The book is on the table. Книга на столе.

The books are on the table. Книги на столе.

2. Если предложение имеет два подлежащих, соединенных союзом and, то сказуемое ставится во множественном числе:

The telegram and the letter Телеграмма и письмо на столе. are on the table.

3. Если после оборота there is (are) стоят два и более подлежащих, то сказуемое обычно согласуется с первым из них:

There is a lamp, an inkpot На столе имеется лампа, чернильница и and some pencils on the table, несколько карандашей.

4. Если подлежащее выражено местоимением all в значении все, то глагол ставится в единственном числе:

All is clear. Все ясно.

Когда местоимение all употребляется в значении все, глагол ставится во множественном числе:

All were of the same opinion. Все были одного мнения.

Question (вопрос)

Is there, are there, was there, were there, will there be

There's a train at 10.30

There are 24 hours in a day.

There was a good film on TV yesterday.

There were 250 rooms.

There will be a lot of people at the party.

Обратите внимание на местоимения some и any в разных значениях:

1. Is there any wine in the bottle?

There's some rice in the jar. There's some milk in the bottle. There's some sugar in the jar. There's some oil the bottle. There's some water in the jug. There's some wine in the bottle.

There are some apples on the table. There are some eggs on the table. There are some oranges on the table. There are some bananas on the table. There are some lemons on the table. There are some onions on the table.

Exercise

There isn't any butter. There isn't any cheese. There isn't any beer. There aren't any tomatoes. There aren't any mushrooms. There aren't any eggs. The fridge is empty!

Is there any cheese in the fridge? - Yes, there is. is there any butter in the fridge? - No, there isn't. Are there any eggs in the fridge? - Yes, there are. Are there any tomatoes in the fridge? - No, there aren't.

A: There's some butter in the freezer.

B: How much is there?

A: There's a lot ([lot] - много).

Speech etiquette Address. Обращение.

' Sir! - Гражданин, господин, сэр. При обращении к мужчине, старшему по

возрасту, званию, должности. Но, как правило, женщины эту форму

обращения не употребляют.

Madam - является подчеркнуто уважительной формой обращения к женщине старшего возраста, высокого служебного или социального положения.

Miss - возможная форма обращения к девушке, молодой женщине. Со словом Miss обращаются покупатели к продавщицам, посетители кафе и ресторанов к официанткам.

* Friend! - Друг! - Фамильярная форма обращения.

* Обращение к родственникам:

Grandmother, grandma! - Бабушка! Grandfather, grandpa! - Дедушка! -

* Обращения пожилых людей к незнакомым молодым людям (просторечные, ласковые): Dear! Miss! -Дочка!;

Son! Sonny! Boy! - Сынок!

* К преподавателям/учителям в школах Британии обращаются:

Mr ( +фамилия или Sir} - к мужчине.

Miss (+ девичья фамилия, даже если она замужем) - к женщине.

Miss - традиция, сохранившаяся с времен королевы Виктории, когда работать в школе разрешалось только незамужним женщинам.

В США форма обращения к учителю та же, а к учительнице - в зависимости от семейного положения:

Mrs + фамилия по мужу. / Miss + фамилия.

В британских университетах: Professor + фамилия или просто Professor применяется в качестве обращения к тем, кто имеет соответствующее ученое звание, заведует кафедрой или возглавляет направление в науке. К остальным же преподавателям студенты обращаются:

Mr + фамилия, Miss + фамилия, или по его/ ее желанию по имени: John,

Margaret.

В США Professor может служить обращением к преподавателю любого

ранга в университете, колледже и т. д.

* Слово colleague достаточно редко употребляется в качестве обращения, чаще в разговоре при ссылке на чье-либо мнение, точку зрения.

* Обращение к аудитории:

Friends! -Друзья!

Ladies and gentlemen! - Коллеги! (Леди и джентльмены); Дамы и господа!

* Обращение к знакомому:

Маргарита Margaret

Эдуард Edward

Елизавета, Лиза, Лизочка и др. Elizabeth: Lisa, Elsie, Libby, Beth, Bet, Betty, Bess etc.

3. Articles (Артикли)

Is it a man? ( Any man)

Is it the man with a moustache. ( A particular man)

В английском языке имеется два артикля: a, the.

Неопределенный артикль a имеет два варианта :

a - перед словами, начинающимися с согласной: a boy, a pen

an - перед словами, начинающимися с гласной (a/ e / i / o / u): an apple, an economist

Неопределенный артикль a/an не употребляется с сущуствительными во множественном числе, а также с неисчисляемыми существительными (milk, oil, music, money).

Употребляя существительное с неопределенным артиклем a/an, мыназываем предмет (вещь, живое существо) и представляем его как один из класса ему подобных.

This is a lamp.

Have you got a sister or a brother?

Определенный артикль the употребляется как с исчисляемыми существительными в единственном и множественном числе, так и с несичисляемыми существительными.

Существительные с определенным артиклем the обозначают конкретный предмет (предметы) т.е. данный предмет, вещество, явление рассматриваются как уже известные и говорящему, и слушающему.

Open the door , please.

Usually we do not say the + names of places:

France is a very large country.

But we say the + republic / states / kingdom:

The United States of America

Usually we do not say the + names of streets, squares etc..:

Kevin lives in Coronation Street.

