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Bp|~z ~{ u~ r`xp~ ~{p}y tuxyr (r{|ptr) y u~~ q}ps (~tr). E|y ~}p u~p {rpu wytpu}z y u~, u|y {|yu~ tru`u y~p~r} y~yp}, ~trz ~{ }wu p uux~} {~{u~} rp|~} ~{.

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Puu|yr "{pyp|~ p{yrr" `r|`` rpw~z pr|`uz }yrs y~p~rs ~{p.

Rru}u~~p` }uwt~pt~p` y~uspy` utpr|`u qz qu{yr~z u zyr {~}yu{y r`xuz y pxtu|u~y` tp ~py~p|~ x`zr, {u q|yx{y ru} pxryy. I~uspy` rutu { u~} uu|uu~y ~py~p|~ x`zr, xtp~y usy~p|~ {}|u{r. B ru} pxryyy y~uspy~~z u ty ~u{|{ ptyz, r{|p` xtp~yu uty~s ~{p ~yy{pyuz ytyu{y y {~}y{-u~yu{y |ryz sr|y, trywu~y` {pyp|p y pquz y|, qpxrp~yu {~}yu{s y rp|~s xp.

Purtu} r tu|u xtp~y` y~uspy~~ syr{ p| Eruz{yz {~}yu{yz x (E^R). E^R utpr|`u qz ruqpx~ |pqpy, stu pqprp` }tu|y y }uty{y y~uspy~~s up. R 1979s. r p}{p Rqurp ~pp|p }yrp` Eruz{p` rp|~p` yu}p (EBR).

Hptpp EBR - qrrp ~ywu~y y~|`yy r p~p-p~yp y quuyrp pqy|~ y rp|~ {r. Mup~yx} tuzry` EBR ut|pspu y|xrp~yu uty~z pu~z uty~y - ^K_ (p~s|. European Currency Unit - Eru{p` tu~uw~p` uty~yp). B 1995 s. ^K_ uuy}u~rp|y r EBQO (EURO).

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B 1992 s. q|y typ~ s|pu~y` p~-p~y E^R uutu { uty~z tu~uw~z uty~yu r p}{p Rxp. Ptpx}urpu` xtp~yu Wu~p|~s Eruz{s qp~{p, {z |y pr }yyy urqp~{~ y uru{r. Eruz{yz qp~{ rty uty~ {uty~-tu~uw~ |yy{ Rxp: utu|u~yu {p EBQO ~u~y { t||p y { tsy} r~u~y} rp|p}, u~~z pr{y ur{utyp}, |ryz tpwy y {|y uruz{y u~~ q}ps.

Brutu~yu urrp| rqty qpu~yu rpr, |s, {pyp|p, uutrywu~yu |tuz ru py` {p u, {p{ ru}u~y, p{ y utr.

O Er, ~u y}uyz {p p~p|sr r }yu, |uxu~ y rpq{u {~uyz }uwstpru~~s t~yurp y }uwt~pt~z y~uspyy.

3.

I~uspy` ~py~p|~s x`zrp r }yr ~~ yu} - u pxryy` rxpy}r`xuz }uwt qu{p}y ~py~p|~z y }yrz {~}y{y y yquu~y` y}y rxpy}rst~s, zyrs, us|`~s y ~uqpy}s pp{up. .

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Quq|y{p Au|p rqp|p y~uspyy r }yr ~~ yu} uux pyu r up usy~p|~z {~}yu{z y~uspyy r p}{p Rtwurp Nuxpryy} Ctpr, Rx~s stprp Au|py y Qyy, Erpxyz{s {~}yu{s qurp y Ety~s {~}yu{s -p~rp Au|py, Qyy, Kpxpp~p y T{py~. B ~p`uu ru}` ~pq|tpu` u|z `t q|u} }y{-, }p{- y y~yy~p|~s r~uz r ~{y~yrp~yy y y~uspy~~ qpxrp~yz, uty {: uuwpuu pxryyu y~yy~p|~s r~` y~uspy~~ ~u~yz ~pt pxryyu} }y{ - y }p{r~`; ~upr~}u~u pxryyu ~~ y~yr, qry y~uspyy; ~u|~u r|~u~yu {~}yu{y}y qu{p}y rx` ~p uq` y~uspy~~ q`xpu|r; ~uu{yr~ }uwstpru~~ sp~r pr|u~y` u} y~uspyy; ~yu|~p` ~upxry `} sr, {upy~~, y~ruyy~~, }yspy~~, ~p~-u~yu{y r`xuz, p p{wu rxpy}~z sr|y y r}u~s yxrtrp |s; ~usr~ {~}y{y p~ RNC { |~} rxpy}~} {rp~y; ~ut~t~ p|ur yyur p~ RNC; qp` u~yu{p` p| {~}y{y; px|yy` r {y y pu{y` ty~p}y{y }p{{~}yu{y pp{uyy{ p~ RNC.

