Urban accessibility in Moscow: new technologies to improve the city (experience of people with reduced mobility)

Impact of actions and policies in the USSR on the social reputation of people with disabilities and the challenge of segregation within society. The importance of urban accessibility for PRM. Mobile mapping application prototype based on PRM needs.

Рубрика Социология и обществознание
Вид дипломная работа
Язык английский
Дата добавления 18.09.2020
Размер файла 4,2 M

Отправить свою хорошую работу в базу знаний просто. Используйте форму, расположенную ниже

Студенты, аспиранты, молодые ученые, использующие базу знаний в своей учебе и работе, будут вам очень благодарны.

Interviews helped to establish a specification for the prototype. Participants who use baby carriages agreed that accessibility map, along with accessible routes, should provide information about children-friendly public spaces and places where parents can use baby carriages. Participants #3, #4 and #12 mentioned that mobile application should provide information about parking and accessible toilets. It was decided to indicate two types of streets and places: accessible and not accessible (Table 2). An accessible element is a place which met all minimum accessibility requirement for a wheelchair user; for the not accessible place, the description should be provided as PRM have different body conditions, and not accessible route for one group can be accessible to another group. As were mentioned by participants, information can help to prepare emotionally for barriers. During the interview, it also was decided to have a rating and comment section for public spaces; as were discussed before, friendliness from the staff can reduce the effect of the physical barrier. Business owners showed their willingness to create accessible routes from the public transportation stop to their space and share it in the mobile application.

Figure 9. Accessibility map of the Timiryazevskiy district.

As a result of urban analysis, the accessibility map of the Timiryazevskiy district was developed (Figure 9). Pavement has potholes and cracked paving; the potential reason for the low- quality road can be in the material. The problem of high thresholds is common for the Timiryazevskiy district. Based on online urban research, the needs of PRM have been ignored in the design of space in the Timiryazevskiy district; however, the district has accessible routes and places. Results of urban analysis going to be used in the prototype as the accessibility map.

To conclude, not all categories from the interview analysis were possible to reflect in the prototype; however, categories such as right to the information, accessible toilets, activities in the city, physical barriers, public transportation, transport barriers and building accessibility were used as a carcase of the first development. Overall, PRM have the wiliness to explore the city and be part of social life: "Our needs are no different from the needs of other people. Imagine you cannot go somewhere just because you cannot change it in yourself.”, "I like to see new places, walk around.

I do not like to sit at home or constantly visit one place.” Urban accessibility is perceived as a right which should not be taken away. According to the study, the first step of providing information about accessibility can help PRM feel welcome in the urban environment.

Chapter 3. Project Proposal

3.1 Concept of the prototype

The results of the interview analysis (Table 3) identified the barriers for PRM in the urban environment: physical, attitude, social, transport, programmatic, regulation and negligence barriers. The problems, which were discussed commonly, are lack of information about urban accessibility, stereotypes and stigma around different PRM groups and independence in the city. Therefore, ABLE should address the existing problems. ABLE is a mobile map application, which aims to provide information about urban accessibility considering the needs of PRM. The main feature of the application is information about physical barriers in streets and accessibility of public spaces, semi-public spaces and essential services. As was discussed in section 2.1, the problem of accessibility can be explored through the Pathetic Dot Theory: any phenomena are regulated by four forces, such as law, social norms, market and architecture. Architectural force can be presented in a shape of technology, for example, mobile application. Potentially, by pushing on one force, in case of the current study architectural force, the social problem can appear. A social problem was defined by Blumer (1971, p. 301) as: are not the result of an intrinsic malfunctioning of a society, but are a result of a process of definition in which a given condition is picked out and identified as a social problem. A social problem does not exist for society unless it is recognized by that society to exist.” Hence, if ABLE will provide needed information for PRM and by that will increase the interaction of PRM with the city, this can push other forces by recognising the social problem of urban accessibility.

Another aspect of ABLE potential is to become a connection point between PRM and local authorities, as mobile application aims to collect reviews about city accessibility. The collected and analysed data can help decision-makers to get understanding of PRM needs.

3.2 Specifications for prototype ABLE

The gathered data from the research study created a foundation for the high-fidelity prototype of the mobile application. It is important to mention that in current research, ABLE is presented as horizontal prototypes, as it is more about interface level rather than technical parts. The final result can be seen as an evolutionary prototype because at the start it has minimal functionality (Specification 1,2,3,4,5); however, further development can bring new functions (Specification 6).

The prototype ABLE is based on the results of in-depth interviews with PRM. During the interviews, participants shared their urban experience and discussed which information can help to navigate in the city. Some participants tested the first mock-up of the ABLE in Figma and shared

their suggestions on how to improve it further. The urban analysis of the Timiryazevskiy district will be used to create an accessibility map for the prototype. Specifications below illustrate the main features of ABLE considering the needs of PRM and prototype capabilities.

Specification 1: functionality of register user.

Users can register in ABLE by using the email address and nickname. (S1.1)

Nickname will be visible to other users. (S1.2)

The registered users has a profile where she/he can upload a photo, add the link to personal social media or share some information. (S1.3)

Registered users can comment and review places and routes according to personal experience. (S1.4)

Registered users can use the rating system to provide a mark to route and places. (S1.5)

Registered users can report mistakes in the application and provide feedback by using form inside the application. (S1.6)

Registered users can create personal routes and share them with the public. The custom route can be provided in the shape of a CSV file. (S1.7)

If the user does not want to provide personal information, she/he can use the accessibility map; however, the function of rating, comment and create routes will be not available. (S1.8)

Specification 2: Block of suggestions.

The section "What is near you” provides information about important spaces such as accessible toilets, parking, pharmacy, places with baby changing tables and others. (S2.1)

The section "What is near you” also providing suggestions about where to go in the Timiryazevskiy district. (S2.2)

The custom routes are available at "Routes by users” section. (S2.3)

Specification 3: interaction with streets and routes information.

