The factors that influence on motivation of people to attend Zenit football club matches at the new stadium "Gazprom Arena"
A study of the attendance of the games of the "Zenit-Saint-Petersburg" team. Determination of the main factors affecting the motivation of fans during a trip to the stadium. The main factors that affect the motivation of fans of the St. Petersburg team.
Рубрика | Спорт и туризм |
Вид | дипломная работа |
Язык | английский |
Дата добавления | 28.11.2019 |
Размер файла | 148,1 K |
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After rotating all motives, we came up with the following five underlying factors to explain the behaviour of sample. It was labelled those constructs as :
1. Social factors
2. Stadium facilities and location
3. Entertaining factors
4. Sport factors
5. Factor of ticket prices
In order to confirm the hypotheses put forward, it is necessary to group the factors into groups, then calculate the average values for each group and identify which group of factors influences the motivation of the audience, and which does not. When calculating the importance of the groups will be allocated 4 categories - strongly insignificant, with measures below 2,5; insignificant, with measures below 3; significant, with measures more than 3; strongly significant, with measures more than 3,5 After grouping all the factors, the following values are obtained:
· Social factors - 3,6 - strongly significant; - H1 is improved
· Stadium facilities and location - 2,8 - insignificant; - H3 - is disproved
· Entertaining factors - 2,2 - strongly insignificant; H4 - is disproved
· Sport factors - 3,1- significant; H5 - is improved
· Factor of tickets - 3,5 - significant; H2 - is improved
5.2 Motivational structure differences regarding gender and age
A secondary purpose of this study is to evaluate whether, and to want extent, gender and age influence the process of deciding to attend a football match. It is also necessary to answer the last two hypotheses H6 and H7.
To identify the determining factors in men and women, the average values by gender will be analyzed.
After analyzing the data Appendix 3,4 and Appendix 5,6 the following conclusions can be made, for men, when going to the stadium the main factors are: Atmosphere (4,23); Spending time with friends (3,8); Status of the match ( 3,7); Possibility to attend big-event (3,7); Result of the game (3,6); Spending time with family (3,5). It can also be concluded that the following factors do not play a role when it looks like a stadium - Watch for favorite player (2,5); Interactive entertaining (2,4); Parking (2,24); FAN-PROMENAD (2,2); Free gifts (1,8).
For women, the following factors are decisive when going to the stadium: Atmosphere (4,3); Safety on stadium (4,2); Possibility to attend big-event (3,9); Spending time with family (3,9); Spending time with friends (3,9); Ticket price (3,7); Easy ticket buying (3,7); To diversify leisure (3,6). However, the following factors does not matter for women when going to the stadium: Parking (2,4); Watch for favorite player (2,37); FAN-PROMENAD (2,35); Game analysis (2,3); Free gifts (2,2);
After grouping all the factors, the following values are obtained for women:
· Social factors - 3,7 - strongly significant;
· Stadium facilities and location - 3,1 - significant;
· Entertaining factors -2,4 - strongly insignificant;
· Sport factors - 2,9 - insignificant;
· Factor of tickets - 3,7 - strongly significant.
And for men :
· Social factors - 3,53 - strongly significant;
· Stadium facilities and location - 2,7 - insignificant;
· Entertaining factors -2,1 - strongly insignificant;
· Sport factors - 3,2 - significant;
· Factor of tickets - 3,2 - significant.
Based on the obtained results , it can be concluded that the factors affecting the motivation when visiting the stadium are different for men and women, hence the hypothesis - H6 is proved.
To identify the determining factors between age groups, the average values by age will be analyzed Appendix 7,8; Appendix 9,10; Appendix 11,12 and Appendix 13,14. After analyzing the data the following conclusions can be made. Firstly, the main factors for people under 17 y.o. : Atmosphere (4,4); Possibility to attend Big-event (4,18); Spending time with friends (4,13) ; quality of the game(4); communication with link-minded people (3,93) ; safety on stadium (3,87) ; spending time with family (3,73) ; Ticket price(3,66) ; Status of the match(3,6); For the second age group 18-25 y.o. important factors are : Atmosphere(4,36); Spending time with friends (4,11); Possibility to attend Big-event (3,9); To diversify leisure; result of the match (3,66); Spending time with family (3,57); Safety on the stadium(3,55) ; easy ticket buying (3,54) ; Status of the match; To third age group 26-35 y.o. can be attributed next factors which influence on motivation to go to the stadium : atmosphere (4,43); safety in stadium (4,07); spending time with family (4,04); result of the game; possibility to attend Big-event (3,96) ; status of the match(3,89) ; easy ticket buying (3,82) ; spending time with friends (3,71);status of rival(3,64); quality of Zenit game (3,61); and for the last group, fans older than 36 y.o. : safety on stadium (3,94); atmosphere (3,84); spending time with family (3,81).
