Efficiency of production of chicken-broiler meat by new technology

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Efficiency of production of chicken-broiler meat by new technology

V.I. Gudymenko

Abstract

The article reflects the results of poultry meat production using the new Patio technology. An assessment of the fattening meat qualities of broiler chickens of the Hubbard F-15 cross is given. Ways are proposed to increase poultry meat production through the use of the Patio system.

Keywords: technology, cross, live weight, growth energy, slaughter indicators, efficiency.

Аннотация

Эффективность производства мяса цыплят-бройлеров по новой технологии

В.И. Гудыменко

В статье отражены результаты производства мяса птицы по новой технологии «Патио». Дана оценка откормочных мясных качеств цыплят-бройлеров кросса Хаббард F-15. Предложены пути увеличения производства мяса птицы за счет использования системы «Патио».

Ключевые слова: технология, кросс, живая масса, энергия роста, убойные показатели, продуктивность.

Poultry farming in the country is developing rapidly and is one of the main relatively inexpensive sources of protein food for the population. This is facilitated by the economic efficiency of the industry, which is due to early maturity of poultry and low feed costs for production. In terms of feed conversion, poultry meat is superior to all other livestock industries. For the production of 1 kg of broiler meat, feed is spent 1.5 and 2.5 times less than for the same amount of pork and beef.

To ensure the implementation of an increase in the volume of meat products of industrial poultry farming, Belgrankorm LLC has developed a target program for the development of broiler poultry farming, which provides for a significant increase in poultry and the resulting meat products based on the concept of transferring broiler production to a new level of improvement of the existing technology of poultry farming and development new standards.

At OOO BGK Veliky Novgorod (a subsidiary of OOO Belgrankorm) a new Patio system has been introduced and is operating, which combines the stages of egg incubation, hatching of young stock and raising broilers.

Patio is an innovative broiler management concept with the fundamental difference that the birds are incubated and reared in the same environment.

At the same time, the country uses a traditional system of growing broiler chickens, where meat and poultry are produced at a fairly high level. However, science and practice puts forward new technologies to improve the efficiency of poultry factories.

Practical experience of poultry farms with high meat productivity of poultry shows that one of the most effective methods for increasing productive broiler chickens in a short time is to improve the existing technologies for growing them. At the same time, it is very important to use the Patio system when growing young poultry.

Research and production studies were carried out within the framework of the planned research work of the Department of General and Private Animal Science of the Belgorod State Agrarian University named after V.Ya. Gorin.

The purpose of the experiment was to study the efficiency of growing broiler chickens using the new Ratio system in comparison with the existing technology.

Scientific research was carried out in OOO BGK Veliky Novgorod on broiler chickens of the Hubbard F-15 cross from one day old to 40 days old. For the experiment, 2 groups of day-old broiler chickens with a body weight of 40-42 grams were selected, 300 heads each. The first batch of young birds (group 1) was raised according to the BroMaxx system, the second (group 2) - according to the Patio system.

The results of experimental studies showed that when comparing the two housing systems, a definite advantage of broiler chickens raised according to the "Patio" system was traced during the entire feeding period.

So, for the first five days of growing, the live weight of broiler chickens kept on the "Patio" system reached 114.9 g and was higher than that of the peers of the 1st group (the "BroMaxx" system) by 5.9%; The same trend was observed in subsequent age periods: at 10 days of age - by 3.5%, 20 days - by 4.2%, 30 days - by 3.3% and in 40 days - by 3.1%.

The live weight of broiler chickens of the Khabard cross at the end of cultivation according to the "Patio" system reached 2270 grams, which fully meets the requirements of the standard of this cross.

One of the main indicators characterizing the growth rate of young poultry is the dynamics of the average daily growth. The analysis of the dynamics of average daily gains indicates that broiler chickens raised according to the "BroMaxx" system were inferior in this characteristic to their peers raised according to the "Patio" system at all age periods.

It was found that for the first five days of growing this trait with this system of keeping broilers (BroMaxx) was 12.9 g and was inferior to the more progressive system of keeping (“Patio”) by 11.6%, at 6-10 days - by 5.8%, at 11-20 days - by 3.2%, at 21-30 days - by 2.2% and at 31-40 days by 2.8%.

The average daily gain for the entire growing period was 56.3 g in chickens-broilers of the first experimental group, 57.6 g in the second, or 2.3% higher than that of their peers raised according to the traditional technology of keeping.

