Urban accessibility in Moscow: new technologies to improve the city (experience of people with reduced mobility)
Impact of actions and policies in the USSR on the social reputation of people with disabilities and the challenge of segregation within society. The importance of urban accessibility for PRM. Mobile mapping application prototype based on PRM needs.
Рубрика | Социология и обществознание |
Вид | дипломная работа |
Язык | английский |
Дата добавления | 18.09.2020 |
Размер файла | 4,2 M |
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Interviews helped to establish a specification for the prototype. Participants who use baby carriages agreed that accessibility map, along with accessible routes, should provide information about children-friendly public spaces and places where parents can use baby carriages. Participants #3, #4 and #12 mentioned that mobile application should provide information about parking and accessible toilets. It was decided to indicate two types of streets and places: accessible and not accessible (Table 2). An accessible element is a place which met all minimum accessibility requirement for a wheelchair user; for the not accessible place, the description should be provided as PRM have different body conditions, and not accessible route for one group can be accessible to another group. As were mentioned by participants, information can help to prepare emotionally for barriers. During the interview, it also was decided to have a rating and comment section for public spaces; as were discussed before, friendliness from the staff can reduce the effect of the physical barrier. Business owners showed their willingness to create accessible routes from the public transportation stop to their space and share it in the mobile application.
Figure 9. Accessibility map of the Timiryazevskiy district.
As a result of urban analysis, the accessibility map of the Timiryazevskiy district was developed (Figure 9). Pavement has potholes and cracked paving; the potential reason for the low- quality road can be in the material. The problem of high thresholds is common for the Timiryazevskiy district. Based on online urban research, the needs of PRM have been ignored in the design of space in the Timiryazevskiy district; however, the district has accessible routes and places. Results of urban analysis going to be used in the prototype as the accessibility map.
To conclude, not all categories from the interview analysis were possible to reflect in the prototype; however, categories such as right to the information, accessible toilets, activities in the city, physical barriers, public transportation, transport barriers and building accessibility were used as a carcase of the first development. Overall, PRM have the wiliness to explore the city and be part of social life: "Our needs are no different from the needs of other people. Imagine you cannot go somewhere just because you cannot change it in yourself.”, "I like to see new places, walk around.
I do not like to sit at home or constantly visit one place.” Urban accessibility is perceived as a right which should not be taken away. According to the study, the first step of providing information about accessibility can help PRM feel welcome in the urban environment.
Chapter 3. Project Proposal
3.1 Concept of the prototype
The results of the interview analysis (Table 3) identified the barriers for PRM in the urban environment: physical, attitude, social, transport, programmatic, regulation and negligence barriers. The problems, which were discussed commonly, are lack of information about urban accessibility, stereotypes and stigma around different PRM groups and independence in the city. Therefore, ABLE should address the existing problems. ABLE is a mobile map application, which aims to provide information about urban accessibility considering the needs of PRM. The main feature of the application is information about physical barriers in streets and accessibility of public spaces, semi-public spaces and essential services. As was discussed in section 2.1, the problem of accessibility can be explored through the Pathetic Dot Theory: any phenomena are regulated by four forces, such as law, social norms, market and architecture. Architectural force can be presented in a shape of technology, for example, mobile application. Potentially, by pushing on one force, in case of the current study architectural force, the social problem can appear. A social problem was defined by Blumer (1971, p. 301) as: are not the result of an intrinsic malfunctioning of a society, but are a result of a process of definition in which a given condition is picked out and identified as a social problem. A social problem does not exist for society unless it is recognized by that society to exist.” Hence, if ABLE will provide needed information for PRM and by that will increase the interaction of PRM with the city, this can push other forces by recognising the social problem of urban accessibility.
Another aspect of ABLE potential is to become a connection point between PRM and local authorities, as mobile application aims to collect reviews about city accessibility. The collected and analysed data can help decision-makers to get understanding of PRM needs.
3.2 Specifications for prototype ABLE
The gathered data from the research study created a foundation for the high-fidelity prototype of the mobile application. It is important to mention that in current research, ABLE is presented as horizontal prototypes, as it is more about interface level rather than technical parts. The final result can be seen as an evolutionary prototype because at the start it has minimal functionality (Specification 1,2,3,4,5); however, further development can bring new functions (Specification 6).
The prototype ABLE is based on the results of in-depth interviews with PRM. During the interviews, participants shared their urban experience and discussed which information can help to navigate in the city. Some participants tested the first mock-up of the ABLE in Figma and shared
their suggestions on how to improve it further. The urban analysis of the Timiryazevskiy district will be used to create an accessibility map for the prototype. Specifications below illustrate the main features of ABLE considering the needs of PRM and prototype capabilities.
Specification 1: functionality of register user.
Users can register in ABLE by using the email address and nickname. (S1.1)
Nickname will be visible to other users. (S1.2)
The registered users has a profile where she/he can upload a photo, add the link to personal social media or share some information. (S1.3)
Registered users can comment and review places and routes according to personal experience. (S1.4)
Registered users can use the rating system to provide a mark to route and places. (S1.5)
Registered users can report mistakes in the application and provide feedback by using form inside the application. (S1.6)
Registered users can create personal routes and share them with the public. The custom route can be provided in the shape of a CSV file. (S1.7)
If the user does not want to provide personal information, she/he can use the accessibility map; however, the function of rating, comment and create routes will be not available. (S1.8)
Specification 2: Block of suggestions.