Below will be presented a table of groups of factors, in order to find out whether the hypothesis H7 is correct or not.
Table 2.
Age |
Ticket factors |
Stadium facilitites anf location |
Sport factors |
Entertaining factors |
Social factors |
|
U17 |
3,43 |
2,85 |
3,1 |
2,23 |
3,59 |
|
18-25 |
3,45 |
2,86 |
3,11 |
2,2 |
3,59 |
|
26-35 |
3,4 |
2,84 |
3,08 |
2,2 |
3,59 |
|
older then 36 |
3,44 |
2,85 |
3,09 |
2,2 |
3,58 |
Based on the data in the table, it can be concluded that the age of the audience does not affect their motivation when going to the stadium, identical values of factors are observed for all age groups, thus it can be concluded that - H7 is disproved.
6.Discussion
6.1 Overall
Confirming (Correia's 2001) definition of sporting events as: essentially subjective experiences that are difficult to measure and in which sportsmen and spectators alike are part of the action, it believes that spectators are a very important component, because they actually participate in the event environment, thus contributing to the `drama', according to Desbordes, Ohl and Tribou (1999).
So, based on the results of the survey shows that the vast majority of fans go to home games Zenit because of the atmosphere in the stadium. This is explained by the fact that fans at the stadium very often arrange colorful performances, and the atmosphere at the 60,000 stadium is really unforgettable, especially when the whole stadium starts singing a hymn, or the whole stadium jumps up during the celebration of a goal. Also in study (Wakefield & Sloam 1995) found that the atmosphere in the stadium is one of the most important factors for the fans. Therefore, it can be stated that the statement is confirmed in this study. In general, the main factors were social factors, 4 out of 6 social factors go at the top of the list. There are spectators who attend the sports events to socialize, be entertained, and relax from their regular working routine. All the major sporting events are mainly used and associated with a chance to socialize with friends and family members. People attend sports to feel relaxed and escape from their regular routines.
Also significant factors were the result of the match and the status of the opponent, which belong to the group of sports factors, this may indicate that in the stands there are still more of those who come to the stadium to watch the game, and not just to make a new Photo for account in Instagram. Especially the result of the match is important for men than women. At the same time, the safety of the stadium and the price of a ticket is the most significant for women; this may be due to the fact that women are more anxious about the family budget than men.
It is also necessary to note the importance of factors of the Ticket factors group. It is important to understand that, based on this study, we do not know whether the fans consider the price of tickets for the Zenit match to be high. But it can be assumed that if Zenit has a high attendance, then taking into account the factor of the ticket price, the fans consider it to be acceptable and are willing to pay that amount. It is worth noting that the cheapest ticket for an ordinary Zenit match will cost 300 rubles for a fan, this is naturally very affordable prices, compared to other alternative entertainment. For example, a movie ticket in the city center will cost no less than 400 rubles.
Very interesting results were obtained by the group Entertaining factors and Stadium facilities and location factors. In many studies (Fallahi A, Asadi H, Khabiri M. 2010; O'Reilly N, Kaplan A, Rahinel R, Nadeau J. 2010; Wakefield & Sloam 1995) these groups of factors are crucial for the fans, but this study has refuted these hypotheses. For fans in our city does not matter the infrastructure of the stadium and where it is located. However, this may indicate that the stadium is well located, and that is why fans do not care how to get to the stadium, as there are 2 operating metro stations not far from the stadium, however, however, it takes 20-25 minutes to go to them, for example in winter, it may cause discomfort, but the respondents did not mark these factors as significant. It is possible that precisely because of the availability of the metro within walking distance of the stadium, many fans noted that the availability of parking for them does not matter. It should also be noted that, in general, viewers do not care what the weather is like on the street on the day of the match, naturally, this may be due to the fact that Gazprom Arena has a movable roof and even in winter the temperature at the stadium is at least 17 degrees Celsius, therefore fans feel comfortable throughout the match, whether it is a rainstorm in summer or a frosty day in winter.
What concerns group of Entertaining factors ,then there is a complete refutation of the statements of the football club Zenith. The Fan Promenade opened in August 2017. Since then, it has become one of the most recognizable symbols of Gazprom Arena. Guests took part in the pre-game entertainment as part of the Fan Promenade. Gastronomic festivals, rap-battles, concerts of famous Petersburg musicians, street music festival, celebration of legends of the club, exhibitions, charity Marathon of Good, promotions and numerous entertainment venues from Zenit partners were organized at the Fan-Promenade for Zenit fans. However, for fans, the factor of the presence of these zones does not matter, in all groups, at all ages, and gender groups, the Entertaining factors category closes the lists. It is possible to assume that this site does not matter, as the audience prefer to come to the games just before the start of the match, because of which the Fan Promenade is ignored by the fans.