Routes are built based on information which user provided: the final destination, the start point or current location. (S3.1)

If the user start point is outside of the Timiryazevskiy district, the start point automatically will become the closest transportation point to a final destination inside the district. (S3.2)

Users will be able to choose any start point inside the district boundary. (S3.3)

Route builds upon the information about streets; therefore, it can be a mixture of red and green parts. (S3.4)

Red part means that the street does not meet the minimal requirement of street accessibility (Table 2). (S3.5)

Green part means that the street is accessible. (S3.6)

Users have an opportunity to check the information about the physical barriers of red streets. (S3.7)

Users can leave comments, rank or report mistakes about the street and route. (S3.8)

If the information available, the map can suggest a different route for the final destination (S3.9).

Specification 4: interaction with POI information.

POI is any essential services, public and semi-public places; it can be red or green. (S4.1)

Green POI means that place is accessible. (S4.2)

Red POI means that the place does not meet the minimal requirement of space accessibility (Table 2). (S4.3)

Users have an opportunity to check the information about the physical barriers of red POI. (S4.4)

Users can choose an option to show children-friendly POI on the map. Both accessible and not accessible POI can be in a children-friendly category. (S4.5)

Users can leave comments, rank or report mistakes about POI. (S4.6)

Specification 5: interaction with transportation information.

Transportation information is data about public transport in the district, accessibility of transportation stops and availability of parking in the area. (S5.1)

Public transportation is not judged according to accessibility information and only illustrates the options. (S5.2)

Transportation stops can be red or green. (S5.3)

Green transportation stops means that place is accessible. (S5.4)

Red transportation stop means that the place does not meet the minimal requirement of space accessibility (Table 2). (S5.5)

Information about parking illustrates the availability of parking spots. (S5.6)

Wireframe and mock-up of ABLE

Based on the specifications, a wireframe of the prototype was developed, then the final mock- up was designed in Figma. Figure 10-a and 10-b illustrate the first screen and interaction of the user with the registration option (S1.1; S1.2; S1.3). After registration the user is not able to edit the user name; however, other parameters can be changed. The registered user has an opportunity to upload the personal routes in CSV shapefile and share it with other users, as shown in Figure 10-c (S1.7). segregation urban mobile application

Figure 10. (a) Wireframe of the user registration process. (b) Mock-up of the registration process and example how the user will see their personal profile. (c) The process of uploading route and example of the result.

Figure 11 illustrates the interaction of the user with a block of suggestions. The user has an opportunity to search for a needed place by using the search bar at the top or can explore the suggestions such as essential and popular places near the user, and routes by other users (S2.1; S2.2: S2; 3). The user has an opportunity to share a personal opinion about route or space by providing review (Figure 11-b); alternatively, the user can report a mistake as shown on Figure 12 (S1.4; S1.5; S1.6; S3.8; S4.6).

Figure 11. (a) Wireframe of user interaction with application features: important spaces, chose of the application, routes created by other users, information about places. (b) The mock-up of “What's neat you” section and an example of the review section.

Figure 12. (a) Wireframe of user interaction with the review section and reporting mistakes. (b) Example from mock-up how the user can report a mistake about POI information.

As were shown in Figure 12, each POI has an information section which shows the rating of place, review from users, address, web page or phone number if applicable. POI also can be red or green: red indicates that place has a physical barrier, and green indicates that place is accessible (S4.2; S4.3) (Figure 13-b). Users have an opportunity to check the information about the physical barriers (S4.4). After POI is chosen, the application automatically shows different routes so that the user can have a choice (S3.9). Routes can have red sectors as well, which means that it has physical barriers (S3.4; S3.5; S3.6), the information about it also can be found in the mobile application (Figure 13-c).

Figure 13. (a) Wireframe of user interaction with routes. (b) Wireframe of user interaction with the red location. (c) Mock-up of user interaction with red routes and process of reporting mistakes. (d) Mock-up of user interaction with green routes.

Some routes can include the usage of public transport or private transport (Figure 14). Public transportation method (metro, bus, tram, trolleybus, train) are not judged according to it accessibility; however, transportation stops can be red or green: red means that transportation stop does not meet the minimal requirement of space accessibility, green indicates that stop is accessible (S5.2; S5.3; S5.4; S5.5). In case of usage of private transport, the application will indicate the parking close to the final destination (S5.6).

Figure 14. Wireframe of user interaction with public transportation.

Design of logotype

The process of logotype development is presented in Figure 15. The final version of the prototype logo is given in Figure 16. The colour pattern was chosen with reference to colours of International Day of Persons with Disabilities, which is celebrated every year on the third of

December. The idea of such a colour pattern is to reflect an understanding that the urban environment should be accessible for everyone. The current study focuses only on a group of people with reduced mobility; however, further research is needed to build a knowledge base to understand the needs of other groups and potentially to improve ABLE.

Figure 15. The process of logotype development for mobile application ABLE. The first idea was a simple blue colour which associates with wheelchair users and a capital letter A (icon 1). However, after consultation with interview participants, was decided to work on colours and symbol. The symbol at icon 7 was chosen as the prior option--the colours pattern of logotype chosen regarding official colours of

International Day of Persons with Disabilities.

Figure 16. The final version of logotype for the ABLE prototype. The goal was to make a visually pleasant and meaningful logotype.

Gamification

According to Deterding et al., (2011, p.2), "gamification is the use of elements of game design in non-game contexts.” Studies about gamification in education indicate higher engagement in the learning process when elements of games are introduced (Alsawaier, 2017; Khaddage, 2014). Moreover, marketing studies claim that gamification tactics help to increase engagement for a product (Hofacker, 2016; Lucassen, 2014; Hamid, 2017).

In order to attract users, points and levels are introduced into ABLE. As illustrated in Table 5, the user has an opportunity to reach new levels by earning points. Points can be earned by doing actions in the application (Table 6); users can get points by exploring places, creating routes, providing feedback and correcting mistakes. Such actions can help to collect and update information inside the application.