The level of safety in chickens - broilers raised according to the "Patio" system (group P) was 1.2% higher than that of their peers in group I, and for the entire period growing the level of safety in chickens-broilers of the I group was 94.0%, P - 95.2%.

It was noted that in the period 1-5 days, feed consumption in the second experimental group of chickens - broilers significantly exceeded this indicator of the peers of group 1 (by 9.4 g or 11.9%). We associate this fact with the earlier consumption of water and compound feed for young poultry kept according to the Patio system. With the further growing of broilers, this tendency in feed consumption persisted, however, feed costs per 1 kg of gain, starting from 11 days of age, were also more efficiently used by chickens raised according to the new technology of their keeping (by 1.4-16.1%).

In addition to the above data on feed consumption by chickens-broilers, we calculated the use per unit of increase in metabolic energy and crude protein on average for the general groups of young poultry. So, for the period of the experiment (40 days), the consumption of feed by chickens of group II was 1126.9 kg; broilers of group I consumed 1105.0 kg, or 21.9 kg and 1.9% less. The somewhat greater use of compound feed in the second group of young poultry is explained by its cultivation according to the new technology, which provides for feeding and watering the chickens from the moment they hatch.

However, evaluating the feed conversion, it was found that the broiler chicks' feed was used more rationally on the Patio system. To obtain 1 kg of live weight gain, they spent 1.68 feed. units Peers of group I spent 1.74 feed on this unit of growth. units, which is 3.6% more than in the P group of poultry. A similar difference was found in the consumption of crude protein and the consumption of metabolic energy per 1 kg of gain in live weight of chickens.

It should be noted that broiler chickens raised using different technologies practically did not exceed the standards for feed consumption per unit of live weight gain.

Thus, the improvement of the main zootechnical indicators in the group of chickens raised according to the "Patio" system. confirmed by an increase in the safety of the livestock, an increase in the average daily gain in body weight and a better conversion of feed nutrients in the poultry body. The meat productivity of poultry is characterized by a complex of features reflecting the quantity and quality of meat (table 1).

Table 1 - Slaughter indicators of carcasses of chickens-broilers, g

When evaluating the slaughter qualities of chickens-broilers raised according to different technologies, it was found that young poultry kept according to the Patio system had a higher pre-slaughter live weight (2344.7 kg), a gutted carcass weight (1697 kg) and a slaughter yield (72,3%) compared with peers raised using traditional technology. So, in terms of gutted carcass weight, their advantage was 75.8 g or 4.7%; lethal output - by 1.5%.

The new technology of raising chickens has had a positive effect on the yield of the most valuable pectoral and femoral muscles.

By deboning the carcasses of chickens - broilers raised according to different technologies, a more detailed layout of the meat qualities of its individual parts and the most valuable - the breast was determined

It was noted that when deboning a carcass, a significant part of it is the breast. In the second experimental group, its weight reached 502.3 g or 29.6% of the carcass weight and exceeded this indicator among the peers of the first experimental group by 25.4 g or 5.4%. The deboning of the carcass of the breast part of chickens-broilers of group II indicates that muscle tissue occupies its bulk (386.9 g or 22.8%) and exceeds this characteristic in young poultry of group I. Although the former, having an advantage in the size of muscle tissue in this part of the carcass, were slightly inferior to the chickens of the I group grown according to the traditional technology in terms of skin mass (by 1.2%) and bone mass (by 1%).

By deboning the thighs of the carcasses, it was found that with practically the same yield of muscle tissue, skin and bone, the advantage in absolute terms was on the side of the broilers of the second experimental group. With an equal bone mass, they exceeded young birds of the first group in terms of muscle tissue by 14.1 g and 6.8%, skin - by 3.7 g and 8.4%.

The analysis of the slaughter indicators, taking into account the ratio of edible and inedible parts of carcasses and internal organs in chickens raised using different technologies, showed that the carcasses of broilers from the experimental group contained 6.5% more muscle tissue compared to their peers in the first experimental group. poultry farm broiler chicken patio

It should be noted that the weight amount of bones in the carcasses of both groups of poultry was practically the same (285.5-286.4 g).

The proportion of skin in carcasses also had a slight advantage in broiler chickens raised according to the Patio system (by 0.3%), and in percentage terms they were inferior (by 4.0%) to their peers raised according to the traditional technology. The same trend in the weight difference between the experimental groups of broilers can be attributed to the content of adipose tissue in carcasses.