6.2 Gender and age
Speaking about the priorities of women and men, the following observations should be noted. In general, the hypothesis put forward by the author was confirmed. The factors that influence the motivation of a stadium visit are different for men and women. Thus, half of the important factors coincided, such as the atmosphere in the stadium, the opportunity to attend a large event, spending time with friends and family are common factors for men and women, but still it's more important for women to spend time with their family than for men, while for men, a stronger factor is spending time with friends. But both men and women agree on the main factor - the atmosphere in the stadium. Ticket price, the ability to diversify leisure and affordable purchase of tickets - are significant factors for women. Women are more concerned about the quality of leisure and ticket prices, these facts are confirmed in studies conducted earlier ( Dietz-Uhler B., Harrick E.A., End C.M., Jacquemotte L. 2000) However, for men, these factors do not represent value. But such factors as the result of the match and the status of the match affect the motivation of the male half of the interviewed fans. Thus, it can be said that men go to football in general because of sports interest and social factors, and the price of tickets for them matters, but not as much as for women. The preference of women for the social aspects of sport consumption supports previous research (Wann,1995). Prior studies also found that men scored higher on subscales related to status of rival, quality of the game and however, these findings were not supported by this current study. Professional sports teams utilize star power of favorite players to market their teams and attract fans, but the findings from this and other studies (Funk et al., 2002;) indicate that going to games to watch a specific player has not been rated a major interest factor for most fans. It is also worth noting that the average age of women attending Zenit games is higher than that of Men, while men often go to the stadium and are generally active fans, while female respondents cannot identify themselves as active fans. This fact can be explained by the fact that a man is often a fan in the family, but since he wants to spend time with his soulmate or with his family at his leisure, but wants to cheer on his favorite team, a man (an active fan) comes to the stadium (not an active fan).It has found that, with regard to football, differences are sometimes very significant, thus implying that specific marketing strategies towards women, might prove highly beneficial.
The results showed that in general, the motives of the fans when going to the stadium are not different for all age categories. The average values ??for all categories are almost identical, which may indicate that the age of the fan does not affect in any way when making a decision about going to football. The result of this test is contrary to studies that also compare the values ??of the factors for each age group. For example, in a study (A. Correia and S. Esteves 2007) it was found that factors for different age groups are very different. However, you can notice the tendency that the older the fan, the more it means for fan the safety factor at the stadium. This can be attributed to the fact that adults take the security of themselves and their families more seriously than younger people, based on life experience, mentality and views on life.
6.3 Limitations
It is fully aware of study's limitations. The data were collected only by the online survey survey and it is likely that the data may be erroneous. It was also not taken into account whether the respondent is the owner of the season ticket, as in this case, it does not matter for the person who owns the season ticket of group of Ticket factors. It was also not taken into account whether the respondent liked the match or not, also for more detailed research, it was possible to find out how many times the respondent went to football last year, or whether the respondent went to Zenit matches before building a new stadium. So it would be possible to add a new variable “New Stadium factor” and look if this factor would matter to the respondents.. More research is needed into the findings of this exploratory paper.
7. Conclusion
This is the final part of the final qualifying work, which will summarize the work done in the course of the study.
As noted earlier, there are a lot of football fans in Russia, every third is a football fan. However, the quality of our championship teams, weather conditions, conditions at the stadiums do not contribute to attracting a large number of people to the stadiums. In 2018, the FIFA World Championship was held in Russia, for which new modern stadiums were built to replace the old ones. But even this factor could not especially increase the attendance of the matches of the Russian Championship. Perhaps it takes time for managers to understand how to attract spectators to the stadium, because now many Russian Premier League clubs have state-of-the-art stadiums, it only remains to understand how to manage such benefits in order to get the maximum benefit for themselves. and to make the fan happy.
Against the background of all attendance problems with Russian football, Zenit Football Club stands out. His attendance beats all records. St. Petersburgers, by a large margin, became the most visited team of the Russian Premier League, both in terms of the absolute number of fans and in the average attendance of home matches - 48,244 spectators. This is a new record for the Russian Premier League.
According to this indicator, Zenit is ahead of all European football championships. The average attendance in the German Bundesliga was 43148 fans, in the Premier League - 37934, in the Spanish La Liga - 26243, in the Italian Serie A - 23090, in the French League 1 - 22713.