We do not say the + name of place + airport / station / university / castle :

Munich Airport

Paddington Station

But we usually say the + names of hotels / restaurants / pubs / cinemas / theatres / museums:

The Hilton Hotel

The national Theatre

The Tate Gallery

We say the + names of oceans / seas / rivers / canals:

the Atlantic Ocean

The Nile

We say the + names with ... of ...:

the Republic of Ireland

the Tower of London

the north / south / east / west / middle of

I've been to the north of Italy but not to the south.

We say the + plural names of countries / islands / mountains:

the Netherlands

the Canary Islands

Упражнения на повторение:

1. Вставьте a/an или the.

1 I wrote to her but ..the.. letter never arrived.

2 Britain is ..an... island.

3 What is ........ name of this village?

4 Jane is ........ very nice person. You must meet her.

5 Montreal is ........ large city in Canada.

6 What is ........ largest city in Canada?

7 'What time is it?' 1 don't know. I haven't got ........ watch.'

8 When I went to Rome, I stayed with ........ Italian friend of mine.

9 You look very tired. You need ........ holiday.

10 Don't sit on ........ floor. It's very dirty.

11 'Let's go to ........ restaurant this evening.'

'That's ........ good idea. Which restaurant shall we go to?'

12 Can you turn on ........ radio, please? I want to listen to some music.

13 Tom is in ........ bathroom. He's having ........ bath.

14 This is a nice room, but I don't like ........ colour of........ carpet.

15 We live in ........ old house near ........ station. It's two miles from ........ centre.

Это географические вопросы. Выберите ответ из рамки. В некоторых случаях необходимо использовать 'The'.

Alps Amazon Atlantic Bahamas Cairo Kenya Red Sea Asia Andes Pacific Malta Rhine Switzerland Tokyo United States

1 ..Cairois the capital of Egypt.

2 ...The Atlantic is between Africa and America.

3 is a country in the middle of Europe.

4 is a river in South America.

5 is the largest continent in the world.

6 is the largest ocean.

7 is a river in Europe.

8 is between Canada and Mexico.

9 is in East Africa.

10 are mountains in South America.

11 is the capital of Japan.

12 is an island in the Mediterranean.

13 are mountains in central Europe.

14 is between Saudi Arabia and Africa.

15 are a group of islands near Florida.

3. Переведите на русский язык:

Come and look at this picture.

This isn't a very good party.

These grapes are not very sweet.

This is my friend Paula.

(on the phone) This is Ann.

What is that on the wall?

He is ill. That's why he's away.

Stop that noise!

Thanks - that was a great dinner.

(on the phone) Who is that?

Do you remember those people we met in Scotland?

4. Поставьте предложения во множественное число:

This is a king. That is an egg.

This is a boy. That is a window.

This is a shilling. That is a prince.

This is a cup. That is a waiter.

This is a flower. That is a star.

This is a man. That is a n eye.

This is a train. That is a child.

This is an aeroplane. That is a picture.

5.Вставьте “this”, ”that”, ”these”, “those”.

Why are you living .... country?

Get me ... box from the table.

What was .... noise?

Come ... way, please.

Who are .... people over there?

Who said ...?

Isn't .... girl nice?

I can't write with ... pens.

How could she marry ... idiot!

6. Переведите на русский язык:

There are no grapes in the market.

There will be rain tonight.

There is snow on the mountains.

There are two men at the door.

Once upon a time there were three pigs.

There are many cars in the street.

Вставьте соответствующую форму `there is' (`there isn't)

.... no water on the moon.

.... no TVs in the 15th century.

Once upon a time .... a beautiful princess.

Tomorrow ..... snow.

.... some soup, if you are hungry.

.... any potatoes?

.... an accident/ can I phone?

I am afraid ... time to see Grandmother.

.... many tigers in the jungle.

Вставьте “ there is” или “it is”:

... . a cat in your bedroom.

..... not easy to understand him.

..... cold tonight.

..... ice on the roads.

..... nice to see you.

..... somebody on the phone for you.

.... a problem with TV.

.... too late to go out.

.... a funny film on the video.

What's that noise? - ... the wind.

Пословицы:

Было бы желание, а путь найдется.- Where there is a will, there is a way.

Нет дыма без огня. - There is no smoke without a fire.

Нет смысла плакать над разлитым молоком (Слезами горю не поможешь) - There is no use crying over spilt milk.

4. Present Simple Tense (Настоящее неопределенное время)

We use the present simple tense for things we do regularly, always, sometimes, every day, etc. ( выражает факты, универсальные факты, регулярно повторяющиеся действия, последовательность событий).

Positive (положительная форма)

I live in London.

We live in London.

You live in London.

They live in London.

He lives in London.

She Lives in London.

It lives in London too.

The question, short answer and negative are made with the present tense of the verbs `do', “does” (вопрос, краткий ответ и отрицательное предложение образуются с помощью вспомогательного глагола “do”, “does”).

Negative (отрицательная форма)

I do not live in Moscow.

We do not live in Moscow.

You do not live in Moscow.

They do not live in Moscow.

He does not live in Moscow.

She does not live in Moscow

It does not live in Moscow

Question (вопрос)

Where do I live?

Where do you live?

Where do we live?

Where do they live?

Where does he live? Where does she live? Where does it live?

Yes/No questions (вопрос с предположительным ответом “Yes” или “No”.

Do I live in Paris? Do we live in Paris? Do they live in Paris? Do you live in Paris?

Does he live in Paris? Does she live in Paris? Does it live in Paris?