Table 5. The rank of levels in ABLE.

Level

Points

Level name

1

0 - 100

First steps

2

101 - 500

Explorer

3

501 - 1200

Local

4

1201 - 3000

Travel guide

5

3001 - ...

City export

Table 6. The system of points collection in ABLE.

Action

Points

Registration provide first bonuses for user

30

Review of place

10

Place ranking

10

Add photo

10

Report mistake

30

Creation route

150

Each positive review of created route also

brings points to creator

5

Add POI

80

The interview with business owners showed that business would participate in such an application as this can be a way of promotion. Potentially, users can get symbolic gifts from business as a reward for achieving new levels; also, a business can organise missions for users (Figure 17).

Missions will help a business to promote the place, while the mobile application can get data and users will have an opportunity to get gifts by exploring the city.

Figure 17. The example of the mission to users from a business.

Further development

The prototype ABLE is the first step of application development; therefore, further improvements are needed. Firstly, the enhancement of the mechanism of sharing routes should be developed. Creating and sharing a CSV file requires time, and this significant application feature should be user-friendly and less time-consuming. Preferably, the mobile application should have the in-build function of producing routes, where users can plan, modify and create. For this step, the consultation with programmers and mobile application developers is needed.

Secondly, ABLE should provide features for other groups of people, who also experience urban barriers. Therefore, further studies are needed to understand needs, problems and possible solutions for people with visual, mental hearing or other disorders.

Thirdly, the design of ABLE can be improved with further development. However, the concept of ABLE can be introduced into existing mobile map services. Specification 6 discusses the possible features which can improve the mobile application.

Specification 6: elements for further development.

Expanding the map on other districts with help from users. (S6.1)

Introduce computer vision for automatic urban analysis and recognition of physical barriers and barriers created by climate. (S6.2)

The function of the route creation which is a build-in inside the application. (S6.3)

The application should provide information about special parking spots for people with disabilities. (S6.4)

Mobile application should provide a design option for users with visual disorders. (S6.5)

For further development, GPS navigation should be introduced in the application. (S6.6)

The application should automatically calculate the needed time for the route by considering PRM and other groups. (S6.7)

Consideration of seasonal barriers such as ice and show in route planning. (S6.8)

References

1. Alkan Meзhur, H. F., & Yilmaz Зakmak, B. (2018). Universal Design in Urban Public Spaces: The Case of Zafer Pedestrian Zone / Konya -Turkey. Iconarp International J. of Architecture and Planning, 6(Special Issue), 15-40.

2. Alsawaier, R. S. (2018). The effect of gamification on motivation and engagement. International Journal of Information and Learning Technology, 35(1), 56-79.

3. Battle, L. I. (2013). Reducing the Stigmatization of Teen Mothers. MCN, The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing, 38(4), 235-241.

4. Blumer, H. (1971). Social Problems as Collective Behavior. Social Problems, 18(3), 298-306.

5. Bowering, T. (2019). Ageing, Mobility and the City: Objects, Infrastructures and Practices in Everyday Assemblages of Civic Spaces in East London. Journal of Population Ageing, 12(2), 151-177.

6. CBC. (2014, March 10). Sochi Paralympics confronts Russia's attitude towards disabled. Retrieved March 2, 2020

7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019, September 4). Common Barriers to Participation Experienced by People with Disabilities. Retrieved from

8. Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing Grounded Theory. Thousand Oaks, Canada: SAGE Publications.

9. City Index. (n.d). Retrieved from https://xn---dtbcccdtsypabxk.xn--p1ai/#/

10. Chun Tie, Y., Birks, M., & Francis, K. (2019). Grounded theory research: A design framework for novice researchers. SAGE Open Medicine, 7,

11. Church, R. L., & Marston, J. R. (2003). Measuring Accessibility for People with a Disability. Geographical Analysis, 35(1), 83-96.

12. Dale, R. (2013). The Valaam Myth and the Fate of Leningrad's Disabled Veterans. The Russian Review, 72(2), 260-284.

13. Deakin, H., & Wakefield, K. (2013). Skype interviewing: reflections of two PhD researchers. Qualitative Research, 14(5), 603-616.

14. Denscombe, M. (2010). The Good Research Guide. New York, United States: McGraw-Hill Education.

15. Demyanova, A.V. (2015). Социальная политика в сфере защиты прав инвалидов в России [Social Policy for the Protection of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in Russia]. Moscow, Russia: Higher School of Economics.

16. Deterding, S., Khaled, R., Nacke, L., & Dixon, D. (2011). Gamification: Toward a Definition. Conference: CHI 2011 Gamification Workshop Proceedings. Retrieved

17. DW. (2014, March 6). Sochi Paralympic Games highlight Russian discrimination. Retrieved March 2, 2020

18. Fefelov, V. (1986). В СССР инвалидов нет! [There are no invalids in the USSR!]. London: Overseas Publications Interchange Ltd.

19. Finnish Disability Forum report. (2003). Disability and Social Exclusion in the European Union. Retrieved from

20. Glaser, B. G. (1978). Theoretical Sensitivity: Advances in the Methodology of Grounded Theory (1st ed.). Mill Valley, CA: The Sociology Press.

21. Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The Discovery of Grounded Theory. London, UK: Aldine.

22. Hamid, M., & Kuppusamy, M. (2017). Gamification Implementation in Service Marketing: A Literature Review. Electronic Journal of Business & Management, 2(1), 38.

23. Harvey, D. (2008). The Right to the City. Retrieved

24. Hendriati, A., & Okvitawanli, A. (2019). Challenges of Parenting in an Urban Setting. Psychological Research on Urban Society, 2(1), 36.

25. Hirvensalo, M., Sakari-Rantala, R., Kallinen, M., Leinonen, R., Lintunen, T., & Rantanen, T. (2007). Underlying Factors in the Association between Depressed Mood and Mobility Limitation in Older People. Gerontology, 53(3), 173-178.