Based on these data, this topic is relevant and of practical importance for other clubs of the Premier League.
After analyzing the studies that were conducted on similar topics that were associated with the motivation of fans during the march to sports events and in particular to football matches, the main variables that will be investigated in this work were identified. Then these factors were divided into 5 categories: Social, Sports, Stadium facilities and location, Entertaining and Ticket factors. Then 7 hypotheses were put forward related to the influence of each group of factors on the motivation of the fans. It was decided to conduct a survey in order to study the public opinion on what factors influence the fans when deciding to go to Zenit's home games, which are held at Gazprom Arena. The only condition for the survey was a mandatory trip to at least one Zenit home match at the new stadium.
After the survey, the data were analyzed. Based on the results, we can say that the main factors that influence the visit can be attributed to social factors. There are spectators who attend the sports events to socialize, be entertained, and relax from their regular working routine. All the major sporting events are mainly used and associated with a chance to socialize with friends and family members. People attend sports to feel relaxed and escape from their regular routines.
Also Ticket price factors are important for fans. The convenience of purchasing a ticket by means of online purchasing cannot be overestimated, since there is no need to travel to the ticket office, stand in line, waste your time. But also an important factor is the price of the ticket. The minimum price for a Zenit home match is 300 rubles, compared to other leisure options, going to a football match in St. Petersburg is almost the most cost-effective of all. Here it can say that Zenit is very loyal to setting prices, which is why fans are so active in football. And this strategy is quite understandable, how else possible to lure fans to the stadium, if not with cheap tickets, and in this regard, the work of the management of the Zenit football club can be appreciated very highly. Compared with other football clubs, where the minimum price for a ticket varies from 500 to 800 rubles.
The remaining groups of factors do not affect the motivation of the fans when going to the stadium. It would especially like to note that the Fan Promenade, infused by the marketing department, is of the least interest to the fans. Based on this, it can be assumed that either abandon this program or improve it by finding out the opinion of the fans that they would be interested to see at the stadium as an entertainment program.
These results will be valuable to event managers because these significant predictors of attendance presented in this model are amenable to management manipulation and control.
Future research is warranted in the area of attendance in Russian Premier League. the following is a list of suggestions for additional research on this subject matter:
1. Future research my focus on additional motivation factors than those investigated in this study
2. Further research across a variety of different regions will likely result in further refinements of the scales and increase the validity of the motivating factors on game attendance.
3. Administration of surveys at varying events could offer deeper analysis, which would provide valuable attendance and promotional information to the team executives.