The section "What is near you” provides information about important spaces such as accessible toilets, parking, pharmacy, places with baby changing tables and others. (S2.1)
The section "What is near you” also providing suggestions about where to go in the Timiryazevskiy district. (S2.2)
The custom routes are available at "Routes by users” section. (S2.3)
Specification 3: interaction with streets and routes information.
Routes are built based on information which user provided: the final destination, the start point or current location. (S3.1)
If the user start point is outside of the Timiryazevskiy district, the start point automatically will become the closest transportation point to a final destination inside the district. (S3.2)
Users will be able to choose any start point inside the district boundary. (S3.3)
Route builds upon the information about streets; therefore, it can be a mixture of red and green parts. (S3.4)
Red part means that the street does not meet the minimal requirement of street accessibility (Table 2). (S3.5)
Green part means that the street is accessible. (S3.6)
Users have an opportunity to check the information about the physical barriers of red streets. (S3.7)
Users can leave comments, rank or report mistakes about the street and route. (S3.8)
If the information available, the map can suggest a different route for the final destination (S3.9).
Specification 4: interaction with POI information.
POI is any essential services, public and semi-public places; it can be red or green. (S4.1)
Green POI means that place is accessible. (S4.2)
Red POI means that the place does not meet the minimal requirement of space accessibility (Table 2). (S4.3)
Users have an opportunity to check the information about the physical barriers of red POI. (S4.4)
Users can choose an option to show children-friendly POI on the map. Both accessible and not accessible POI can be in a children-friendly category. (S4.5)
Users can leave comments, rank or report mistakes about POI. (S4.6)
Specification 5: interaction with transportation information.
Transportation information is data about public transport in the district, accessibility of transportation stops and availability of parking in the area. (S5.1)
Public transportation is not judged according to accessibility information and only illustrates the options. (S5.2)
Transportation stops can be red or green. (S5.3)
Green transportation stops means that place is accessible. (S5.4)
Red transportation stop means that the place does not meet the minimal requirement of space accessibility (Table 2). (S5.5)
Information about parking illustrates the availability of parking spots. (S5.6)
Wireframe and mock-up of ABLE
Based on the specifications, a wireframe of the prototype was developed, then the final mock- up was designed in Figma. Figure 10-a and 10-b illustrate the first screen and interaction of the user with the registration option (S1.1; S1.2; S1.3). After registration the user is not able to edit the user name; however, other parameters can be changed. The registered user has an opportunity to upload the personal routes in CSV shapefile and share it with other users, as shown in Figure 10-c (S1.7). segregation urban mobile application
Figure 10. (a) Wireframe of the user registration process. (b) Mock-up of the registration process and example how the user will see their personal profile. (c) The process of uploading route and example of the result.
Figure 11 illustrates the interaction of the user with a block of suggestions. The user has an opportunity to search for a needed place by using the search bar at the top or can explore the suggestions such as essential and popular places near the user, and routes by other users (S2.1; S2.2: S2; 3). The user has an opportunity to share a personal opinion about route or space by providing review (Figure 11-b); alternatively, the user can report a mistake as shown on Figure 12 (S1.4; S1.5; S1.6; S3.8; S4.6).
Figure 11. (a) Wireframe of user interaction with application features: important spaces, chose of the application, routes created by other users, information about places. (b) The mock-up of “What's neat you” section and an example of the review section.
Figure 12. (a) Wireframe of user interaction with the review section and reporting mistakes. (b) Example from mock-up how the user can report a mistake about POI information.
As were shown in Figure 12, each POI has an information section which shows the rating of place, review from users, address, web page or phone number if applicable. POI also can be red or green: red indicates that place has a physical barrier, and green indicates that place is accessible (S4.2; S4.3) (Figure 13-b). Users have an opportunity to check the information about the physical barriers (S4.4). After POI is chosen, the application automatically shows different routes so that the user can have a choice (S3.9). Routes can have red sectors as well, which means that it has physical barriers (S3.4; S3.5; S3.6), the information about it also can be found in the mobile application (Figure 13-c).
Figure 13. (a) Wireframe of user interaction with routes. (b) Wireframe of user interaction with the red location. (c) Mock-up of user interaction with red routes and process of reporting mistakes. (d) Mock-up of user interaction with green routes.
Some routes can include the usage of public transport or private transport (Figure 14). Public transportation method (metro, bus, tram, trolleybus, train) are not judged according to it accessibility; however, transportation stops can be red or green: red means that transportation stop does not meet the minimal requirement of space accessibility, green indicates that stop is accessible (S5.2; S5.3; S5.4; S5.5). In case of usage of private transport, the application will indicate the parking close to the final destination (S5.6).
Figure 14. Wireframe of user interaction with public transportation.