Bu }upu uty~u~y y pyrp~y ~py~p|~ ryxrtru~~ ur r~y RNC y us qusy~p|~ qpxrp~yz. B ux|pu p~ RNC y us qusy~r pu` spxt }u~u rtr t|` r}u~s rwtu~y` r }yr {~}y{.

O~y |yq rpyrp ~{y tp|~us xpquw` ty~{u, yu~y` uy}uru~~ ~p sr| ~yx{~p{u}{y}y rpp}y, |yq xp}{p ry r~u~usru {y ~p p~ RNC, {p{ tu|pu Au|p, q|r|yrpu ~yx{yu u} uu rwtu~y` r }yr {~}y{.

3.1.B~u~u{~}yu{yu r`xy Quq|y{y Au|p

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Np ~pp| 2002 s. Quq|y{p Au|p typ|p q|uu 850 tr~~y }uwstpru~~ y }uwpryu|ru~~ tsrr q|u}py{u r~u~u|yyu{z y r~u~u{~}yu{z tu`u|~y.

Quq|y{p rrxy ~p }yrz ~{ q|uu 1000 ~py}u~rp~yz rp~z t{yy. Sptyy~~ uru uu }up r rp~z {u {p, ~p t| { yty` q|uu |ry~ rrxp ~p r~u~yz ~{, xp~y}p p~~u utrp ({| 17%), y}yu{p` t{y` (14%), }py~ y qtrp~yu (12%), u{y| y u{y|~u yxtu|y` (11%). A|p` p qu|{y rpr ytu ~p ~{ Qyy, 14 usy~r {z, r{|p` M{r y M{r{ q|p, y}u uyp|~u sru s|pu~y` QA. B} rpw~uzy} sr} p~u} uq|y{y `r|`u` T{py~p, xp {z |ut tsyu p~ ru{s p~rp.

Ix sr p~ur Dp|~us Hpquw` rutuu }u y~pt|uwy Cu}p~yy y tsy} ru|y{y} tuwprp} Hppt~s }yp.

B ux|pu Quq|y{p Au|p uty p~ RNC xp~y}pu rpw~u }u r uu r~u~uz sr|y. Eu {~p` y y}~p` {rp {|uq|u` r utu|p 45 - 55%.

Hp |ut~uu ru}` Au|p x~pyu|~ pyy|p ry r~u~u{~}yu{yu r`xy y uux y~ruyy~~z {pyp|.

Np uu uyyy ~{y~yu {| `y r}u~ uty`yz (RP), yx { q|uu 200 tuzr pyu} uty~y}pu|uz Cu}p~yy. Sp{yu qu|{-su}p~{yu RP, {p{ M@H-M@N, Au|-ru, My~{yz }uqu|~z u~, yxru~ ~u |{ r Au|py, ~ y tp|u{ xp uu utu|p}y. Nu}u{yu y~ru xp~y}p ru }u {|yur xtp~~ uty`yz ~p uyyy uq|y{y 100% {pyp|}, p` r } |{ P|u. Pprtp, ~p uyyy UQC xpusyyrp~ rus |y 3 r}u~ qu|{-su}p~{y y}, xp~y}py` yxrtr} |u{~~ yxtu|yz, {}|u{y, {}}uu{y}y |sp}y, |yxy~s}.

. 21 , 13 8 100% . , 11 , , , .

. 8 6 100% . Volvo.

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.., .. " ( )" (., 1996.);

.. (., 2001.);

.. (., 2002.);

.. (., 2006.);

.., (., 1995.).

(2, 2000., 2, 2002.)


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