4. Larger and more divers sample size would offer more valid conclusions.
5. A following research study or project should be conducted to evaluate the attitudes of the sports spectators after the new marketing strategies are implemented to increase attendance at the football matches. The results of the follow-up study can be compared to prior results to analyze the success of the new marketing tactic
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APPENDICES
APPENDIX 1
Statistic about answers of respondents
Descriptive Statistics |
|||||
N |
Minimum |
Maximum |
Mean |
||
atmosphere |
471 |
1 |
5 |
4,27 |
|
friends |
471 |
1 |
5 |
3,90 |
|
Big_event |
471 |
1 |
5 |
3,82 |
|
safety_on_stadium |
471 |
1 |
5 |
3,75 |
|
family |
471 |
1 |
5 |
3,71 |
|
result |
471 |
1 |
5 |
3,60 |
|
UCL_OR_RFPL |
471 |
1 |
5 |
3,59 |
|
ticket_buying |
471 |
1 |
5 |
3,56 |
|
leisure |
471 |
1 |
5 |
3,43 |
|
quaity_of_play |
471 |
1 |
5 |
3,41 |
|
price |
471 |
1 |
5 |
3,32 |
|
parking |
471 |
1 |
5 |
3,32 |
|
status_rival |
471 |
1 |
5 |
3,29 |
|
link_minded_people |
471 |
1 |
5 |
3,21 |
|
principal_rival |
471 |
1 |
5 |
3,09 |
|
remotness_of_public_transport |
471 |
1 |
5 |
2,92 |
|
Weather |
471 |
1 |
5 |
2,87 |
|
tradition |
471 |
1 |
5 |
2,82 |
|
superstar |
471 |
1 |
5 |
2,69 |
|
food |
471 |
1 |
5 |
2,65 |
|
game_analysis |
471 |
1 |
5 |
2,61 |
|
stadion_location |
471 |
1 |
5 |
2,59 |
|
interactive_before |
471 |
1 |
5 |
2,43 |
|
favourite_player |
471 |
1 |
5 |
2,41 |
|
parking |
471 |
1 |
5 |
2,31 |
|
FANPROMENAD |
471 |
1 |
5 |
2,27 |
|
Free_gifts |
471 |
1 |
5 |
1,95 |
APPENDIX 2
Statistic about whole answers of respondents
SEX |
||||
Frequency |
Percent |
|||
MEN |
276 |
58,6 |
||
WOMEN |
195 |
41,4 |
||
Total |
471 |
100,0 |
AGE |
||||
Frequency |
Percent |
|||
<17 |
45 |
9,6 |
||
18-25 |
249 |
52,9 |
||
26-35 |
84 |
17,8 |
||
36> |
93 |
19,7 |
||
Total |
471 |
100,0 |
Active Fan |
||||
Frequency |
Percent |
|||
1 |
99 |
21,0 |
||
2 |
66 |
14,0 |
||
3 |
93 |
19,7 |
||
4 |
99 |
21,0 |
||
5 |
114 |
24,2 |
||
Total |
471 |
100,0 |
ATTENDENCE FREQUENCY |
||||
Frequency |
Percent |
|||
1 |
183 |
38,9 |
||
2 |
87 |
18,5 |
||
3 |
129 |
27,4 |
||
4 |
33 |
7,0 |
||
5 |
39 |
8,3 |
||
Total |
471 |
100,0 |
APPENDIX 3
Statistic about men respondents
Descriptive Statistics |
|||||
N |
Minimum |
Maximum |
Mean |
||
atmosphere |
276 |
1 |
5 |
4,23 |
|
friends |
276 |
1 |
5 |
3,88 |
|
UCL_OR_RFPL |
276 |
1 |
5 |
3,77 |
|
Big_event |
276 |
1 |
5 |
3,74 |
|
result |
276 |
1 |
5 |
3,68 |
|
family |
276 |
1 |
5 |
3,57 |
|
quaity_of_play |
276 |
1 |
5 |
3,48 |
|
ticket_buying |
276 |
1 |
5 |
3,46 |
|
safety_on_stadium |
276 |
1 |
5 |
3,43 |
|
status |
276 |
1 |
5 |
3,39 |
|
status_rival |
276 |
1 |
5 |
3,34 |
|
principal_rival |
276 |
1 |
5 |
3,32 |
|
link_minded_people |
276 |
1 |
5 |
3,30 |
|
leisure |
276 |
1 |
5 |
3,27 |
|
price |
276 |
1 |
5 |
3,05 |
|
game_analysis |
276 |
1 |
5 |
2,82 |
|
remotness_of_public_transport |
276 |
1 |
5 |
2,78 |
|
tradition |
276 |
1 |
5 |
2,78 |
|
Weather |
276 |
1 |
5 |
2,67 |
|
food |
276 |
1 |
5 |
2,63 |
|
stadium_location |
276 |
1 |
5 |
2,63 |
|
superstar |
276 |
1 |
5 |
2,60 |
|
favourite_player |
276 |
1 |
5 |
2,45 |
|
interactive_before |
276 |
1 |
5 |
2,38 |
|
parking |
276 |
1 |
5 |
2,24 |
|
FANPROMENAD |
276 |
1 |
5 |
2,21 |
|
Free_gifts |
276 |
1 |
5 |
1,77 |
APPENDIX 4
Statistic about men-respondents
AGE |
||||
Frequency |
Percent |
|||
<17 |
42 |
15,2 |
||
18-25 |
135 |
48,9 |
||
26-35 |
45 |
16,3 |
||
36> |
54 |
19,6 |
||
Total |
276 |
100,0 |
ACTIVE FAN |
||||
Frequency |
Percent |