Design of logotype
The process of logotype development is presented in Figure 15. The final version of the prototype logo is given in Figure 16. The colour pattern was chosen with reference to colours of International Day of Persons with Disabilities, which is celebrated every year on the third of
December. The idea of such a colour pattern is to reflect an understanding that the urban environment should be accessible for everyone. The current study focuses only on a group of people with reduced mobility; however, further research is needed to build a knowledge base to understand the needs of other groups and potentially to improve ABLE.
Figure 15. The process of logotype development for mobile application ABLE. The first idea was a simple blue colour which associates with wheelchair users and a capital letter A (icon 1). However, after consultation with interview participants, was decided to work on colours and symbol. The symbol at icon 7 was chosen as the prior option--the colours pattern of logotype chosen regarding official colours of
International Day of Persons with Disabilities.
Figure 16. The final version of logotype for the ABLE prototype. The goal was to make a visually pleasant and meaningful logotype.
Gamification
According to Deterding et al., (2011, p.2), "gamification is the use of elements of game design in non-game contexts.” Studies about gamification in education indicate higher engagement in the learning process when elements of games are introduced (Alsawaier, 2017; Khaddage, 2014). Moreover, marketing studies claim that gamification tactics help to increase engagement for a product (Hofacker, 2016; Lucassen, 2014; Hamid, 2017).
In order to attract users, points and levels are introduced into ABLE. As illustrated in Table 5, the user has an opportunity to reach new levels by earning points. Points can be earned by doing actions in the application (Table 6); users can get points by exploring places, creating routes, providing feedback and correcting mistakes. Such actions can help to collect and update information inside the application.
Table 5. The rank of levels in ABLE.
Level |
Points |
Level name |
|
1 |
0 - 100 |
First steps |
|
2 |
101 - 500 |
Explorer |
|
3 |
501 - 1200 |
Local |
|
4 |
1201 - 3000 |
Travel guide |
|
5 |
3001 - ... |
City export |
Table 6. The system of points collection in ABLE.
Action |
Points |
|
Registration provide first bonuses for user |
30 |
|
Review of place |
10 |
|
Place ranking |
10 |
|
Add photo |
10 |
|
Report mistake |
30 |
|
Creation route |
150 |
|
Each positive review of created route also brings points to creator |
5 |
|
Add POI |
80 |
The interview with business owners showed that business would participate in such an application as this can be a way of promotion. Potentially, users can get symbolic gifts from business as a reward for achieving new levels; also, a business can organise missions for users (Figure 17).
Missions will help a business to promote the place, while the mobile application can get data and users will have an opportunity to get gifts by exploring the city.
Figure 17. The example of the mission to users from a business.
Further development
The prototype ABLE is the first step of application development; therefore, further improvements are needed. Firstly, the enhancement of the mechanism of sharing routes should be developed. Creating and sharing a CSV file requires time, and this significant application feature should be user-friendly and less time-consuming. Preferably, the mobile application should have the in-build function of producing routes, where users can plan, modify and create. For this step, the consultation with programmers and mobile application developers is needed.
Secondly, ABLE should provide features for other groups of people, who also experience urban barriers. Therefore, further studies are needed to understand needs, problems and possible solutions for people with visual, mental hearing or other disorders.
Thirdly, the design of ABLE can be improved with further development. However, the concept of ABLE can be introduced into existing mobile map services. Specification 6 discusses the possible features which can improve the mobile application.
Specification 6: elements for further development.
Expanding the map on other districts with help from users. (S6.1)
Introduce computer vision for automatic urban analysis and recognition of physical barriers and barriers created by climate. (S6.2)
The function of the route creation which is a build-in inside the application. (S6.3)
The application should provide information about special parking spots for people with disabilities. (S6.4)
Mobile application should provide a design option for users with visual disorders. (S6.5)
For further development, GPS navigation should be introduced in the application. (S6.6)
The application should automatically calculate the needed time for the route by considering PRM and other groups. (S6.7)
Consideration of seasonal barriers such as ice and show in route planning. (S6.8)
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Appendix
The topics which were discussed in in-depth interviews were varied depending on the participant. Moreover, because interviews were semi-structured, new topics also were coming up during the interview. This guide presents general topics.
Timiryazevskiy district or place of current |
Public spaces |
|
living |
Which public or semi-public spaces are |
|
A day in the district |
important? |
|
Places to visit |
Favourite places |
|
Places to avoid |
Essential services |
|
Emotions |
How to get information about accessibility? |
|
Lightening of the district |
Staff willingness to help |
|
Mental map of the district |
Friendliness |
|
Accessibility of district |
Politeness |
|
Comparison with other districts in Moscow |
Accessible toilets |
|
Neighbours |
Where you can get help? |
|
What is missing in district? Transportation |
How places improved over time? |
|
How district improved over time? |
Communication with authorities |
|
Any cases? |
||
Moscow |
Process |
|
Stories about city and central part |
How long |
|
Time management |
How is experience |
|
Transportation |
Result? |
|
Taxi |
Any changes? |
|
Importance of climate |
||
How Moscow improved over time? |
Mobile application "ABLE” |
|
Is this needed? |
||
Travelling |
Design |
|
Other countries and cities - accessible? |
Usability |
|
Comparison to Moscow to home district |
Additional functions |
|
Any analogues - how it was? What you |
||
liked about it? What were negative? What you use at the moment? |
Table present in-depth interview with Participant #3, who is wheelchair user. The table shows the raw data and coding.