Ansswers (Краткие ответы).

Yes, I do. No, I don't.

Yes, he does. No, he doesn't.

Question words (вопросительные слова).

How do you travel to work? (как, каким образом)

How long does the journey take? ( как долго, сколько времени,)

How many people travel by bus? ( сколько)

How often does Joy see Janet? ( как часто)

What time do you have lunch? ( когда, во сколько)

When does Joy arrive? ( когда)

Разделительные вопросы:

Не is a businessman, isn't he? They are businessmen, aren't they?

You speak English, don't you? He speaks English, doesn't he? They spoke about it, didn't they?

I have done this work, haven't I? He'll do this work, won't he? He can do this work, can't he? He is going to do it, isn't he?

He isn't a businessman, is he?

They aren't businessmen, are

they?

You don't speak English, do you?

He doesn't speak English, does he?

They didn't speak about it, did

they?

I haven't done this work, have I?

He won't do this work, will he?

He cannot do this work, can he?

He isn't going to do it, is he?

IMPERATIVES (Повелительное наклонение)

Утвердительная форма Отрицательная форма

Speak English, please. Don't speak English please.

Look in the mirror before you drive off.

Have some more tea.

Please do not lean out of the window.

Try again.

Cheer up.

Don't worry.

Don't sign the document.

Do be quiet!

Don't be silly!

Let's have a drink.

Let's meet at 10.30.

5. Modal verbs

CAN, MAY, MUST

Модальные глаголы отличаются от обычных глаголов тем, что

1) после них употребляется инфинитив без частицы “to”:

I can do it myself.

2) они сами образуют вопросительную и отрицательную формы:

Can you do it yourself? You can not do it yourself.

в третьем лице единственного числа настоящего времени у них нет окончания “s”:

He can play piano.

Глагол “can” означает “ умственную или физическую способность”, “вежливую просьбу или разрешение.

Глагол “must” означает “должен”, “обязан”:

You must keep the rule.

Глагол “may” означает “возможность, вероятность, разрешение”.

You may come in.

They may return tomorrow.

Глагол “should” означает “должен, должен бы, следует, cледовало бы”.

We should protect the planet.

Глагол “ have to” означает “надо, нужно, должен”, он часто переводиться “приходится”.

Politicians have to make speeches.

Скажите, что Вы можете делать и чего Вы не можете ( не умеете ) делать, используя следующие глаголы:

hear, listen, speak French, play golf, make, sing, dance, swim, talk, work, drive, jump, ride a horse, translate, cook.

2.Дайте краткие ответы на вопросы:

Can you speak Japanese? - Yes, _______

Will you bring your friend? - Yes, ______

Could Tom find his glasses? - No , ______

Should the children come home early? - Yes, ______

May I sit here?- No, ____

Can ducks swim under water? - Yes ____

Can you remember their phone number? - No, _____

3..Скажите, что Вы должны сделать завтра,используя следующие глаголы:

Get up early, make breakfast, go to work, go to school, make a telephone call, buy some food, write to, invite guests, visit a dentist/

4. Скажите, используя следующие глаголы, что Вы могли бы делать сегодня вечером (используя форму “might”)

go to the cinema stay at home

listen to music do some washing

have dinner at home go to a restaurant

watch TV read a magazine

go to bed early play at the computer

Упражнения на повторение:

1.Переведите на английский язык:

У меня нет ручки. Не мог бы ты мне дать свою?

Возьми зонт. Может пойти дождь.

Он не знает, где его шляпа. Он думает, что она может быть на кухне.

Это дерево закрывает окно. Ты должен его срубить.(cut it down)

Уже поздно. Я боюсь, мы должны уходить.

Можно мне открыть окно?

Вы должны ждать до 5 часов.

Он не умеет писать письма.

2.Переведите на английский язык:

Где он живет?

Это не мой кот.

Сколько лет Вашей сестре?

Он занят. Он пишет письмо.

Я не могу дать тебе эту книгу.

Я - не учитель. Я - аспирант.

Ты уже купил новую машину?

8. Что пишут сейчас студенты.

9. Я не умею прыгать в воду с высокой горы.

10.Вы говорите на французском.

11.Идет дождь Возьми зонт.

12.Она уже купила это новое платье.

13.Когда ты купила этот компьютер?

14.Давайте не пойдем сегодня в парк. Холодно.

3. Переведите на английский язык:

Он выпил два больших стакана молока.

Это не наш котенок.

Они уже смотрели этот фильм?

Когда Вы ездили в Израиль?

Давайте купим ей в подарок цветы.

Я не могу с тобой говорить сейчас, так как делаю уроки.

Мой брат не экономист, он - менеджер.

Они съели все зеленые яблоки.

Он не может сейчас прийти, так как он разговаривает по телефону.

Моя тетя работает не в Англии, а в Америке сейчас.

Сколько лет твоей жене?

Откуда ты приехал?

Английский более трудный, чем татарский.

Давай сходим сегодня вечером в парк.

Это упражнение труднее, чем то.

Что делает твой брат в саду сейчас? Уже почти полночь.

Том танцевал с Хелен весь вечер.

Шекспир родился в Страдфорде-на-Эвоне.

Это не моя сумка. Моя - черная. Дай мне мою сумку, пожалуйста.

Вы уже написали письмо в Москву?

Я не умею говорить громко.