|||
1 |
33 |
12,0 |
||
2 |
33 |
12,0 |
||
3 |
63 |
22,8 |
||
4 |
66 |
23,9 |
||
5 |
81 |
29,3 |
||
Total |
276 |
100,0 |
ATTENDENCE FREQUENCY |
||||
Frequency |
Percent |
|||
1 |
87 |
31,5 |
||
2 |
60 |
21,7 |
||
3 |
87 |
31,5 |
||
4 |
15 |
5,4 |
||
5 |
27 |
9,8 |
||
Total |
276 |
100,0 |
APPENDIX 5
Statistic about women-respondents
Descriptive Statistics |
|||||
N |
Minimum |
Maximum |
Mean |
||
atmosphere |
195 |
1 |
5 |
4,34 |
|
safety_on_stadium |
195 |
1 |
5 |
4,20 |
|
Big_event |
195 |
1 |
5 |
3,92 |
|
family |
195 |
1 |
5 |
3,92 |
|
friends |
195 |
1 |
5 |
3,92 |
|
price |
195 |
1 |
5 |
3,71 |
|
ticket_buying |
195 |
1 |
5 |
3,71 |
|
leisure |
195 |
1 |
5 |
3,66 |
|
result |
195 |
1 |
5 |
3,48 |
|
UCL_OR_RFPL |
195 |
1 |
5 |
3,34 |
|
quaity_of_play |
195 |
1 |
5 |
3,31 |
|
status_rival |
195 |
1 |
5 |
3,23 |
|
status |
195 |
1 |
5 |
3,22 |
|
Weather |
195 |
1 |
5 |
3,15 |
|
remotness_of_public_transport |
195 |
1 |
5 |
3,12 |
|
link_minded_people |
195 |
1 |
5 |
3,08 |
|
tradition |
195 |
1 |
5 |
2,88 |
|
superstar |
195 |
1 |
5 |
2,82 |
|
principal_rival |
195 |
1 |
5 |
2,77 |
|
food |
195 |
1 |
5 |
2,68 |
|
stadium_location |
195 |
1 |
5 |
2,52 |
|
interactive_before |
195 |
1 |
5 |
2,51 |
|
parking |
195 |
1 |
5 |
2,40 |
|
favourite_player |
195 |
1 |
5 |
2,37 |
|
FANPROMENAD |
195 |
1 |
5 |
2,35 |
|
game_analysis |
195 |
1 |
5 |
2,31 |
|
Free_gifts |
195 |
1 |
5 |
2,20 |
APPENDIX 6
Statistic about women-respondents
AGE |
||||
Frequency |
Percent |
|||
<17 |
3 |
1,5 |
||
18-25 |
114 |
58,5 |
||
26-35 |
39 |
20,0 |
||
36> |
39 |
20,0 |
||
Total |
195 |
100,0 |
ACTIVE FAN |
||||
Frequency |
Percent |
|||
1 |
66 |
33,8 |
||
2 |
33 |
16,9 |
||
3 |
30 |
15,4 |
||
4 |
33 |
16,9 |
||
5 |
33 |
16,9 |
||
Total |
195 |
100,0 |
ATTENDENCE FREQUENCY |
||||
Frequency |
Percent |
|||
1 |
96 |
49,2 |
||
2 |
27 |
13,8 |
||
3 |
42 |
21,5 |
||
4 |
18 |
9,2 |
||
5 |
12 |
6,2 |
||
Total |
195 |
100,0 |
APPENDIX 7
Statistic about Under 17 years old respondents
Descriptive Statistics |
|||||
N |
Minimum |
Maximum |
Mean |
||
price |
45 |
2 |
5 |
3,67 |
|
ticket_buying |
45 |
1 |
5 |
3,47 |
|
stadium_location |
45 |
1 |
5 |
2,40 |
|
parking |
45 |
1 |
5 |
1,67 |
|
safety_on_stadium |
45 |
1 |
5 |
3,87 |
|
remotness_of_public_transport |
45 |
1 |
5 |
2,60 |
|
Weather |
45 |
1 |
5 |
2,87 |
|
food |
45 |
1 |
5 |
2,93 |
|
game_analysis |
46 |
1 |
5 |
2,87 |
|
favourite_player |
45 |
1 |
4 |
2,27 |
|
superstar |
45 |
1 |
5 |
2,20 |
|
status |
45 |
1 |
5 |
3,27 |
|
result |
45 |
1 |
5 |
3,20 |
|
UCL_OR_RFPL |
45 |
1 |
5 |
3,60 |
|
status_rival |
45 |
1 |
5 |
3,47 |
|
quaity_of_play |
45 |
3 |
5 |
4,00 |
|
principal_rival |
45 |
1 |
5 |
3,40 |
|
FANPROMENAD |
46 |
1 |
5 |
2,20 |
|
Free_gifts |
45 |
1 |
4 |
1,73 |
|
interactive_before |
45 |
1 |
5 |
2,73 |
|
Big_event |
46 |
3 |
5 |
4,19 |
|
friends |
45 |
2 |
5 |
4,13 |
|
family |
45 |
1 |
5 |
3,73 |
|
link_minded_people |
45 |
2 |
5 |
3,93 |
|
leisure |
45 |
1 |
5 |
3,40 |
|
atmosphere |
45 |
3 |
5 |
4,40 |
|
tradition |
45 |
1 |
5 |
3,07 |
APPENDIX 8
Statistic about Under 17 years old respondents
ACTIVE FAN |
||||
FREQUENCY |
PERCENT |
|||
2 |
12 |
26,1 |
||
3 |
6 |
13,0 |
||
4 |
18 |
39,1 |
||
5 |
9 |
19,6 |
||
TOTAL |
46 |
100,0 |
SEX |
||||
FREQUENCY |
PERCENT |
|||
MEN |
42 |
91,3 |
||
WOMEN |
3 |
6,5 |
||
TOTAL |
46 |
100,0 |
ATTENDENCE FREQUENCY |
||||
FREQUENCY |
PERCENT |
|||
1 |
12 |
26,1 |
||
2 |
12 |
26,1 |
||
3 |
15 |
32,6 |
||
4 |
3 |
6,5 |
||
5 |
3 |
6,5 |
||
TOTAL |
46 |
100,0 |
APPENDIX 9
Statistic about 18-25 years old respondents.