RAW DATA / P3 |
INITIAL CODING |
FOCUSED |
CATEGORIES |
|
CODING |
||||
I: Thank you for taking part in the research. The aim of the interview is to get an understanding of your experience in Moscow. I know you travel a lot, so it also will be interesting. |
||||
P3: Thank you, no problem... my pleasure |
Place where P3 |
|||
lives mostly |
||||
I: Firstly, I want to ask about the |
accessible, only old |
|||
place where you living at the |
buildings have a |
|||
moment: how is the accessibility of |
lack of |
|||
essential services and public places |
accessibility. |
Not accessible |
Buildings |
|
there? |
Usually P3 visits shops on the |
old buildings |
accessibility |
|
P3: Well, it is my personal opinion, |
district. Moscow |
|||
my wife already told you hers. in |
oblast, in the |
|||
general, all social objects, if in |
opinion of P3, less |
|||
percentage, 60% is accessible. |
accessible then |
|||
Places like pharmacy, shops. especially chain shops. it is rare when it not accessible, mostly in old buildings I guess. an overall majority is accessible. at least where I live. |
Moscow city. |
|||
I: usually what you visit in your |
||||
district? |
||||
P3: Maybe shops to buy food. |
I: If compare your place with another part of Moscow, do you see any advantages or disadvantages? |
||||
P3: Closest Moscow Oblast, even Sberbank can be not accessible, sometimes office in the 5-floor building and only stairs, no ramp. |
||||
I: Right, so Moscow Oblast seems |
||||
less accessible then Moscow? |
||||
P3: Maybe yes |
||||
I: If you had a chance to change something in your current place of living, what it would be? |
||||
P3: Well, maybe in our district we |
Shopping malls, |
|||
need big shopping mall like |
like AviaPark, |
Important urban |
||
AviaPark. I think a big shopping mall |
provides an |
Importance of |
elements |
|
in plans, it supposed to have a huge |
accessible |
parking spots |
||
bus stop and shopping mall in one |
environment with |
The importance |
||
place. I do not know how accessible |
parking. |
New shopping |
of personal |
|
and comfortable it will be, but I think |
P3 drive a car and |
mall expected to |
transportation: |
|
all modern buildings are accessible, |
it is crucial to have |
be accessible |
practical and |
|
so I guess it will solve our wishes. |
the opportunity to park a car. |
Personal |
psychological |
|
I: why shopping mall? |
transport as a |
|||
forced measure |
The |
|||
P3: Usually shopping malls |
requirements |
|||
accessible, AviaPark has a lift, so we |
Personal |
for personal |
||
can go to eat after shopping. Also, I |
transportation |
transportation |
||
drive the car, people get surprised |
and stigma |
|||
that a man in a wheelchair has a car |
||||
and can use it. That's why I need |
accessible parking and shopping malls always have plenty of space. I: Right, D also told me about AviaPark. Maybe there any particular reason why are you living at a particular place? P3: It happened randomly, actually now we with the wife at parents' house, house quite big and prepared for our needs. Before I lived at Kolomenskoe. I: How is Kolomenskoe? P3: It was okay, it is closer to the |
Before P3 lived at Kolomenskoe, metro there not accessible, however, it was possible to travel |
|||
centre... metro is not really |
by bus to other |
Public |
||
accessible but new station |
accessible metro |
transportation: |
||
TechnoPark is okay, accessible and |
station. Also, bus |
the |
||
comfortable. |
routes were |
unpredictable |
Public |
|
I: Is TechnoPart only way to leave Kolomenskoe? P3: Kind of, we used the bus till it and then going where we need. I: How is bus routes and buses there? Does it have ramps? P3: Yes, it has. Routes are okay, I guess. I: Is it comfortable to use metro? |
suitable for P3. |
accessibility |
transportation |
P3: I have a car, and I prefer to not |
P3 prefer personal |
|||
use public transport but if I need, I |
transport over the |
|||
prefer ground transportation. |
public. However, |
|||
ground |
||||
I: If compare Kolomenskoe and |
transportation is |
|||
place where you live now? |
usable. |
|||
P3: Kolomenskoe is close to the |
Importance of |
|||
park, which is accessible. But here... |
Park Kolomenskoe |
Personal |
||
also park; however, it more like a |
is accessible, it has |
transport |
||
forest and it's not adapted for |
good roads and |
|||
comfortable use of people in |
accessible toilets. |
|||
wheelchair. |
||||
I: How is Kolomenskoe adapted? |
Quality of the |
Physical barrier |
||
roads |
||||
P3: Everything is accessible, they |
Accessibility of |
|||
have special toilets with ramps, it is |
Importance pf |
essential |
||
very comfortable. It is comfortable. |
accessible toilets |
services |
||
They have different areas, this area |
Toilets mostly |
|||
for children, this for adults, roads |
accessible, |
Accessible |
||
there useable, you also can walk |
however, PRM can |
toilets |
||
along the river. |
experience |
|||
difficulties due to |
||||
I: Right, the toilets are very |
steep ramps or |
|||
important. in the perfect world, how a |
thresholds. |
|||
public toilet should be done to be |
||||
comfortable for you? |
||||
