state of political parties in the post-Soviet era is slower than during the transition from the old system to a democratic society.

While political parties have been living in our country for 20-25 years, they have not been able to reach the level of political institutions at the level of democratic standards and values. The nature of the party is that it is always the key to survival (psychological power from the electorate, the primary party organizations and their members) to ensure that they are able to survive by taking energy from the behavior of the active community. If this power is weak, the political party cannot perform its functions at all and cannot rise above the quality of the party's appearance.

The real situation of the party system in the country and the political parties operating there was explained in detail in the speech of President Sh.M. Mirziyoyev at the video conference with the representatives of the Oliy Majlis, political parties and the Ecological Movement of Uzbekistan. The following views of the president clearly point to the current state of political parties: "Today's time requires radical change of the way the political parties work, and their systematic approach to communication with the population and the electorate. Now, political parties must "awakening". They should put aside the ups and downs, with the concrete work, to win the trust of our people and voters. Speech by Shavkat Mirziyoyev at the video-conference with representatives of the Oliy Majlis, political parties and the Ecological Movement of Uzbekistan. 12.07.2017 y .//. "

If we pay attention to world experience, political parties have originally emerged as the interests and needs of social groups. The parties emerged as the constituent of forces that sought to satisfy the political interests of these social strata and groups. Therefore, political parties in developed countries have always been formed as a result of some social groups, ideological movements or prominent, courageous and popular leaders' initiatives.

When a person seeks to create opportunities for the expression and satisfaction of his political interests, he is motivated to become a member of a political party and he decides to take part in the activities of a party that is closely connected with his own mind and the social group to which he belongs. Also, being a member of the party allows the human being to become involved in political socialization, power or control of these bodies. Nobody is a member of a political party that is unable to provide such political resources to human beings.

One of the important requirements is a high level of administrative capacity of party leaders as a motive for joining a political party. Leadership at all levels of the party - the primary party organization, district, city, regional and central authorities - determines the quality and degree of party membership. If the leader of the party is a person who is profoundly aware of the laws of change and development in the society and the state of the society, and if the speech is appealing to the people, the democratic values are well-grounded in the world, the party is growing rapidly, members will be more emotionally attached to the party.

Problems that may arise in the transition period - unemployment, the practical support of the social layers of the population in need of social protection, and the protection of human rights have not been ignored by the parties. Lower and supreme governing bodies of the parties did not fill up with free-thinking, initiative, talented staff. The party management has started to carry out public administration and economic management. Heads of central and local councils have become the basis of their coordinating work on the principle of monopoly. The bureaucratic form of government was dominated by all levels of party organizations. The parties, which have the institute of the institution, have lost their ties with society.

The political parties have left their efforts to address urgent issues, such as the transition to the transition period - unorganized youth, the involvement of young people in international migration, and engaging young people in socio-political processes. It is common practice for public officials to see their work in this area. Due to the fact that the governing bodies of the parties have no modern knowledge and are not updated by intellectual potential, they have begun to lose their ability to participate in the country's sociopolitical and economic reforms.

Due to the loss of political parties, the party factions in the lower house of the parliament and party groups in local representative bodies were unable to exercise their rights and freedoms. It is well-known that in the mahallas, the Women's Committee of Uzbekistan, the Nuroniy elderly organization, the Republican Federation of Trade Unions and other nongovernmental organizations are functioning. However, political parties did not create their own support centers in all mahallas. But, the electoral districts are composed of mahallas. In the party's governing bodies, a vast bureaucracy has flourished as a result of ignoring the foreign experience of the party activities and the transfer of such experiments. As a result, all the parties became “overwhelming”.

Political ideology, as subjects of politics, serves to focus on institutional relationships between people, to clarify, as well as to defend or deny the political existence in specific socio-historical conditions.