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS |
|||||
N |
MINIMUM |
MAXIMUM |
MEAN |
||
ATMOSPHERE |
249 |
1 |
5 |
4,36 |
|
FRIENDS |
249 |
1 |
5 |
4,11 |
|
BIG_EVENT |
249 |
1 |
5 |
3,90 |
|
LEISURE |
249 |
1 |
5 |
3,66 |
|
RESULT |
249 |
1 |
5 |
3,65 |
|
FAMILY |
249 |
1 |
5 |
3,57 |
|
SAFETY_ON_STADIUM |
249 |
1 |
5 |
3,55 |
|
TICKET_BUYING |
249 |
1 |
5 |
3,54 |
|
UCL_OR_RFPL |
249 |
1 |
5 |
3,53 |
|
PRICE |
249 |
1 |
5 |
3,37 |
|
STATUS |
249 |
1 |
5 |
3,34 |
|
QUAITY_OF_PLAY |
249 |
1 |
5 |
3,30 |
|
STATUS_RIVAL |
249 |
1 |
5 |
3,24 |
|
LINK_MINDED_PEOPLE |
249 |
1 |
5 |
3,02 |
|
PRINCIPAL_RIVAL |
249 |
1 |
5 |
2,99 |
|
REMOTNESS_OF_PUBLIC_TRANSPORT |
249 |
1 |
5 |
2,93 |
|
WEATHER |
249 |
1 |
5 |
2,88 |
|
TRADITION |
249 |
1 |
5 |
2,80 |
|
SUPERSTAR |
249 |
1 |
5 |
2,76 |
|
INTERACTIVE_BEFORE |
249 |
1 |
5 |
2,54 |
|
STADIUM_LOCATION |
249 |
1 |
5 |
2,49 |
|
FOOD |
249 |
1 |
5 |
2,48 |
|
FAVOURITE_PLAYER |
249 |
1 |
5 |
2,46 |
|
GAME_ANALYSIS |
249 |
1 |
5 |
2,45 |
|
FANPROMENAD |
249 |
1 |
5 |
2,29 |
|
PARKING |
249 |
1 |
5 |
2,11 |
|
FREE_GIFTS |
249 |
1 |
5 |
1,96 |
APPENDIX 10
Statistic about 18-25 years old respondents.
SEX |
||||
Frequency |
Percent |
|||
Men |
135 |
54,0 |
||
Women |
114 |
45,6 |
||
Total |
250 |
100,0 |
ATTENDENCE FREQUENCY |
||||
Frequency |
Percent |
|||
1 |
123 |
49,2 |
||
2 |
39 |
15,6 |
||
3 |
51 |
20,4 |
||
4 |
18 |
7,2 |
||
5 |
18 |
7,2 |
||
Total |
250 |
100,0 |
ACTIVE FAN |
||||
Frequency |
Percent |
|||
1 |
69 |
27,6 |
||
2 |
39 |
15,6 |
||
3 |
45 |
18,0 |
||
4 |
42 |
16,8 |
||
5 |
54 |
21,6 |
||
Total |
250 |
100,0 |
APPENDIX 11
Statistic about 25-35 years old respondents.