26. Hoge, E. (2015). Participation and Isolation: Russian Concepts of Disability After the Collapse of the Soviet Union. Retrieved from

27. Hofacker, C. F., de Ruyter, K., Lurie, N. H., Manchanda, P., & Donaldson, J. (2016). Gamification and Mobile Marketing Effectiveness. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 34, 25-36.

28. Huffpost. (2014, March 12). Russia is Hosting Paralympians, but People with Disabilities are still Marginalized in Sochi. Retrieved March 4, 2020

29. Institute on Disability. (2018). Annual Report on People with Disabilities in America.

30. Iossifova, D., Doll, C., & Gasparatos, A. (2018). Defining the Urban. Abingdon, United Kingdom: Routledge.

31. Jayakody, C., Amaratunga, D., & Haigh, R. P. (2017). Grounded theory as an approach to explore the use of public open spaces to enhance the cities' resilience to disasters.

32. Conference: 10th International Conference of Faculty of Architecture Research Unit (FARU)At: Sri Lanka, 1. Retrieved from

33. Johnson, A., Benites, K., Bonneville, K., Collum, J., Danton, C., Freese, S., Gore, H., Johnson, A., Libby, K., Lucero, F., Smith, C., Stokes, N., Swift, A., Weilminster, L. (2007). Human Rights in Russia and the Former Soviet Republics. Human Right & Human Welfare.

34. Kavkaz Uzel. (2013, September 12). Human Rights Watch: накануне Паралимпийских игр в Сочи нарушаются права инвалидов [Human Rights Watch: on the eve of the Paralympic

35. Games in Sochi, the rights of persons with disabilities are violated]. Retrieved April 21, 2020

36. Khaddage, F., Lattemann, C., & Acosta-DIaz, R. (2014). Mobile Gamification in Education Engage, Educate and Entertain via Gamified Mobile Apps. Conference: Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2014At: Chesapeake, VA Volume: 2014/1.

37. Koenig, J.G. Indicators of urban accessibility: Theory and application. Transportation 9, 145-172 (1980).

38. Kusenbach, M. (2003). Street Phenomenology. Ethnography, 4(3), 455-485.

39. Kvale, S., SAGE., & Brinkmann, S. (1996). InterViews. Thousand Oaks, Canada: SAGE Publications.

40. Lid, I. M., & Solvang, P. K. (2016). (Dis)ability and the experience of accessibility in the urban environment. Alter, 10(2),

41. Lilius, J. (2016). Urban space in the everyday lives of mothers and fathers on family leave in Helsinki. European Urban and Regional Studies, 24(1), 104-118.

42. Lucassen, G., & Jansen, S. (2014). Gamification in Consumer Marketing - Future or Fallacy? Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 148, 194-202.

43. Musich, S., Wang, S. S., Ruiz, J., Hawkins, K., & Wicker, E. (2018). The impact of mobility limitations on health outcomes among older adults. Geriatric Nursing, 39(2), 162-169.

44. Naberushkina, E.K. (2011). Город для всех: Социологический анализ доступности городского пространства для инвалидов [A city for everyone: A sociological analysis of the accessibility of urban space for people with disabilities].

45. Naderifar, M., Goli, H., & Ghaljaie, F. (2017). Snowball Sampling: A Purposeful Method of Sampling in Qualitative Research. Strides in Development of Medical Education, 14(3)

46. Nghosiyan, M. D., & Motamedi, M. (2015). Suitable Urban Space for Disable People (Ajodanieh). Special Issue on New Trends in Architecture, Civil Engineering, and Urb, 3(3), 36. Retrieved from

47. Official web-page of Moscow Mayor. (2018, August 27). Сергей Собянин: Социальная поддержка инвалидов -- безусловный приоритет Правительства Москвы [Sergei Sobyanin: Social support for people with disabilities is an absolute priority of the Moscow Government]. Retrieved January 13, 2020

48. Phillips, S. D. (2009). "There Are No Invalids in the USSR!”: A Missing Soviet Chapter in the New Disability History. Disability Studies Quarterly, 29(3)

49. Saldana, J. (2009). The Coding Manual for Qualitative Researchers. Thousand Oaks, Canada: SAGE Publications.

50. Sbaraini, A., Carter, S. M., Evans, R. W., & Blinkhorn , A. (2011). How to do a grounded theory study: a worked example of a study of dental practices. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 11(128), 1. Retrieved from

51. Shi, K. (2012). Eco-City: A Living Organism System. Advanced Materials Research, 616-618, 1280-1284.

52. Shimolina, M.V. (2015). Маломобильные группы населения в современной России. Аспекты социального неравенства [Low mobility groups in modern Russia. Aspects of Social Inequality].

53. Szmaglinski, J., Grulkowski, S., & Birr, K. (2018). Identification of safety hazards and their sources in tram transport. MATEC Web of Conferences, 231, 05008

54. United Nations. (2018). World Urbanization Prospects. Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 1.

55. Warf, B., & Arias, S. (2009). The Spatial Turn. Abingdon, United Kingdom: Routledge.

56. Web page of Administration of the Timiryazevskiy district. (n.d.). О районе [About the district]. Retrieved January 13, 2020

57. Wiedlack, M. K., & Neufeld, M. (2016). Dangerous and Moving? Disability, Russian Popular Culture and North/Western Hegemony. Somatechnics, 6(2), 216-234.

58. World Health Organization, & World Health Organization. (2007). Global Age-friendly Cities. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.

59. Yazigi, S., Resende, A. E., & Yazigi, R. (2015). Accessibility in Soccer Stadiums: Infrastructure and Organization in Support of People with Reduced Mobility - A Use Analysis. Procedia Manufacturing, 3, 5557-5561.

60. Yarskaya-Smirnova, E., Romanov, P.V., & Center for Social Policy and Gender Studies.

61. (2008). Советская социальная политика [Soviet social policy]. Moscow, Russia: LLC “Variant.”

Appendix

The topics which were discussed in in-depth interviews were varied depending on the participant. Moreover, because interviews were semi-structured, new topics also were coming up during the interview. This guide presents general topics.