VERB + OBJECT + INFINITIVE

I WANT YOU TO DO IT ( Я ХОЧУ, ЧТОБЫ ВЫ СДЕЛАЛИ ЭТО)

I want you to be happy.

He wants me to go to the bank.

She wants him to pay the bill.

We also use the structure Verb+ somebody + to … with:

advise, expect, ask, tell, force, invite, warn, mean, allow, forbid, need, order, persuade, help, cause, remind, leave, teach, would like.

Present progressive Tense.

We use the present progressive to talk about things which are happening now.

Positive and Negative.

Spelling.

Go + ing = going type + ing = typing

talk + ing = talkin write + ing = writing

short vowel + one consonant but long vowel + on consonant

begin + n + ing = beginning read + ing = reading

get + t + ing = getting feel + ing = feeling

1. Что происходит в данный момент. Напишите правильные предложения.

1 (I / wash / my hair) ...I'm not washing my hair.

2 (it / snow) .....It is snowing.

3 (1/sit/on a chair)

4 (I/eat)

5 (it / rain)

6 (I / learn / English)

7 (I / listen / to the radio)

8 (the sun / shine)

9 (I / wear/ shoes)

10 (I / smoke / a cigarette)

11 (I/ read / a newspaper)

2. Напишите вопрос 'What... doing?' .

1 (he) ...What is he doing? 3 (I) ?

2 (they) What doing?4 (your wife)?

3. Напишите вопрос 'Where ... going?'.

1 (we) ...Where are we going?

2 (those children) ?

3 (the girl with long hair) ?

4 (the man on the bicycle) ?

4. Напишите утвердительные или отрицательные ответы (Yes, I am / No, it isn't etc.).

1 Are you watching TV? ..No, I'm not.

2 Are you wearing shoes?

3 Are you wearing a hat?

4 Is it raining?

5 Are you eating something? .........................................

6 Are you feeling well? .................................................

7 Is the sun shining? .......................................................

8 Is your mother watching you? ......................................

6. Comparative and superlative degrees of adjectives

1. Short adjectives (1syllable) (однослоговые прилагательные)

adjective comparative superlative

(сравнительная степень) (превосходная степень)

cheap +er = cheaper +est = cheapest

young +er = younger +est = youngest

short +er = shorter +est = shortest

wide +er = wider +est = widest

small +er =smaller +est = smallest

Short adjective ending in one vowel + one consonant

(правила правописания)

big +g +er = bigger +g +est = biggest

fat +t +er = fatter +t +est = fattest

slim +m+er = slimmer +m +est = slimmest

hot +t +er = hotter +t +est = hottest

thin +n +er = thinner +n +est = thinnest

Adjectives ending in er, ow, etc (2 syllables) (двуслоговые прилагательные)

clever +er = cleverer +est = cleverest

narrow +er = narrower +est = narrowest

shallow +er = swallower +est = swallowest

4. Adjectives ending in y (2 syllables)

easy +ier = easier +iest = easiest

heavy +ier = heavier +iest = heaviest

early +ier = earlier +iest = earliest

funny +ier = funnier +iest = funniest

happy +ier = happier +iest = happiest

Adjectives ending on ous, ing, ful, ed ( 2 syllables) and long adjectives (3/4 syllables)

boring more boring most boring

famous more famous most famous

modern more modern most modern

polite more polite most polite

tired more tired most tired

expensive more expensive most expensive

comfortable more comfortable most comfortable

6. Irregular adjectives

good better best

bad worse worst

far further furthest

much/many more most

little less least

7. As … as, not as/so … as

He is as rich as his brother.

I'm as clever as my uncle.

Mary is not as/so nice as her sister.

Is the weather not so hot as this in New York?

8. The … the …

The more we learn, the more we know. - Чем Больше мы учим, тем больше мы знаем.

The sooner, the better. -Чем раньше, тем лучше.

9. Older than more expensive than

He is two years older than his brother.

My car is more expensive than his.

10. It's twice/three times/four times as long/light/heavy/high as

The road is twice as long as that one.

Some useful idioms of comparison:

As good as gold (золото) As old as the hills (холмы)

As busy as bee (пчела) As cold as ice (лед)

As changeable as weather (изменчив как погода)

7. Past simple

We use the past tense to tell stories about the past. We also use it when the time when something happened is important (выражает фиксированные действия в прошлом).

Время Past Indefinite служит:

Для выражения действия, совершившегося или совершавшегося в прошлом, при изложении прошедших событий. Past indefinite переводится на русский язык прошедшим временем глагола как совершенного, так и несовершенного вида, в зависимости от смысла предложения. Время совершения действия может быть выражено придаточным предложением или не указываться, а подразумеваться. Для выражения прошедшего действия в Past Indefinite могут употребляться такие обозначения времени, как yesterday вчера, last week на прошлой неделе, an hour ago час тому назад, the other day на днях, on Monday в понедельник, in 1998 в 1998 году, during the lesson во время урока и т.п.

I spoke to him the other day. Я говорил с ним на днях.

Не came at five o'clock. Он пришел в пять часов.

Не called when I was Он заходил, когда я был в Институте.

at the Institute.

2. Для выражения ряда последовательно происходивших событий:

Не !eft the hotel, took a taxi Он вышел из отеля, взял такси

and drove to the theatre, и поехал в театр.

When I arrived at the railway Когда я приехал на вокзал, station, I went to the booking- я пошел в кассу и office and bought a ticket, купил билет.

