Діяльність інформаційних агентств світу в умовах формування глобального комунікаційного простору

В частности, было доказано, что агентства Reuters (Великобритания), Associated Press (США) и Agence France-Presse (Франция) остаются наиболее влиятельными информационными агентствами мира, которые на протяжении 90-х годов не только укрепили свои позиции на информационных рынках мира, но и отметились окончательным отделением и технологическим отрывом от остальных информационных агентств мира.

Ключевые слова: информационные агентства, мировое коммуникационное пространство, международные информационные потоки, глобализация, новые информационные технологии, средства массовой коммуникации.

Panteleymonov O.E. World News Agencies and Formation of Global Communications Space. - Manuscript.

Dissertation for scientific degree of the candidate of political science within specialty 23.00.03 - Political Culture and Ideology. - Institute of International Relations with Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University. - Kyiv, 2002.

Dissertation made sophisticated inquiry into current functioning of world's largest news agencies and elucidated fundamental changes in their activity, which were traced over the past 5-10 years. Taking into account the complexity of such investigation, accomplished analysis has been divided into several lines of inquiry including: a) analysis of historical prerequisites that influenced current transformation of agencies' activity, and analysis of organizational changes in global system of news agencies, b) analysis of economic indicators that characterize everyday activity of world's largest news agencies, c) analysis of negative and positive features stipulated by the form of agencies' ownership, d) influence of new information technologies on evolution of world news agencies, e) analysis of changes caused by agencies' activity on global financial markets and global market for television news.

In particular, the dissertation unambiguously demonstrated that such news agencies as Reuters (Great Britain), Associated Press (USA) and Agence France-Presse (France) remain world's largest news agencies while the 1990s featured their final alienation and technological separation from the less powerful entities operating on global news market. Besides, the dissertation proved that in the recent years world news agencies shifted to the new model of news dissemination notable for such features as lowered dependence on state financing, introduction of up-to-date information services, more active utilization of Internet in the sphere of news gathering and news distribution, grown number of used languages, integration of text, video, voice and reference services into combined information packages, refusal to accomplish scrupulous editing and correction of news gathered by agencies' own journalists and information sources, further perfection of their relations with national and regional mass media and news agencies.

Along with this, effective utilization of new information technologies indisputably contributed to successful diversification of news agencies' activity and encouraged them to go beyond the traditional news market. In this connection, world news agencies should be treated as quite sophisticated newcomers to such remunerative markets as global financial market, global market for television news and information markets embracing national segments of Internet. Along with this, such processes coincided with gradual curtailment of revenues obtained from traditional gathering and dissemination of international news, which seems to be the most exciting change in agencies' activity over the past 10-15 years.

As regards global financial market, world news agencies primarily deal with operational data on routine activity of world's largest stock exchanges, conduct analytical inquiries into activity of world's largest corporations, consult smaller companies that commence their work in this sphere, and accomplish securities rating. Such activity fundamentally differs from traditional work of world news agencies on global market for international news. On financial markets, news agencies are far from producing their own information, and simply coordinate the flow of market news and accomplish general control over technical maintenance and allocation of their video terminals and computers. As compared to the market for international news, world news agencies have to withstand much tougher competition while their main rivals include such well-known entities as Bloomberg, McGraw-Hill, Bridge Information (Telerate), CDA/Weisenberger, Dow Jones, and Hoover's.

Besides, the dissertation gave proper heed to the following tendency: in addition to gathering of international news and work on financial markets, world news agencies recently intruded into aboriginal realm of TV channels and started to disseminate television news and audio-visual information. Currently, such entities as Reuters Television and Associated Press Television News boast to be the largest television news agencies worldwide. What is more, even despite such powerful media conglomerates as Microsoft, General Electric, Disney, AOL - Time Warner and separate TV channels (CNN International and BBC), positions of world news agencies on this market are notable for their firmness and impregnability.

Obtained results should be used to form new information policy of Ukraine, overcome the weakness of Ukraine's national information space and surmount numerous threats in this sphere including slow integration of domestic information infrastructure into global communication processes, negative influence of Ukraine's distorted image on its international and domestic policy, etc.

Key words: information agencies, global communications space, international information flows, globalization, new information technologies, mass media.

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