Timiryazevskiy district or place of current

Public spaces

living

Which public or semi-public spaces are

A day in the district

important?

Places to visit

Favourite places

Places to avoid

Essential services

Emotions

How to get information about accessibility?

Lightening of the district

Staff willingness to help

Mental map of the district

Friendliness

Accessibility of district

Politeness

Comparison with other districts in Moscow

Accessible toilets

Neighbours

Where you can get help?

What is missing in district?

Transportation

How places improved over time?

How district improved over time?

Communication with authorities

Any cases?

Moscow

Process

Stories about city and central part

How long

Time management

How is experience

Transportation

Result?

Taxi

Any changes?

Importance of climate

How Moscow improved over time?

Mobile application "ABLE”

Is this needed?

Travelling

Design

Other countries and cities - accessible?

Usability

Comparison to Moscow to home district

Additional functions

Any analogues - how it was? What you

liked about it? What were negative?

What you use at the moment?

Table present in-depth interview with Participant #3, who is wheelchair user. The table shows the raw data and coding.

RAW DATA / P3

INITIAL CODING

FOCUSED

CATEGORIES

CODING

I: Thank you for taking part in the

research. The aim of the interview is

to get an understanding of your

experience in Moscow. I know you

travel a lot, so it also will be

interesting.

P3: Thank you, no problem... my

pleasure

Place where P3

lives mostly

I: Firstly, I want to ask about the

accessible, only old

place where you living at the

buildings have a

moment: how is the accessibility of

lack of

essential services and public places

accessibility.

Not accessible

Buildings

there?

Usually P3 visits

shops on the

old buildings

accessibility

P3: Well, it is my personal opinion,

district. Moscow

my wife already told you hers. in

oblast, in the

general, all social objects, if in

opinion of P3, less

percentage, 60% is accessible.

accessible then

Places like pharmacy, shops.

especially chain shops. it is rare

when it not accessible, mostly in old

buildings I guess. an overall

majority is accessible. at least

where I live.

Moscow city.

I: usually what you visit in your

district?

P3: Maybe shops to buy food.

I: If compare your place with another

part of Moscow, do you see any

advantages or disadvantages?

P3: Closest Moscow Oblast, even

Sberbank can be not accessible,

sometimes office in the 5-floor

building and only stairs, no ramp.

I: Right, so Moscow Oblast seems

less accessible then Moscow?

P3: Maybe yes

I: If you had a chance to change

something in your current place of

living, what it would be?

P3: Well, maybe in our district we

Shopping malls,

need big shopping mall like

like AviaPark,

Important urban

AviaPark. I think a big shopping mall

provides an

Importance of

elements

in plans, it supposed to have a huge

accessible

parking spots

bus stop and shopping mall in one

environment with

The importance

place. I do not know how accessible

parking.

New shopping

of personal

and comfortable it will be, but I think

P3 drive a car and

mall expected to

transportation:

all modern buildings are accessible,

it is crucial to have

be accessible

practical and

so I guess it will solve our wishes.

the opportunity to

park a car.

Personal

psychological

I: why shopping mall?

transport as a

forced measure

The

P3: Usually shopping malls

requirements

accessible, AviaPark has a lift, so we

Personal

for personal

can go to eat after shopping. Also, I

transportation

transportation

drive the car, people get surprised

and stigma

that a man in a wheelchair has a car

and can use it. That's why I need

accessible parking and shopping

malls always have plenty of space.

I: Right, D also told me about

AviaPark. Maybe there any particular

reason why are you living at a

particular place?

P3: It happened randomly, actually

now we with the wife at parents'

house, house quite big and prepared

for our needs. Before I lived at

Kolomenskoe.

I: How is Kolomenskoe?

P3: It was okay, it is closer to the

Before P3 lived at

Kolomenskoe,

metro there not

accessible,

however, it was

possible to travel

centre... metro is not really

by bus to other

Public

accessible but new station

accessible metro

transportation:

TechnoPark is okay, accessible and

station. Also, bus

the

comfortable.

routes were

unpredictable

Public

I: Is TechnoPart only way to leave

Kolomenskoe?

P3: Kind of, we used the bus till it

and then going where we need.

I: How is bus routes and buses

there? Does it have ramps?

P3: Yes, it has. Routes are okay, I

guess.

I: Is it comfortable to use metro?

suitable for P3.

accessibility

transportation

P3: I have a car, and I prefer to not

P3 prefer personal

use public transport but if I need, I

transport over the

prefer ground transportation.

public. However,

ground

I: If compare Kolomenskoe and

transportation is

place where you live now?

usable.

P3: Kolomenskoe is close to the

Importance of

park, which is accessible. But here...

Park Kolomenskoe

Personal

also park; however, it more like a

is accessible, it has

transport

forest and it's not adapted for

good roads and

comfortable use of people in

accessible toilets.

wheelchair.

I: How is Kolomenskoe adapted?

Quality of the

Physical barrier

roads

P3: Everything is accessible, they

Accessibility of

have special toilets with ramps, it is

Importance pf

essential

very comfortable. It is comfortable.

accessible toilets

services

They have different areas, this area

Toilets mostly

for children, this for adults, roads

accessible,

Accessible

there useable, you also can walk

however, PRM can

toilets

along the river.

experience

difficulties due to

I: Right, the toilets are very

steep ramps or

important. in the perfect world, how a

thresholds.

public toilet should be done to be

comfortable for you?

P3: Well, toilets in shopping malls

Problems of

mostly accessible. especially big.

steep ramps

Physical barrier

they have norms, rules and other

accessible stuff. but toilets in parks

P3 physically

Thresholds

usually standard. Its comfortable

developed so his

creating physical

inside but too high or the ramp is

perception of

barrier

very steep, I am strong so I can

accessibility can be

The segregate

access it, but others cannot go there

different from other

role of physical

without help. Also, sometimes you

wheelchair users.

barrier

open the door and see tall threshold,

which hard to cross on a wheelchair.