3. Для выражения обычного, повторявшегося в прошлом, действия:

Last winter I spent a lot of time Прошлой зимой я проводил много in the library, времени в читальном зале.

В этом случае вместо глагола в Past Indefinite очень часто употребляется глагол used [ju:sd] в сочетании со смысловым глаголом в форме инфинитива с частицей to:

Last winter I used to spend a lot of time in the library.

Образование Past Indefinite Tense

1. Утвердительная форма Past Indefinite Tense правильных глаголов образуется от инфинитива (без частицы to) путем прибавления во всех лицах окончания -ed :

to live - I lived; to work - I worked; to expect - I expected.

Окончание -ed произносится как [d], [t] или [id] в зависимости от предшествующего звука:

а) после звонких согласных, (кроме d) и гласных как [d]:

lived [livd] informed [i'nfo:md]

answered ['a:nsad] followed [foloud]

b) после глухих согласных (кроме t) как [t]:

helped [helpt], asked [a:skt], finished [fmifl]

c) после d и t как [id]:

waited [weitid], intended [intendid], wanted [wantid]

Past Indefinite неправильных глаголов образуется иными способами в основном путем изменения корня: to speak - I spoke [spouk], to begin - I began ; to sell - I sold [sould]; to lose - I lost [lost].

2.Вопросительная форма Past Indefinite Tense правильных и неправильных глаголов образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to do в прошедшем времени (did) и формы инфинитива смыслового глагола (без частицы to), причем вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим:

Did I work? Did I speak?

Did he work? Did he speak?

3. Отрицательная форма Past Indefinite Tense правильных и неправильных глаголов образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to do в прошедшем времени (did), частицы not и формы инфинитива смыслового глагола, причем not ставится после вспомогательного глагола:

I did not work. I did not speak.

He did not work. He did not speak.

4. В вопросительно-отрицательной форме Past Indefinite Tense частица not ставится непосредственно после подлежащего:

Did I not work? Did you not work? Did he not work?

Regular verbs (Правильные Irregular verbs (Неправильные

глаголы) глаголы)

work+ed=worked be - was,were

type+d=typed do - did

stop+p+ed=stopped have - had

stay+ed=stayed can - could

clean+ed=cleaned go - went

live+d=lived write - wrote

like+d=liked get - got

start+ed=started, etc. sell - sold, etc.

Positive (положительная форма)

I/you/he/she/we/they worked in London in 1995.

I/you/he/she/we/they went to London in 1995.

Negative (отрицательная форма)

We use didn't + infinitive (without to) in all persons.

I/you/he/she/we/they didn't work in London in 1995.

I/you/he/she/we/they didn't go to London in 1995.

Yes/No questions Short answers

(Вопросы с предположительным (Краткие ответы)

ответом “Yes”, “No”)

Did I/you/he/she/we/they work in London in 1995? Yes, I did./No I didn't.

Did I/you/he/she/we/they go to London in 1995? Yes, we did./No, we didn't.

Special questions (специальные вопросы, начинающиеся с вопросительных слов “when”, “why”, “where”, “how “ etc.)

When did I/you/he/she/we/they work in London? I worked in London in 1995.

Where did I/you/he/she/we/they go in 1995? I went to London in 1995.

Time expressions

night weekend

Saturday morning

last week yesterday afternoon

month evening

year summer

In 1987, in May, two days ago, from … till, all day long, the whole day

Упражнения на закрепление:

1.. Поставьте глагол в прошедшее время.

Yesterday he (go) to work by car.

I (watch) television yesterday evening.

He (write) a letter to Jane last week.

The accident (happen) last Sunday afternoon.

When I was a child, I (want) to be a judge.

We (leave) home at 8.30 this morning.

They (do) their shopping last Monday.

Ann (take) photographs last Sunday.

Завершите предложения, поставив глагол в отрицательную форму.

Пример: I saw John but I didn't see Mary.

They worked on Monday but they … on Tuesday.

We went to the shop but we … to the bank.

She had e pen but she … a paper.

Jack did Spanish at University but he … English.

I sent a letter to tom but I … to Mike.

She went to the post office but she … to the hospital.

I spoke English when I was a child but I … French.

I ate meat yesterday but I … fish.

He read a newspaper yesterday evening but he … a magazine.

Образуйте общий вопрос.

Пример:. I watched TV last night. And you? Did you watch TV last night?

I enjoyed the party. And you? ….

I had a good holiday. And you? ….

I got up early this morning. And you? ….

I slept well last night. And you? ….

I worked hard yesterday. And you? ….

I went to bed at eleven o'clock yesterday. And you? ….

I saw Tom at the party. And you? ….

I sent three telegrams yesterday. And you? ….

I passed the exam yesterday. And you? ….

4. Скажите, что вы делали (не делали) вчера.

Пример: (watch TV) I watched TV yesterday. I didn't watch TV yesterday.

(get up before 7.30)

(have a shower)

(buy magazine)

(speak English)

(do an examination)

(eat meat)

(meet my friend)

5.Образуйте специальный вопрос.

Пример: He went abroad . Where did he go?

I met somebody. Who … ?

Henry arrived. What time …?

She saw somebody. Who …?

They wanted something. What … ?

The party finished. What time …?

He went home early. Why …?

We had dinner. What …?

It cost a lot of money. How much …?

6. Разыграйте следующие и составьте аналогичныe диалоги.