Descriptive Statistics |
|||||
N |
Minimum |
Maximum |
Mean |
||
atmosphere |
84 |
1 |
5 |
4,43 |
|
safety_on_stadium |
84 |
1 |
5 |
4,07 |
|
family |
84 |
1 |
5 |
4,04 |
|
result |
84 |
1 |
5 |
4,04 |
|
Big_event |
84 |
1 |
5 |
3,96 |
|
UCL_OR_RFPL |
84 |
1 |
5 |
3,89 |
|
ticket_buying |
84 |
1 |
5 |
3,82 |
|
friends |
84 |
1 |
5 |
3,71 |
|
status_rival |
84 |
1 |
5 |
3,64 |
|
quaity_of_play |
84 |
1 |
5 |
3,61 |
|
link_minded_people |
84 |
1 |
5 |
3,50 |
|
leisure |
84 |
1 |
5 |
3,50 |
|
status |
84 |
1 |
5 |
3,43 |
|
principal_rival |
84 |
1 |
5 |
3,39 |
|
price |
84 |
1 |
5 |
3,21 |
|
tradition |
84 |
1 |
5 |
3,14 |
|
game_analysis |
84 |
1 |
5 |
3,07 |
|
superstar |
84 |
1 |
5 |
3,04 |
|
favourite_player |
84 |
1 |
5 |
3,00 |
|
remotness_of_public_transport |
84 |
1 |
5 |
2,96 |
|
parking |
84 |
1 |
5 |
2,96 |
|
stadium_location |
84 |
1 |
5 |
2,89 |
|
food |
84 |
1 |
5 |
2,89 |
|
Weather |
84 |
1 |
5 |
2,71 |
|
interactive_before |
84 |
1 |
5 |
2,46 |
|
FANPROMENAD |
84 |
1 |
5 |
2,29 |
|
Free_gifts |
84 |
1 |
5 |
2,04 |
APPENDIX 12
Statistic about 25-35 years old respondents.
SEX |
||||
Frequency |
Percent |
|||
Men |
45 |
52,9 |
||
Women |
39 |
45,9 |
||
Total |
85 |
100,0 |
ACTIVE FAN |
||||
Frequency |
Percent |
|||
1 |
21 |
24,7 |
||
2 |
6 |
7,1 |
||
3 |
15 |
17,6 |
||
4 |
15 |
17,6 |
||
5 |
27 |
31,8 |
||
Total |
85 |
100,0 |
ATTENDENCE FREQUENCY |
||||
Frequency |
Percent |
|||
1 |
27 |
31,8 |
||
2 |
12 |
14,1 |
||
3 |
30 |
35,3 |
||
4 |
6 |
7,1 |
||
5 |
9 |
10,6 |
||
Total |
85 |
100,0 |
APPENDIX 13
Statistic about older than 36 years old respondents
Descriptive Statistics |
|||||
N |
Minimum |
Maximum |
Mean |
||
safety_on_stadium |
93 |
1 |
5 |
3,94 |
|
atmosphere |
93 |
1 |
5 |
3,84 |
|
family |
93 |
1 |
5 |
3,81 |
|
UCL_OR_RFPL |
93 |
1 |
5 |
3,48 |
|
ticket_buying |
93 |
1 |
5 |
3,42 |
|
friends |
93 |
1 |
5 |
3,39 |
|
Big_event |
93 |
1 |
5 |
3,26 |
|
result |
93 |
1 |
5 |
3,26 |
|
quaity_of_play |
93 |
1 |
5 |
3,23 |
|
status |
93 |
1 |
5 |
3,19 |
|
price |
93 |
1 |
5 |
3,13 |
|
link_minded_people |
93 |
1 |
5 |
3,10 |
|
status_rival |
93 |
1 |
5 |
3,03 |
|
remotness_of_public_transport |
93 |
1 |
5 |
3,03 |
|
Weather |
93 |
1 |
5 |
3,00 |
|
principal_rival |
93 |
1 |
5 |
2,94 |
|
leisure |
93 |
1 |
5 |
2,77 |
|
food |
93 |
1 |
5 |
2,74 |
|
stadium_location |
93 |
1 |
5 |
2,65 |
|
parking |
93 |
1 |
5 |
2,55 |
|
tradition |
93 |
1 |
5 |
2,48 |
|
game_analysis |
93 |
1 |
5 |
2,48 |
|
superstar |
93 |
1 |
5 |
2,42 |
|
FANPROMENAD |
93 |
1 |
5 |
2,23 |
|
interactive_before |
93 |
1 |
5 |
1,97 |
|
Free_gifts |
93 |
1 |
5 |
1,94 |
|
favourite_player |
93 |
1 |
4 |
1,84 |
APPENDIX 14
Statistic about older than 36 years old respondents
SEX |
||||
Frequency |
Percent |
|||
Men |
54 |
58,1 |
||
Women |
39 |
41,9 |
||
Total |
93 |
100,0 |
ACTIVE FAN |
||||
Frequency |
Percent |
|||
1 |
9 |
9,7 |
||
2 |
9 |
9,7 |
||
3 |
27 |
29,0 |
||
4 |
24 |
25,8 |
||
5 |
24 |
25,8 |
||
Total |
93 |
100,0 |
ATTENDENCE FREQUENCY |
||||
Frequency |
Percent |
|||
1 |
21 |
22,6 |
||
2 |
24 |
25,8 |
||
3 |
33 |
35,5 |
||
4 |
6 |
6,5 |
||
5 |
9 |
9,7 |
||
Total |
93 |
100,0 |
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