I do not know why they doing it that

way. Sometimes, toilets very

comfortable, good ramp, no

threshold and inside is good. I saw it

Different

at Poklonnaya Hill actually.

perception of

accessibility due

I: Is threshold is a common problem

to different body

for you?

conditions

P3: I think it all depends on door

construction; a lot of doors have it...

actually now doors can be made

without threshold. But it is common

problem, for me, it is not hard to

cross it as I have strong arms, but

other wheelchair users cannot cross

it without external help, need to ask

for help all the time. I see threshold

all the time, just I do not see it as a

People who do not

problem personally because I can

experience

cross it. It is the same as healthy

reduced mobility

people do not notice stairs,

can do not realise

especially when 2-3 stairs. I guess D

the struggles of

told you, you ask the staff about

PRM, as they do

stairs, they do not remember, for

not notice small

them its normal. I remember my self,

when I was able to walk, I never

physical barriers.

Perception of

noticed it, it is normal.

urban

environment

I: For how long you use a

When P3 only got

Experience of

wheelchair?

injured he

low mobility and

experience

it impact on city

P3: This year, on 31 May will be 20

difficulties to enter

perception

years, I think. In 2002 I got injury; I

shops or other

was 17 years old. I sitting in

wheelchair longer then I was

places.

walking. So, I can compare, I

remember when I just arrived at the

P3 was not able to

hospital it was hard, no shops, no

travel around the

pharmacy, no banks, no accessibility

city alone.

at all. It was impossible to go

However, Moscow

anywhere, tall thresholds, friends

developing over

always pushed me. A lot of things

time and it is

changed over the years.

getting better.

I: Great that its positive change

P3: Yes, especially in Moscow... I do

Independence

not know about other regions, but

Moscow changed a lot.

in the city

I: If compare your perception of the

city before wheelchair and after, how

Importance of

it changed?

independent

traveling

P3: I think it changed, I guess not

after but during wheelchair

I: Right, sorry, I mean during

P3: I guess if I will walk again it also

will be interesting to compare. of

course, it changed. At past. city

P3 notices that city

made for healthy people at the start,

made for "healthy

who use two legs, everything done

people who use

for it. If somewhere ramp, it mostly

two legs”. Ramps

for mothers with babies, or suitcases

mostly suitable for

in hotels, for some other stuff. not

special stuff for us. before I never

noticed people in wheelchair. When I

baby carriages.

City made only

was in metro and saw people in the

for a group of

Indirect

wheelchair, I thought it is from

people, not for

discrimination

childhood, some disease, I never

thought you can just get an injury

everyone

from the city

and sit in a wheelchair, I never

Before injury P3

Ramps not

Physical barrier

thought about it. I never paid

believed that

suitable for

attention to ramps or ... other stuff.

people in

wheelchair users

For healthy and mobile people, it

wheelchair born

is. they never faced problem. or

with health

"Healthy people”

faced it rarely, he might think it is a

problems, he never

minor problem. Or you have a busy

thought that he can

life and no time to notice it. Now I

also become a

Stigma

understand that for me every stair is

wheelchair user.

important. Now I take it easy, at the

Before P3 never

Inattention

start when I also get an injury I were

were looking at

always stressed, it was hard to

ramps or other

Ignorance about

accept yourself, that you in

accessibility

disabilities

wheelchair... psychological, I guess.

elements. However

Information

I needed to check in advance is

now every step is

place is accessible, is it have toilets,

important.

if something will happen, need to ask

Fear because of

someone. I had fears in my head.

lack of

Now we going anywhere, without

information

knowing is it accessible or not, is it

Now P3 more

have parking or toilet. If not

relaxed in the city

accessible, I will try another place

environment, but

then, no problem. Now we have

before he was

more experience, also people. now

stressed. It also

it is not as hard to ask for help. Here

was due to the fact

more people with kind-heart that

that he needed to

Mental health

others.

accept himself in a

wheelchair.

I: So, with experience it easier to

navigate?

P3 had fears about

Psychological

P3: Yes, but also Moscow becomes

the city

pressure

more accessible. If we going to the

environment. Now,

theatre, it is rare if place not

due to experience,

Acceptance of

accessible, overall. I remember

P3 feel freer and

disability

one theatre where we dance. we

now P3 do not

Non-

used huge stuff lift, so everywhere

afraid to ask help if

Stress

independence

you can find a workaround.

he needed it.

Obviously, their old buildings cannot

be redone because of architectural

It is rare if a place

value.

is not accessible

City experience

for P3, theatres

on wheelchair

I: Can ask more about public

mostly accessible.

transport?

P3: Yes

Problem of

I: How are stops, are they accessible

asking for help

and comfortable?

P3: Well, look, bus stops and

Theatres mostly

trolleybuses stops are normal,

because... like new Mercedes buses

so low, no need for a ramp.

Sometimes I ask about ramp

anyway, so the driver will not relax.

Transport stops

accessible

still need to understand that its

mostly accessible;

important to do it because if it will be

drivers help with

really needed, he will know how to

do it. So, it is cold during winter, but

now you can check at Yandex

Transport at what time the bus will

ramps if needed.

arrive. The problem actually with

Trams are a

trams, they usually in the middle of

problem as stops

the road, and most of the time it not

can have physical

Workers of

in one level with tram. or stop can

be at the same level as tram, but no

barriers.

Public

services

ramp to reach the stop. Ones I used

transportation

Public

tram; the ramp was so steep. The

driver was a woman; it was so hard

drivers

transportation

for her to push me into the tram. I

Transport

think it slowly changing. but still a

problem. Another problem is

reaching the middle of the road,

where the tram stops, or sometimes

you can reach it via an underground

barrier

passage, it is not accessible.

Transport stops

Sometimes the road is active and

not always

you cannot reach stop at all.

Passages are a problem.

The passage is a

problem for P3.

accessible

I: Only underground passages?