From this point of view, politics are the confrontation of ideological systems, ideologicalpolitical trends and directions. However, it is difficult to grasp the essence of this idea, because the principle of "politics - the art of using this opportunity" Kirgizboyev M. Politology. T New Generation, 2013 P. 62-63. is still in the present. On the one hand, this "art" creates certain limits for the policy making, and on the other hand, the ideology determines the boundaries of a particular area of activity of a particular political party or government. This will help make the political programs worse.

Political ideologies contribute to the formation of political systems and to represent the unity of different social groups. For example, liberalism is the ideology of the middle class, conservatism, aristocrats who own the land, and socialism as the working class. At the same time, the ideology of liberal democracy is a linkless link between many western societies.

So if the political party is represented as any social organization, it will accept the ideology of that layer as its ideology. Because the social layer forms its own political party to express its political interests and will as a result naturally the ideology of the social layer becomes simultaneously the party's ideology.

The political system of Uzbekistan consists of five political parties: the People's Democratic Party of Uzbekistan (1991), the Democratic Party of Uzbekistan "Milliy Tiklanish (National revival)" (1995), the Social-Democratic Party of Uzbekistan "Adolat" (Justice) (1995), the Liberal Democratic Party of Uzbekistan (2003)), The Ecological Party of Uzbekistan (January 8, 2019). All political parties in the country also have their own political ideology. But neither the party member nor the party organizer deeply understands their deep meaning. It is difficult to understand that both the Social-Democratic and the People's Democratic Party "Adolat" are the so-called "Social-Democracy" political ideology. Why then is the People's Democratic Party called "people's democracy", not "social-democratic"? What is the difference of the concept of "demo" with the "People (Xalq)"? (the word "demos" is Greek and the word "xalq" for the Uzbek language).

In the North American and European politics, the number of party members has been analyzed, not by the population, but by the number of voters. If there were more than 21 million voters in Uzbekistan, according to statistics provided by political parties, about 1 million 150 thousand official party members are members. So, about 5.5 percent of citizens (who have the right to vote) belong to one or another party Central Election Commission of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Political parties // http: //elections.uz/uzb/events/political_parties / v_germanii _polezno_znat/; Политические партии и избирательный процесс.. This is, of course, a very significant indicator. But it does mean that the party members are not yet formally affiliated with the party or the lack of primary party organizations, and the fact that only a few have official character - this is a "significant figure".

Moreover, it is important for parties to be involved in political processes not to have more members, but to what extent their memberships are active. For example, when one of Germany's average electoral districts analyzed, only 480 of 3200 party members were active, with 384 party functionaries and 96 primary organizations active. In summarizing these figures, almost 30 percent of the party members were identified as active parties. However, such sociological researches are rarely carried out in parties.

If members of the political parties functioning in the country have only formal (de-yure) character, the number of members of the political party artificially exceeds the statistics, then parties can not perform their functional responsibilities, can not be seen as an institution.

References

1. Kirgizboyev M.Politology. T.: New Generation, 2013.-P. 62-63.

2. Central Election Commission of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Political parties // http: //elections.uz/uzb/events/political_parties/.

3. Speech by Shavkat Mirziyoyev at the videoconference with representatives of the Oliy Majlis, political parties and the Ecological Movement of Uzbekistan. 12.07.2017y.//http://www.pmss-service.uz/en/lists/view/781.https://progresspolicy.ru/politicheskiepartii-i-izbiratelnyj-protsess-v-sovremennoj-germaniisotsiokulturnye-aspekty/.

4. Central Election Commission of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Political parties // http: //elections.uz/uzb/events/political_parties / v_germanii _polezno_znat/.

5. Политические партии и избирательный процесс в современной Германии: социокультурные аспекты.16.03.2019.// https://progresspolicy.ru/politicheskie-partii-i-izbiratelnyjprotsess-v-sovremennoj-germanii-sotsiokultur-nye-aspekty/.

6. Выборы в Германии. Полезно знать..// https://kiev.sq.com.ua/rus/news/novosti/25.09.2017/vybory_.

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