Semantic structures of the American blog discourse

Analysis of the distinctive features of American blog discourse from the perspective of semantic communicative functional approach. Analysis of the design of the most popular American blogs. Linguistic performance when authors construct blog discourse.

Рубрика Иностранные языки и языкознание
Вид статья
Язык английский
Дата добавления 28.09.2022
Размер файла 45,6 K

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2) If the contents of discourse or its part is organized with the help of description of the place of phenomena (processes, facts) in space, the semantic relations between corresponding propositions are called spatial order relations. For sports blogs it is vitally important where the action takes place. As a result, the author uses spatial pattern of organization. First of all, we need to know where the sportsperson is from, here the Netherlands-based Hassan, Sifan Hassan of the Netherland, Hassan, who moved to the Netherlands after leaving Ethiopia. Then the author states where the action takes place: Monaco, in Doha (at the world championships) (Huffpost 17/12/2019).

3) Propositions can be connected in discourse by the reference to the notion of time. Such class of semantic relations is called chronological order. The author tells the story in a blog devoted to technology in a chronological order using time expressions, such as late afternoon on May 12, 2017, hours earlier, hours after the disruption began, hours after it began on May 12, by 6:30 p.m., by 7 a.m., in August 2017. The author also uses references to earlier events: since the likes of Blaster and Mydoom in the early 2000s (TechCrunch 08/07/2019).

Another example of temporal semantic relations comes from the political article: The state was taking a big step to keep its elections from being hacked in 2020. Last April, its top election official told countries they had to update their system.... That's significant because Windows 7 reached its “end of life” on Jan. 14, meaning Microsoft stops providing technical support and producing “patches” to fix software vulnerabilities, which hackers can exploit. In a statement to the AP, Microsoft said Friday it would offer continued Windows 7 security updates for a fee through 2023.... (Huffpost 14/07/2019).

4) Different groups of implication/causality relations include relations of the types `cause-effect' or `means-result'. In the article of the subgenre of technology the author first describes the situation: Huawei was placed on the Commerce Department's Entity List, the Chinese telecom equipment and smartphone giant will be able to do business with American suppliers again - but only if they get a license from the U.S. government. After this the author describes the consequences: the promise created confusion about how it would be carried out, Huawei...is a major bargaining chip in the ongoing trade war between the U.S. and China. The author also states the consequences of the opposite action, such as being blacklisted. Such consequences are the following: The blacklist has had a major impact on Huawei, with important suppliers like Qualcomm, Intel and Google severing ties, blacklist would cost the company about $30 billion in revenue, U.S. companies have lost an important customer (TechCrunch 10/07/2019).

Let us consider another example of implicative relations of the type `problem-solution'. In the political article `After The Essex Lorry Deaths, What Will It Take To Realise Harder Borders Cause These Tragedies?' the author poses the problem of migrant smuggling or human trafficking at the beginning of the blog and suggests some possible solutions in the rest of the blog (Huffpost 16/10/2019).

The relations of (7) equivalence are based on the preservation of information in the next proposition compared to the previous proposition. Equivalent relations can be extensional, intensional, and extensio-intensional. Extensional equivalence takes place in the case of substitution with the help of pronouns or substitutional words (such as one or do) of a part or the whole previous proposition in the next proposition. Intensional equivalence includes the cases of variation of the predicate of propositional unit in the next proposition. The same idea or event, important from the author's point of view, can be mentioned several times in the text using different lexical resources, for example: plunged; slumped; slowdown; dropped (Business Insider 03/07/2019). Extensio-intensional equivalence presupposes the use of discourse markers of the type `I mean', `that is', `in other words', `in a sense' and other expressions.

The semantic relationship of equivalence can also be illustrated in the following example. In the socio-cultural article `Who Are We Kidding, Racism Is An Open Secret At Universities' the author repeats the main language elements: racial harassment is “a common occurrence” for students across the UK; Students and staff of British universities were both found to have been subject to racist name-calling, insults, “jokes ”, and even physical attacks.; being targets of racial abuse; Racism is something of an open secret in university life.; black women are perceived in modern day society - angry, hypersexual, loud; in the face of overt and covert racism; Racist material and displays were found to be a regular part ofpromoting students society events.; Many students have experienced casual racism not only from their peers, but from academic staff.; people in a position of authority are complicit in and perpetuate racism (Huffpost, 23/10/2019).

The relations of (8) identity prosupose a) repetition of all the language elements of the previous proposition in the next proposition; b) omission of some language elements of the previous proposition in the next proposition; c) addition of some language elements in the next proposition; d) both addition and omission of some language of the previous proposition in the next proposition. This type of interpropositional relations is not characteristic of the discourse analyzed in this study.

Conclusions

The results of the analysis of American blog discourse show that distinctive differences in subgenres lead writers to employ different rhetorical choices. Interpropositional structure of those subgenres really differs as to the proportion of this or that type of semantic relations between propositions, which are predominantly non-equivalent. Our calculations show that the most prominent type of interpropositional relations in blogs dedicated to politics is chronological order (32 %) and spatial order relations (28 %). They are followed in number by the relations of implication (2 %). Business blogs are remarkable by the active use of interpropositional relations of implication (39 %), `part-whole'/'whole-part' relations (28 %), and macro-semantic relations of equivalence (21 %). The macro-semantic structure of socio-cultural blogs is predominantly developed with the help of the interpropositional relations of equivalence (31 %), comparison (16 %), contrast (14 %), chronological and spatial order relations (11 %). The interpropositional relations of chronological order and spatial order are usually closely connected with each other especially in socio-cultural blogs. For the genre of technology the authors tend to use chronological order relations (47 %), relations of implication (18 %), and spatial order relations (15 %). Sports blogs abound in spatial order relations (32 %). Chronological order relations (29 %) and relations of contrast (16 %) are also numerous. The new data on correlation of different types of semantic relations between propositions provide a significant insight into semantic structure of discourse of blogs in our case American ones.

References

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