P3: Well, toilets in shopping malls |
Problems of |
|||
mostly accessible. especially big. |
steep ramps |
Physical barrier |
||
they have norms, rules and other |
||||
accessible stuff. but toilets in parks |
P3 physically |
Thresholds |
||
usually standard. Its comfortable |
developed so his |
creating physical |
||
inside but too high or the ramp is |
perception of |
barrier |
||
very steep, I am strong so I can |
accessibility can be |
The segregate |
||
access it, but others cannot go there |
different from other |
role of physical |
||
without help. Also, sometimes you |
wheelchair users. |
barrier |
open the door and see tall threshold, which hard to cross on a wheelchair. I do not know why they doing it that way. Sometimes, toilets very comfortable, good ramp, no threshold and inside is good. I saw it |
Different |
|||
at Poklonnaya Hill actually. |
perception of accessibility due |
|||
I: Is threshold is a common problem |
to different body |
|||
for you? |
conditions |
|||
P3: I think it all depends on door construction; a lot of doors have it... actually now doors can be made without threshold. But it is common problem, for me, it is not hard to cross it as I have strong arms, but other wheelchair users cannot cross it without external help, need to ask for help all the time. I see threshold all the time, just I do not see it as a |
People who do not |
|||
problem personally because I can |
experience |
|||
cross it. It is the same as healthy |
reduced mobility |
|||
people do not notice stairs, |
can do not realise |
|||
especially when 2-3 stairs. I guess D |
the struggles of |
|||
told you, you ask the staff about |
PRM, as they do |
|||
stairs, they do not remember, for |
not notice small |
|||
them its normal. I remember my self, when I was able to walk, I never |
physical barriers. |
Perception of |
||
noticed it, it is normal. |
urban |
|||
environment |
||||
I: For how long you use a |
When P3 only got |
Experience of |
||
wheelchair? |
injured he |
low mobility and |
||
experience |
it impact on city |
|||
P3: This year, on 31 May will be 20 |
difficulties to enter |
perception |
||
years, I think. In 2002 I got injury; I |
shops or other |
|||
was 17 years old. I sitting in wheelchair longer then I was |
places. |
walking. So, I can compare, I remember when I just arrived at the |
P3 was not able to |
|||
hospital it was hard, no shops, no |
travel around the |
|||
pharmacy, no banks, no accessibility |
city alone. |
|||
at all. It was impossible to go |
However, Moscow |
|||
anywhere, tall thresholds, friends |
developing over |
|||
always pushed me. A lot of things |
time and it is |
|||
changed over the years. |
getting better. |
|||
I: Great that its positive change |
||||
P3: Yes, especially in Moscow... I do |
Independence |
|||
not know about other regions, but Moscow changed a lot. |
in the city |
|||
I: If compare your perception of the |
||||
city before wheelchair and after, how |
Importance of |
|||
it changed? |
independent traveling |
|||
P3: I think it changed, I guess not after but during wheelchair |
||||
I: Right, sorry, I mean during |
||||
P3: I guess if I will walk again it also will be interesting to compare. of course, it changed. At past. city |
P3 notices that city |
|||
made for healthy people at the start, |
made for "healthy |
|||
who use two legs, everything done |
people who use |
|||
for it. If somewhere ramp, it mostly |
two legs”. Ramps |
|||
for mothers with babies, or suitcases |
mostly suitable for |
|||
in hotels, for some other stuff. not special stuff for us. before I never noticed people in wheelchair. When I |
baby carriages. |
City made only |
||
was in metro and saw people in the |
for a group of |
Indirect |
||
wheelchair, I thought it is from |
people, not for |
discrimination |
||
childhood, some disease, I never thought you can just get an injury |
everyone |
from the city |
and sit in a wheelchair, I never |
Before injury P3 |
Ramps not |
Physical barrier |
|
thought about it. I never paid |
believed that |
suitable for |
||
attention to ramps or ... other stuff. |
people in |
wheelchair users |
||
For healthy and mobile people, it |
wheelchair born |
|||
is. they never faced problem. or |
with health |
"Healthy people” |
||
faced it rarely, he might think it is a |
problems, he never |
|||
minor problem. Or you have a busy |
thought that he can |
|||
life and no time to notice it. Now I |
also become a |
Stigma |
||
understand that for me every stair is |
wheelchair user. |
|||
important. Now I take it easy, at the |
Before P3 never |
Inattention |
||
start when I also get an injury I were |
were looking at |
|||
always stressed, it was hard to |
ramps or other |
Ignorance about |
||
accept yourself, that you in |
accessibility |
disabilities |
||
wheelchair... psychological, I guess. |
elements. However |
Information |
||
I needed to check in advance is |
now every step is |
|||
place is accessible, is it have toilets, |
important. |
|||
if something will happen, need to ask |
Fear because of |
|||
someone. I had fears in my head. |
lack of |
|||
Now we going anywhere, without |
information |
|||
knowing is it accessible or not, is it |
Now P3 more |