Where were you yesterday morning?

I discussed a lot of problems with my manager. And you?

I saw many interesting things yesterday.

Did you buy any postcards?

Paul had an appointment at 11 o'clock with Mr. Brown.

No, he didn't have an appointment at 11 o'clock with Mr. Brown. He had an appointment with Mr. White.

7. Расскажите о вчерашнем дне, предварительно ответив на вопросы:

What did you have for breakfast yesterday?

Did you enjoy your breakfast?

What did you do after breakfast?

d…Did you go to work?

8. Образуйте вопрос и ответьте на него.

Пример: When did you last have a holiday? - Last July.

see a video

go shopping

give someone a present

take a photograph

send a letter

see a friend

have a dinner at a restaurant

lose something

go abroad

stay away from classes

tell a lie

discuss a difficult problem with you friend

buy a coat

get up late in the morning

be late to work

make a phone call

pay a bill

cash a cheque

9.. Скажите три вещи, которые вы могли делать в пять лет.

Пример: I could ride a bike when I was five.

10. Скажите три вещи, которые вы не могли делать в пять лет.

Пример: I couldn't use a computer when I was five.

Present Perfect

We use the present perfect tense for an action in the past with a result now (выражает действие, завершенное к данному моменту, результат которого налицо).

We use the present perfect with ever, never, already, just yet, recently, for since, etc.

Форма образования have/has + past participle of the verb

Positive (положительная форма)

I/we/you/they have done/finished

He/she/it has done/finished

Negative (отрицательная форма)

I/we/you/they have not (haven't) done/finished

He/she/it has not (hasn't) done/finished

Question (вопрос)

Have I/we/you/they done/finished?

Has he/she/it done/finished?

Examples:

I have just done my work.

I haven't done my work yet.

He has travelled all over the world.

They have already come home.

Irregulars (неправильные глаголы)

HAVE GOT/ HAVE

Have got = Have (в значении “иметь”, “обладать”).

Форма “have got” чаще употребляется в разговорной речи. Форма “have got “ в прошедшем времени не употребляется.

I've got a bad cold. падеж местоимение глагол существительный

но

I had a bad cold last week.

have got have

Positive Positive

I have got some money I have some money

You have got some money You have some money

We have got some money We have some money

They have got some money They have some money

He has got some money He has some money

She has got some money She has some money

It has got some money It has some money

Negative Negative

I haven't got any money I don't have any money

You haven't got any money You don't have any money

We haven't got any money We don't have any money

They haven't got any money They don't have any money

He hasn't got any money He doesn't have any money

She hasn't got any money She doesn't have any money

It hasn't got any money It doesn't have any money

Questions Questions

Have I got any money? Do I have any money?

Have you got any money? Do you have any money?

Have we got any money? Do we have any money?

Have they got any money? Do they have any money?

Has he got any money? Does he have any money?

Has she got any money? Does she have any money?

Has it got any money? Does it have any money?

How much money have you got? How much money do you have?

How many credit cards have I got? How many credit cards do I have?

Short answers Short answers

Yes, I have./ No, I haven't. Yes, I do./ No I don't.

Yes, she has./ No, she hasn't. Yes, she does./ No, she doesn't.

8. Past Continuous (Progressive) Tense

Настоящее Продолженное Время употребляется для обозначения действия, которое продолжалось какое-то время в прошлом в момент другого действия, выраженного, как правило, в прошедшем простом времени.

Образуется прошедшее продолженное время при помощи вспомогательного глагола “ to be” в прошедшем времени и “ing” формы смыслового глагола.

Сравните:

Настоящее продолженное Прошедшее продолженное

He is sleeping now. He was sleeping when I came.

Он спит сейчас. Он спал, когда я пришел.

I am reading now. I was reading when he phoned.

Я читаю сейчас. Я читал, когда он позвонил.

They are having dinner now. They were having dinner at 7 last night. Они обедают сейчас. Они обедали в 7 часов вечера вчера.

Вопросительная и отрицательная формы образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола “was” (“were”).

Например:

He was watching TV when she came.

Was he watching TV when she came?

He was not watching TV when she came.

What was he doing when she came?

What was he watching when she came?

Упражнения на закрепление.

Задайте вопросы по образцу:

Steve usually cleans his suit on Saturdays.

(when Jeff phoned)

Was Steve cleaning his suit when Jeff phoned?

Ann usually cooks dinner at 7 o'clock. (when Peter phoned)

Jill usually goes to the library every evening. ( when we saw her)

Liz plays the violin every day.( when mother came home)

Mr Brown reads his newspaper after supper. (when the telephone rang)

She usually does her homework in the afternoon. ( when Ann opened the door)

Jane sometimes drinks coffee with Mike. ( when her husband saw them)

2. Переведите диалог и обратите внимание на использование настоящего продолженного времени.

Thomas is a student. He's staying with the Taylors, an English family.

Thomas: Hello, Mrs Taylor. Can you help me? I'm doing my homework and I can't understand this word.

Mrs Taytor: Which one? Oh... that's difficult. I can't help you now.... I'm watching something...

Thomas: Oh? What are you watching?

Mrs Taylor: I'm watching a cowboy film.

Thomas: Can Mr Taylor help me?

Mrs Taylor: No, he can't now, Thomas. He's reading.

Thomas: What's he reading?

Mrs Taytor: He's reading a magazine.