The underground

passage mostly not

P3: And underground and

accessible, the

overground. They have lifts, but it is

overground

Physical barrier

common that lift not working, it is

passage has lifts

very sad. Or lift is working but you

need to wait for somebody with keys,

who will come and open it. Winter,

you already froze.

which not working.

I: I heard about this "key" situation;

in the metro, it works the same way

sometimes.

P3: Yes, yes

Underground

passage

I: Actually, about seasons, how it

influences your movement through

Overground

the city in a wheelchair?

passage

P3: In wheelchair its hard, when a lot

It is possible to use

of snow... you just get stuck,

a wheelchair during

difficult... also when ice over the

winter, but it can be

road, you know, when it also bumpy,

dangerous. P3

if no one removes snow from the

mentioned that if

street. I had situations when I

no one removes

needed to go somewhere, but no

snow near his

one removed snow near the house

entrance he does

entrance, and I just do not go

not go anywhere.

Winter as an

Influence of

anywhere. Also, common situation, I

additional

climate on

come home late after training, at 12,

obstacle

urban

no one on the street, and I just stuck

accessibility

in snow. I waited for 20 min and

were thinking that probably need to

Also, P3 had a

survive till morning, and then man

situation when the

come, I asked and he helped, he

ramp was covered

pushed me till home, so.... Also, I

in ice, and he falls

had a situation, I were going very

down. People

early somewhere, at 6 am I think,

usually help in

and I have ramp there, steep

these situations.

enough. I thought to slide on

balance, you know on rear wheels,

Regulation

so. it was slippery, there was snow

Ice as a

barrier

and under snow is ice. I did not saw

dangerous

it, and fall down on my back. I am l

additional

lie there and think, whom I can ask

obstacle

for help, everyone sleeping. I do not

remember I either called somebody,

or stranger helped. That's a common

situation, I fall down often.

I: Peoples help is important

P3: Yes, people very helpful. They

always want to help, because. I

Usually people

remember before, when I was in a

willing to help P3.

wheelchair, people were looking like

At the past, people

I am an animal who escaped the

were looking at P3

zoo, and poke a finger on me. Now

weirdly, which

no one cares in a good sense.

made him

Young generation very kind, for them

uncomfortable,

it is. they do not notice if you in

now people more

wheelchair... mentality is slowly

open-minded. P3

changing. 20 years passed and

believes that

changed. But if you further from

mentality is slowly

Help from other

Moscow, for example, Nizhniy

changing.

people: can be

Help from

Novgorod, we went there on a

useful or can

outside

special bus, maybe like 5 people in

create additional

wheelchairs. We had a situation

problems

when grandmothers came to us and

ask "you all were released from the

orphanage?”. They do not have an

The old lady asked

An offending

understanding that a person in a

P3 and his friends

stereotype about

wheelchair can work, study, have a

if they from the

the necessity of

Stigma

good life, family and everything is

orphanage. P3

being

good. They think its still USSR, all

thinks it shows that

accompanied

Non-

wheelchair users in an orphanage,

some people do

independence

we should be only with

not understand that

accompanying. Often people ask:

wheelchair user

Attitude barrier

"where is your accompanying? How

can have a "good

you went out of your flat? You

should have an accompanying”,

life”.

Stereotypes

like... still, some adults have these

People ask P3 why

ideas. But I think mentality still

he is alone, how he

changing, not fast.

went out from flat

without

I: Better than before anyway

accompanying.

Independence

in the city

P3: Exactly, also our country signed

the United Nations Convention on

In 2005 P3 felt the

Not

the Rights of Persons with

start of positive

understanding of

Disabilities, so no choice, need to

changes.

wheelchair users

respect rights.

Experience with

I: Is it were in 2012?

society

P3: I think like 10 years ago, or

maybe 2005, I remember that year

Stereotypes

everything starts to change

about wheelchair

users needs

I: So, 2005 were a year when you

felt first positive changes?

Moscow ordered

P3: Yes, they start to buy buses, I

low buses; people

remember one moment, the first low

were wonder why

The idea that

Stereotype

buses in Moscow. All people with

this is important if

wheelchair user

disabilities were sitting at home,

wheelchair users

always with

Social barrier

especially wheelchair users, I think

Luzhkov was mayor at that time.

do not go outside.

accompanying

people were asking why you bought

The wheelchair

these buses if people in wheelchair

user cannot be

do not use it? They just cannot go

P3 at that time was

independent

outside, I had the same situation, at

not able to go

that time I do not got special

outside alone as

Year of urban

accommodation, I lived with mother,

well as entrance

improvement

Buildings

I had non-accessible entrance hall

had no space for a

(2005)

accessibility

and went outside rarely because I

ramp. P3 did not

always needed to ask for help.

want to use others

Physical barrier

space to create a

I: Entrance was not accessible as

comfortable place

Right to the city

there was no space for a ramp?

for him.

P3: It is general 9-floor building. It

has a lift but it is narrow and then 6

stairs. I had ramp there but it steep

and it is hard to use, so it was

impossible to make it comfortable for

me and do not take space form

Society does not

others. I do not know, people can be

understand the

against it, for healthy people it is not

need for

comfortable. Entrance do not

accessible

suppose to have a ramp, so need to

transport

find other solutions.

I: do you know the situation when

people against ramps?

P3 mentioned

P3: Yes, one girl established ramp,

situation when his

she got permission from the

friend experienced

The problems of

administration, but people were

the pressure from

entrance group

Physical barrier

against, so it was removed. They

neighbours to

stumble, it is not comfortable for

remove the ramp.

Ramps in a

them. She still cannot change

She does not have

housing

Buildings

accommodation, or get flat on the

the money to buy a

accessibility

first floor.

new flat.

I: It is a hard situation, seems like a

conflict between neighbours

P3: She lives with parents, and there

no choice, she not rich, she cannot

just buy another flat, so... she is

trying to work when having the

opportunity. Nothing much to do in

this situation. She sued with

administration, but lost case.