|||
have parking or toilet. If not |
relaxed in the city |
|||
accessible, I will try another place |
environment, but |
|||
then, no problem. Now we have |
before he was |
|||
more experience, also people. now |
stressed. It also |
|||
it is not as hard to ask for help. Here |
was due to the fact |
|||
more people with kind-heart that |
that he needed to |
Mental health |
||
others. |
accept himself in a |
|||
wheelchair. |
||||
I: So, with experience it easier to |
||||
navigate? |
||||
P3 had fears about |
Psychological |
|||
P3: Yes, but also Moscow becomes |
the city |
pressure |
||
more accessible. If we going to the |
environment. Now, |
|||
theatre, it is rare if place not |
due to experience, |
Acceptance of |
||
accessible, overall. I remember |
P3 feel freer and |
disability |
||
one theatre where we dance. we |
now P3 do not |
Non- |
||
used huge stuff lift, so everywhere |
afraid to ask help if |
Stress |
independence |
|
you can find a workaround. |
he needed it. |
Obviously, their old buildings cannot |
||||
be redone because of architectural |
It is rare if a place |
|||
value. |
is not accessible |
City experience |
||
for P3, theatres |
on wheelchair |
|||
I: Can ask more about public |
mostly accessible. |
|||
transport? |
||||
P3: Yes |
Problem of |
|||
I: How are stops, are they accessible |
asking for help |
|||
and comfortable? |
||||
P3: Well, look, bus stops and |
Theatres mostly |
|||
trolleybuses stops are normal, because... like new Mercedes buses so low, no need for a ramp. Sometimes I ask about ramp anyway, so the driver will not relax. |
Transport stops |
accessible |
||
still need to understand that its |
mostly accessible; |
|||
important to do it because if it will be |
drivers help with |
|||
really needed, he will know how to do it. So, it is cold during winter, but now you can check at Yandex Transport at what time the bus will |
ramps if needed. |
|||
arrive. The problem actually with |
Trams are a |
|||
trams, they usually in the middle of |
problem as stops |
|||
the road, and most of the time it not |
can have physical |
Workers of |
||
in one level with tram. or stop can be at the same level as tram, but no |
barriers. |
Public |
services |
|
ramp to reach the stop. Ones I used |
transportation |
Public |
||
tram; the ramp was so steep. The driver was a woman; it was so hard |
drivers |
transportation |
||
for her to push me into the tram. I |
Transport |
|||
think it slowly changing. but still a problem. Another problem is reaching the middle of the road, where the tram stops, or sometimes you can reach it via an underground |
barrier |
passage, it is not accessible. |
Transport stops |
|||
Sometimes the road is active and |
not always |
|||
you cannot reach stop at all. Passages are a problem. |
The passage is a problem for P3. |
accessible |
||
I: Only underground passages? |
The underground passage mostly not |
|||
P3: And underground and |
accessible, the |
|||
overground. They have lifts, but it is |
overground |
Physical barrier |
||
common that lift not working, it is |
passage has lifts |
|||
very sad. Or lift is working but you need to wait for somebody with keys, who will come and open it. Winter, you already froze. |
which not working. |
|||
I: I heard about this "key" situation; |
||||
in the metro, it works the same way |
||||
sometimes. |
||||
P3: Yes, yes |
Underground |
|||
passage |
||||
I: Actually, about seasons, how it influences your movement through |
Overground |
|||
the city in a wheelchair? |
passage |
|||
P3: In wheelchair its hard, when a lot |
It is possible to use |
|||
of snow... you just get stuck, |
a wheelchair during |
|||
difficult... also when ice over the |
winter, but it can be |
|||
road, you know, when it also bumpy, |
dangerous. P3 |
|||
if no one removes snow from the |
mentioned that if |
|||
street. I had situations when I |
no one removes |
|||
needed to go somewhere, but no |
snow near his |
|||
one removed snow near the house |
entrance he does |
|||
entrance, and I just do not go |
not go anywhere. |
Winter as an |
Influence of |
|
anywhere. Also, common situation, I |
additional |
climate on |
||
come home late after training, at 12, |
obstacle |
urban |
||
no one on the street, and I just stuck |
accessibility |
|||
in snow. I waited for 20 min and |
were thinking that probably need to |
Also, P3 had a |
|||
survive till morning, and then man |
situation when the |
|||
come, I asked and he helped, he |
ramp was covered |
|||
pushed me till home, so.... Also, I |
in ice, and he falls |
|||
had a situation, I were going very |
down. People |
|||
early somewhere, at 6 am I think, |
usually help in |
|||
and I have ramp there, steep |
these situations. |
|||
enough. I thought to slide on |
||||
balance, you know on rear wheels, |
Regulation |
|||
so. it was slippery, there was snow |
Ice as a |
barrier |
||
and under snow is ice. I did not saw |
dangerous |
|||
it, and fall down on my back. I am l |
additional |
|||
lie there and think, whom I can ask |
obstacle |
|||
for help, everyone sleeping. I do not |
||||
remember I either called somebody, |
||||
or stranger helped. That's a common |
||||
situation, I fall down often. |