The calculated ratio of edible and inedible parts of the carcass of chickens-broilers in experimental group I was 4.6, II - 4.9, and meat-bone index 3.3 and 3.5, respectively by groups. The advantage according to these indicators was on the side of the poultry raised according to the modern technology of keeping and exceeded in percentage terms these characteristics in broilers raised according to the traditional technology (by 6.5 and 6.1%, respectively).

It was noted that the increase in the yield of the considered indicators was not due to bones, but mainly due to the muscle tissue of poultry carcasses. The findings also indicate that the use of the Patio System in broiler chickens has a positive effect on meat production, as well as on the ratio of edible carcass parts to inedible parts and muscle to bones.

When slaughtering an experimental livestock of poultry (its safety in group I was 94%, in group II - 95.2%), it was found that 484.5 kg of meat was obtained from broiler chickens raised according to the Patio system. This exceeds this indicator among peers kept according to traditional technology by 27.7 kg or 6.1%. They also had an advantage in the output of the first category of carcasses; it was 85.3%, which is 0.9% higher than that of the broilers of group I. The output of nonstandard carcasses and category II, on the contrary, was correspondingly lower.

A technological method used in production conditions will be cost-effective if the profit from the sale of products is economically feasible and allows you to reimburse not only the costs invested, but also contributes to the receipt of additional profit.

The calculation of the economic indicators of the production of meat of chickens-broilers with different technologies of their cultivation confirmed that the use of the Patio system is more profitable, as evidenced by the data given in Table 2.

Table 2 - Economic efficiency of growing chickens-broilers

The livestock at the end of the experiment in group I was 282, in group II - 286 (the survival rate of young animals, respectively, in groups: 95 and 96.2%). With different growth energies of broiler chickens and their live weight during removal from fattening, 6.708 quintals of live weight were produced in the second group of poultry live weight, which is 24.5 kg and 2.3% more among peers raised using traditional technology.

During the period of fattening (40 days), the consumption of feed by chickens of the II group was 1126.9 kg, broilers of the I group consumed 1105.0 kg, or 21.9 kg and 1.9% less.

A slightly higher consumption of compound feed in the second group of young poultry is explained by its cultivation according to a new technology, which provides for feeding and watering the chickens from the moment of their hatching and increased safety.

However, evaluating the feed conversion, it was found in the experiment that the feed of the chickens raised on the Patio system was consumed more rationally (due to the greater energy of growth). They spent 1.68 c.u. per 1 kg of growth; peers of group I spent 1.74 c.u. on this unit of growth, which is 3.5% more than in group II poultry.

The cost of 1 quintal of live weight production for poultry raised according to the Patio system (group P) was higher than that of group I broilers. This increased cost indicator for the new technology of poultry growing occurred due to an increase in general production costs: electricity and gas.

However, the advantage in live weight of raised broilers due to their higher growth energy exceeded the net profit (by 7.5%) and the level of profitability (by 1.0%) compared to growing chickens using traditional technology.

The economic indicators of the production of meat of chickens-broilers were calculated by the final livestock in the experimental groups. When studying other elements of economy, the live weight of chickens before slaughter, the weight of carcasses and their yield, the amount of all meat in the slaughter weight were taken into account.

Then they entered data on the selling price of products, sales proceeds, total production costs, its cost, profit and profitability. However, additional income from offal of I and II categories was not taken into account.

The data on the economic efficiency of the production of meat of chickens-broilers are shown in Table 3.

Table 3 - Economic efficiency of production of meat of chickens-broilers

The proceeds from the sale of products in the second experimental group of broilers amounted to 40.037 thousand rubles, which is 2.327 thousand rubles. and 6.2% higher than in the first group of peers, and the cost of 1 quintal of meat was lower by 72 rubles, or 1.2%. This difference in favor of the II experimental group of chickens is explained in the greater production of the slaughter weight of the poultry.

With slightly higher total costs (4.9%) for the production of chicken meat in the second group, the profit of broilers raised on the Patio system amounted to 12.047 thousand rubles, which is 1.032 rubles. and 9.4% higher than in the group of young poultry raised according to traditional technology.

The level of profitability in group I chickens was 41.3%, in group II - 43.0%.

Thus, the conducted studies have established and proved the prospects of widespread introduction into industrial poultry farming of the system of growing chickens-broilers according to the Rtio system, which allows increasing the profitability of poultry meat production.

References

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