Thomas: What about Kate?

Mrs Taylor: Oh, she can't help you now... she's phoning someone.

Thomas: Oh? Who's she phoning?

Mrs Taylor: She's phoning her boyfriend... you're asking a lot of questions tonight, Thomas!

Thomas: Am I?... Well,

I am practicing my English!

Напишите, что делали все члены семьи Тейлор в то время, когда Томас просил ему помочь.( Переделайте настоящее продолженное время в прошедшее продолженное.)

Например: When Thomas asked Mrs Taylor to help him, she was watching a cowboy film.

3. Используя образец, напишите 7 вопросов и ответьте на них .

What are Jill and John doing?- They are playing tennis.

1. Mr Smith/his car

2. Mary/a letter

3. Mr and Mrs Jones/television

4. Bob/a letter

5. Arthur and Mike/ a box

6. Mrs Brown/the dishes

7. Tony/beer

drinking

watching

carrying

writing

typing

cleaning

washing

Предлоги.

Времени.

at

8 o'clock

10.30

midnight etc.

I start work at 8 o'clock.

The shops close at 5.30 p.m.

on

Sunday(s)

25 April

New year's Day

Goodbye! See you on Friday.

I don't work on Sundays.

The concert is on 22 November.

- In

April / June

1985 / 1750

(the) summer / spring

I'm going on holiday in October.

Jill left school in 1995.

The garden is lovely in spring_

also

at the weekend

at night

at Christmas /Easter

at the end of ...

at the moment

in the morning

in the afternoon

in the evening

but

on Monday morning

on Friday evening, etc.

Are you going away at the weekend?

I can't sleep at night.

In Britain children get presents at Christmas.

I'm going on holiday at the end of October.

Are you busy at the moment?

I always feel good in the morning.

Do you often go out in the evening?

I'm meeting Jill on Monday morning.

Are you doing anything on Friday?_

in five minutes / in a few days / in six weeks / in two years etc.

- Hurry! The train leaves in five minutes.

- Goodbye. I'll see you in a few days.

at on in We do not use at/ on / in before:

this ... (this morning / this week...)

every ...( every day / every week...)

last ... (last August / last week ...)

next ... ( next Monday / next week ...)

- They're going on holiday next Monday.

- Last summer we went to Scotland.

8.1 The past perfect tense

The Past Perfect Tense( Прошедшее законченное время) употребляется для выражения прошедшего действия, которое произошло до другого действия в прошлом или которое закончилось в прошлом к определенному моменту.

Например:

I had already had dinner when they arrived.

Я уже пообедал, когда они прибыли.

He had finished his work by 2 o'clock yesterday.

Он уже закончил работу к 2 часам вчера.

Образуется Прошедшее законченное время при помощи прошедшей формы вспомогательного глагола “to have “ и причастия 2 ( третьей формы) cмыслового глагола.

Вопросительная форма образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола “had”:

Had she taken that bag before you asked her?

Had they done the shopping by 3 p.m. yesterday?

Why had she told him everything before his wife saw them?

Отрицательная форма Прошедшего законченного времени образуется при помощи отрицательной частицы “not”, которая ставится после вспомогательного глагола “ had”:

The post had not arrived when she went downstairs.

Упражнения.

1. Перепишите предложения в прошедшем законченном времени, сделав все необходимые изменения:

1. I am not hungry. I have already had dinner.

He is not tired. He has already had a sleep.

She is not busy. She has already done her homework.

She doesn't take the umbrella. The rain has already stopped.

They are not in a hurry. The train has already left.

We do not have to take a taxi. The car has already come.

Переведите на английский язык.

Когда я попросил Аню напечатать письмо, она сказала , что она его уже отпечатала.

Она сказала мне свое имя после того, как он ушел.

Когда они прибыли, спектакль уже начался.

Он уже изучал экономику до того, как уехал из Англии.

Он поблагодарил меня за то, что я для него сделал.

Когда они пришли на станцию, поезд уже отошел.

Она не узнала его, потому что никогда не видела его раньше

9. The future action

Для выражения будущего действия в современном английском языке употребляется

Future Simple

Give me your bag. I'll carry it for you (решение принято в момент речи)

Present Continuous

I'm having an appointment tonight (запланированная встреча)

Going to (собираться что-либо сделать)

We are going to move to London.

Future Indefinite Tense

Образование Future indefinite Tense

1. Утвердительная форма Future Indefinite Tense образуется при помощи вспомогательных глаголов shall и will и формы инфинитива смыслового глагола (без частицы to). Shall употребляется с 1-м лицом единственного и множественного числа, a will с остальными лицами:

I (we) shall work

he (she, it) , .„ .

, , ' } will work you (they)

2. В вопросительной форме Future Indefinite вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим:

Shall I (we) work? Will he (you, they) work?

3. Отрицательная форма Future Indefinite образуется при помощи отрицательной частицы not, которая ставится после вспомогательного глагола:

I (we) shall not work. He (you, they) will not work.

4. В вопросительно-отрицательной форме Future indefinite частица not стоит непосредственно после подлежащего:

Shall I (we) not work? Will he (you, they) not work?

5. В разговорной речи обычно употребляются следующие сокращения:

I'll [ail] work I shan't [ja:nt] work Shan't I work?

he'll [hil] work I" II not work

she'll [j'i:l] work he won't [wount] work Won't he (she, it) work?

we'll [wi:l] work he'll not work

You'll [ju:l] work she won't work Shan't we work?