||||
I: Peoples help is important |
||||
P3: Yes, people very helpful. They |
||||
always want to help, because. I |
Usually people |
|||
remember before, when I was in a |
willing to help P3. |
|||
wheelchair, people were looking like |
At the past, people |
|||
I am an animal who escaped the |
were looking at P3 |
|||
zoo, and poke a finger on me. Now |
weirdly, which |
|||
no one cares in a good sense. |
made him |
|||
Young generation very kind, for them |
uncomfortable, |
|||
it is. they do not notice if you in |
now people more |
|||
wheelchair... mentality is slowly |
open-minded. P3 |
|||
changing. 20 years passed and |
believes that |
|||
changed. But if you further from |
mentality is slowly |
Help from other |
||
Moscow, for example, Nizhniy |
changing. |
people: can be |
Help from |
|
Novgorod, we went there on a |
useful or can |
outside |
||
special bus, maybe like 5 people in |
create additional |
|||
wheelchairs. We had a situation |
problems |
|||
when grandmothers came to us and |
||||
ask "you all were released from the |
orphanage?”. They do not have an |
The old lady asked |
An offending |
||
understanding that a person in a |
P3 and his friends |
stereotype about |
||
wheelchair can work, study, have a |
if they from the |
the necessity of |
Stigma |
|
good life, family and everything is |
orphanage. P3 |
being |
||
good. They think its still USSR, all |
thinks it shows that |
accompanied |
Non- |
|
wheelchair users in an orphanage, |
some people do |
independence |
||
we should be only with |
not understand that |
|||
accompanying. Often people ask: |
wheelchair user |
Attitude barrier |
||
"where is your accompanying? How |
can have a "good |
|||
you went out of your flat? You should have an accompanying”, |
life”. |
Stereotypes |
||
like... still, some adults have these |
People ask P3 why |
|||
ideas. But I think mentality still |
he is alone, how he |
|||
changing, not fast. |
went out from flat |
|||
without |
||||
I: Better than before anyway |
accompanying. |
Independence in the city |
||
P3: Exactly, also our country signed |
||||
the United Nations Convention on |
In 2005 P3 felt the |
Not |
||
the Rights of Persons with |
start of positive |
understanding of |
||
Disabilities, so no choice, need to |
changes. |
wheelchair users |
||
respect rights. |
Experience with |
|||
I: Is it were in 2012? |
society |
|||
P3: I think like 10 years ago, or maybe 2005, I remember that year |
Stereotypes |
|||
everything starts to change |
about wheelchair |
|||
users needs |
||||
I: So, 2005 were a year when you |
||||
felt first positive changes? |
Moscow ordered |
|||
P3: Yes, they start to buy buses, I |
low buses; people |
|||
remember one moment, the first low |
were wonder why |
The idea that |
Stereotype |
|
buses in Moscow. All people with |
this is important if |
wheelchair user |
||
disabilities were sitting at home, |
wheelchair users |
always with |
Social barrier |
|
especially wheelchair users, I think Luzhkov was mayor at that time. |
do not go outside. |
accompanying |
people were asking why you bought |
The wheelchair |
|||
these buses if people in wheelchair |
user cannot be |
|||
do not use it? They just cannot go |
P3 at that time was |
independent |
||
outside, I had the same situation, at |
not able to go |
|||
that time I do not got special |
outside alone as |
Year of urban |
||
accommodation, I lived with mother, |
well as entrance |
improvement |
Buildings |
|
I had non-accessible entrance hall |
had no space for a |
(2005) |
accessibility |
|
and went outside rarely because I |
ramp. P3 did not |
|||
always needed to ask for help. |
want to use others |
Physical barrier |
||
space to create a |
||||
I: Entrance was not accessible as |
comfortable place |
Right to the city |
||
there was no space for a ramp? |
for him. |
|||
P3: It is general 9-floor building. It has a lift but it is narrow and then 6 stairs. I had ramp there but it steep and it is hard to use, so it was impossible to make it comfortable for me and do not take space form |
Society does not |
|||
others. I do not know, people can be |
understand the |
|||
against it, for healthy people it is not |
need for |
|||
comfortable. Entrance do not |
accessible |
|||
suppose to have a ramp, so need to |
transport |
|||
find other solutions. |
||||
I: do you know the situation when |
||||
people against ramps? |
P3 mentioned |
|||
P3: Yes, one girl established ramp, |
situation when his |
|||
she got permission from the |
friend experienced |
The problems of |
||
administration, but people were |
the pressure from |
entrance group |
Physical barrier |
|
against, so it was removed. They |
neighbours to |
|||
stumble, it is not comfortable for |
remove the ramp. |
Ramps in a |
||
them. She still cannot change |
She does not have |
housing |
Buildings |
|
accommodation, or get flat on the |
the money to buy a |
accessibility |
||
first floor. |
new flat. |
I: It is a hard situation, seems like a |
||||
conflict between neighbours |
||||
P3: She lives with parents, and there no choice, she not rich, she cannot just buy another flat, so... she is trying to work when having the opportunity. Nothing much to do in this situation. She sued with administration, but lost case. |