They'll [6eil] work she'll not work

it won't work it will not work Won't you work?

we shan't work we' II not work Won't they work?

you won't work you'll not work

they won't work they'll network

Употребление Future Indefinite Tense

Future Indefinite Tense употребляется:

1. Для выражения действия, которое совершится в будущем. Может обозначать как однократное, так и повторяющееся действие. Future Indefinite Tense переводится на русский язык будущим временем глагола совершенного и не совершенного вида, в зависимости от общего смысла предложения:

Не will return to Moscow Он вернется в Москву через

in a few days. несколько дней.

We shall not see him til! Monday. Мы не увидим его до понедельника. They will take English lessons Они будут брать английские уроки twice a week. два раза в неделю.

Примечание. Future Indefinite не употребляется в придаточных предложениях времени и условия:

Наряду с Future Indefinite, будущее время (действие) выражается также посредством:

оборота

а) to be going to... - собираться сделать что-либо.

I am going to send him a telegram. Я собираюсь послать ему телеграмму.

(Я пошлю ему телеграмму.)

Не is going to spend this summer Он собирается провести свои летние vocation in the Crimea. каникулы в Крыму. (Он проведет...)

б) to be + смысловой глагол (+ing) (Настоящее продолженное время)

Не is taking his examination on Friday. У него экзамен в пятницу.

(Он держит экзамен в пятницу.)

в) Present Indefinite Tense:

The steamer sails tomorrow. Пароход уходит завтра.

г) shall/will + модель, представленная в пункте б)

Не will be meeting us at the station. Он нас встретит (будет встречать) на

вокзале.

I shall be writing to him tomorrow. Я напишу (буду писать) ему завтра.

Эти варианты выражения будущего действия очень часто употребляются в разговорной речи вместо Future Indefinite Tense. Особенно часто употребляется оборот to be going to для выражения намерения какого-нибудь лица совершить действие или уверенности в его совершении.

If and When

В придаточных предложениях времени или условия для выражения будущих действий употребляется present simple, а не future simple.

When (if) he reads this book he will give it to me.

Когда (если) он прочтет эту книгу, он даст ее мне.

I shall send him a telegram, if I do Я пошлю ему телеграмму, если не

not receive an answer to my letter, получу ответа на свое письмо.

* if you see ... / if I am ... etc. for the future. For example:

- If you see Ann this evening, can you ask her to phone me?

We say: if you see (not 'if you will see'), if I am (not 'if I will be'). Use the present (not 'will) after if:

- If I'm late this evening, don't wait for me. (not 'If I will be late')

- What shall we do if it rains? (not 'if it will rain')

- If I don't feel well tomorrow, I'll stay at home.

-When I get home this evening, I'm going to have a shower.

Упражнения

1..Вставьте if или when:

1... I'm late this evening, don't wait for me.

2 ........ I don't see you tomorrow, I'll phone you.

3. Do you mind ........ I close the window?

4 _..... I get up in the morning, Г usually drink a cup of coffee

5. Have something to eat. ........ you don't eat now, you'll be hungry later

6 John is still 1 at school. ........ he leaves school, he wants to go to university.

7 Be careful! ........ you aren't careful, you'll fall.

2. I'm going to .. or I'll…

What are you going to do when you finish college?

What sort of job do you hope to get?

Where will you live?

Where will you live if your job is far away?

How will you spend your first month's salary?

Are you going to travel to other countries?

Where do you hope to go?

Taking phone calls. (Как принять телефонный звонок)

Can I help you?

Who is calling?

What name, please?

Can I have… ?

Could I speak to …?

I'd like to …?

- Good morning, Park hotel. Can I help you?

I'd like to book a room for three nights.

Yes, madam. Could I have your name, please?

Mrs. Andrews.

-___________Garden restaurant. Can I help you?

_____reserve a table for six, for Wednesday evening.

Yes, what name ,please?

My name is Jackson.

- Good evening. Fratelli's.

____speak to the manager ____?

- Yes, who is calling?

Mr. Evans.

- Good morning, Carlton Hotel. Can I help you?

Hello,______reservations , please?

________please.

Make sentences.

Example: morning / can / help

Good morning! Can I help you?

afternoon /can / help

could / have / name

can / have / reservations

could / speak / manager

could / book / single room / two nights

could / speak / John

could / reserve table / for six

can / have / room service

B. making requests with “I'd like to … “

Make sentences.

Example: book / single room / three nights

I'd like to book a single room for three nights.

book / double room / two nights

reserve / table for two / Tuesday evening

book / single room / four nights

speak / manager

reserve / table for four / Saturday / 8 p.m.

send / an application form

invite / guests / weekend

listen / cassette / jass

New words to use:

to book manager number table

double name reserve application form

full night single room service

S U M M A R Y

Now you can ( теперь Вы можете):

Answer the telephone politely ( отвечать на звонок вежливо ) -

“- Good morning. Can I help you?”

Ask for things (попросить что-либо) -

“ - Could I have your name, please?”

Understand, what people want ( понять, о чем Вас просят ) -

“ - I'd like a single room.”

“ - Could I speak to the manager, please?”

Ask who is on the phone ( спросить, кто звонит) -

“ - Who is calling?”

Extra words: Days of the week -

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

Numbers - twenty three( but the twenty third)

Giving information.

The hotel is in the center of the city.