||||
I: But is no one in this house need or |
||||
will need a ramp |
||||
P3: No one thinks about it, the same |
People do not think |
|||
as my situation when I walked, I did |
that something can |
|||
not think about it. No one can be |
happen and they |
|||
sure, today you walk, tomorrow you |
also will need a |
|||
in a wheelchair. Any moment |
ramp. P3 also did |
Conflict of needs |
||
anything can happen, my friend just |
not think about it |
between the |
||
falls down on the ice and broke his |
before the injury. |
wheelchair user |
Buildings |
|
neck. Now no arms, no legs are |
and neighbours |
accessibility |
||
working. people do not want to |
Houses do not |
Social barrier |
||
think about it, that's all. also, the |
have enough |
Physical barrier |
||
house is old, it was not planned for the ramp, everything so narrow. maybe neighbours are right at some point. this girl should get the flat in more accessible house, that is all. No one will bother anyone |
space for ramps. |
|||
I: Is it were in Moscow |
||||
P3: No, in Moscow Oblast |
||||
I: I guess it is then the government |
||||
should solve such problems |
P3: Yes, mayor, administration, I do not know exactly who. The situation... of course the rights of disabled people are important, but |
Importance of |
|||
we should not take the rights of |
ramp for |
|||
others, should be comfortable for everyone. We need to find a compromise. |
everyone |
|||
I: Yes, I know you also travel a lot, how accessibility there? Is |
Importance of |
|||
something Moscow should also do |
housing |
|||
or not? |
accessibility |
|||
P3: Well yes, the most accessible places in Europe, especially |
P3 visited |
|||
Germany, I really liked it. For |
Germany and |
|||
example, I visited Berlin with a |
enjoyed the |
|||
group. we trained there, 5 people |
accessibility of |
|||
in wheelchair were able to travel |
Berlin. He was |
|||
from Berlin area to actual city, on the |
surprised that he |
|||
train, at that time we did not have |
can go anywhere |
|||
accessible trains. like, you know, |
he wants. |
|||
Lastochki which going to Sochi. At that time, I was surprised, we were |
P3 saw people with |
|||
able to travel around all city, different |
disabilities in the |
|||
shops, museums, we never |
streets: "it was |
|||
experience the problem of |
normal for |
|||
accessibility there. For me, it was |
everyone, and I felt |
|||
something special. everywhere I saw people in a wheelchair, people with visual problems. in was normal for everyone, and I felt normal. in was in 2013. I had a cultural shock. Everything so accessible and usable. I realised we have something to follow. I actually took part at the opening of |
normal”. |
Paralympic Games at Sochi, so, I |
P3 took part in the |
|||
had the opportunity to explore the |
opening of |
|||
city, it was done well, everything is |
Paralympic Games |
|||
accessible, buses, trains, transitions. |
at Sochi. He said |
|||
But as soon as games were finished |
that everything was |
|||
everything stopped work. Transitions |
accessible, but |
Experience of |
||
not working, need to call somebody |
when the official |
accessibility in |
||
to open lift, as usual. It cost money; |
part was finished |
Europe |
||
everyone wants to save money. |
everything stopped |
|||
to work. |
Positive |
|||
I: it was such a good start |
experience of |
|||
accessibility |
||||
P3: In Germany, we also visited |
||||
other cities, small city, maybe a |
||||
village, only 8000 citizens... |
P3 also visited the |
|||
architecture is very old, not much |
old village in |
|||
accessibility but special buildings are |
Germany, where |
Feeling that |
||
accessible, even churches. we |
the accessibility |
being in |
||
came to listen to organ music, the |
level was less than |
wheelchair is |
||
staff brought ramp from somewhere |
in Berlin. However, |
normal |
||
for us. The hotel where we lived, |
special buildings |
|||
was so accessible. I never saw such |
and churches were |
Help from |
||
hotels before, everything were so |
accessible for |
people |
||
thoughtful, in swimming pool hair |
visitors in the |
|||
driers were regulated depend on |
wheelchair. P3 was |
|||
which hight you need, there a lot of |
in the special hotel |
Accessibility of |
||
different things, also lift into an |
which was fully |
essential |
||
actual swimming pool. A lot of |
accessible and |
services |
||
workers there were in a wheelchair, |
people in |
|||
they all worked at different positions. |
wheelchair worked |
|||
It is so cool, the person had |
there. |
|||
opportunities. It was so interesting. |
||||
P3 mentioned that |
||||
I: How is with work in Russia? |
his friends in |
Work from office |
Work |
|
wheelchair go to |
||||
P3: I have a lot of friends who work |
offices; however, |
Opportunity to |
||
in an office and go there in a |
the majority of |
work at office |
||
wheelchair, just office should adapt |
offices ask people |
for your workplace, you should be |
in wheelchair work |
|||
able to reach your working place by |
from home as the |
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