I: But is no one in this house need or

will need a ramp

P3: No one thinks about it, the same

People do not think

as my situation when I walked, I did

that something can

not think about it. No one can be

happen and they

sure, today you walk, tomorrow you

also will need a

in a wheelchair. Any moment

ramp. P3 also did

Conflict of needs

anything can happen, my friend just

not think about it

between the

falls down on the ice and broke his

before the injury.

wheelchair user

Buildings

neck. Now no arms, no legs are

and neighbours

accessibility

working. people do not want to

Houses do not

Social barrier

think about it, that's all. also, the

have enough

Physical barrier

house is old, it was not planned for

the ramp, everything so narrow.

maybe neighbours are right at some

point. this girl should get the flat in

more accessible house, that is all.

No one will bother anyone

space for ramps.

I: Is it were in Moscow

P3: No, in Moscow Oblast

I: I guess it is then the government

should solve such problems

P3: Yes, mayor, administration, I do

not know exactly who. The

situation... of course the rights of

disabled people are important, but

Importance of

we should not take the rights of

ramp for

others, should be comfortable for

everyone. We need to find a

compromise.

everyone

I: Yes, I know you also travel a lot,

how accessibility there? Is

Importance of

something Moscow should also do

housing

or not?

accessibility

P3: Well yes, the most accessible

places in Europe, especially

P3 visited

Germany, I really liked it. For

Germany and

example, I visited Berlin with a

enjoyed the

group. we trained there, 5 people

accessibility of

in wheelchair were able to travel

Berlin. He was

from Berlin area to actual city, on the

surprised that he

train, at that time we did not have

can go anywhere

accessible trains. like, you know,

he wants.

Lastochki which going to Sochi. At

that time, I was surprised, we were

P3 saw people with

able to travel around all city, different

disabilities in the

shops, museums, we never

streets: "it was

experience the problem of

normal for

accessibility there. For me, it was

everyone, and I felt

something special. everywhere I

saw people in a wheelchair, people

with visual problems. in was

normal for everyone, and I felt

normal. in was in 2013. I had a

cultural shock. Everything so

accessible and usable. I realised we

have something to follow. I actually

took part at the opening of

normal”.

Paralympic Games at Sochi, so, I

P3 took part in the

had the opportunity to explore the

opening of

city, it was done well, everything is

Paralympic Games

accessible, buses, trains, transitions.

at Sochi. He said

But as soon as games were finished

that everything was

everything stopped work. Transitions

accessible, but

Experience of

not working, need to call somebody

when the official

accessibility in

to open lift, as usual. It cost money;

part was finished

Europe

everyone wants to save money.

everything stopped

to work.

Positive

I: it was such a good start

experience of

accessibility

P3: In Germany, we also visited

other cities, small city, maybe a

village, only 8000 citizens...

P3 also visited the

architecture is very old, not much

old village in

accessibility but special buildings are

Germany, where

Feeling that

accessible, even churches. we

the accessibility

being in

came to listen to organ music, the

level was less than

wheelchair is

staff brought ramp from somewhere

in Berlin. However,

normal

for us. The hotel where we lived,

special buildings

was so accessible. I never saw such

and churches were

Help from

hotels before, everything were so

accessible for

people

thoughtful, in swimming pool hair

visitors in the

driers were regulated depend on

wheelchair. P3 was

which hight you need, there a lot of

in the special hotel

Accessibility of

different things, also lift into an

which was fully

essential

actual swimming pool. A lot of

accessible and

services

workers there were in a wheelchair,

people in

they all worked at different positions.

wheelchair worked

It is so cool, the person had

there.

opportunities. It was so interesting.

P3 mentioned that

I: How is with work in Russia?

his friends in

Work from office

Work

wheelchair go to

P3: I have a lot of friends who work

offices; however,

Opportunity to

in an office and go there in a

the majority of

work at office

wheelchair, just office should adapt

offices ask people

for your workplace, you should be

in wheelchair work

able to reach your working place by

from home as the


Подобные документы

  • Understanding of social stratification and social inequality. Scientific conceptions of stratification of the society. An aggregated socio-economic status. Stratification and types of stratification profile. Social stratification of modern society.

    реферат [26,9 K], добавлен 05.01.2009

  • The concept, definition, typology, characteristics of social institute. The functions of social institution: overt and latent. The main institution of society: structural elements. Social institutions of policy, economy, science and education, religion.

    курсовая работа [22,2 K], добавлен 21.04.2014

  • Social structure as one of the main regulators of social dynamic. The structure of the social system: social communities, social institutions, social groups, social organizations. The structure of social space. The subsystem of society by T. Parsons.

    презентация [548,2 K], добавлен 06.02.2014

  • Study the opinion of elderly people and young people about youth culture. Subculture as a group of people with the same interests and views on life. Passion for today's youth to heavy music, computers, dance parties and special styles of clothing.

    презентация [654,6 K], добавлен 28.10.2014

  • American marriage pattern, its types, statistics and trends among different social groups and ages. The reasons of marriage and divorce and analyzing the statistics of divorce and it’s impact on people. The position of children in American family.

    курсовая работа [48,3 K], добавлен 23.08.2013

  • Problems in school and with parents. Friendship and love. Education as a great figure in our society. The structure of employed young people in Russia. Taking drugs and smoking as the first serious and actual problem. Informal movements or subcultures.

    контрольная работа [178,7 K], добавлен 31.08.2014

  • The need for human society in the social security. Guarantee of social security in old age, in case of an illness full or partial disability, loss of the supporter, and also in other cases provided by the law. Role of social provision in social work.

    презентация [824,4 K], добавлен 16.10.2013

  • The essence of the terms "Company" and "State" from a sociological point of view. Description criteria for the political independence of citizens. Overview of the types of human society. The essence of the basic theories on the origin of society.

    реферат [20,1 K], добавлен 15.12.2008

  • The nature and content of the concept of "migration". The main causes and consequences of migration processes in the modern world. Countries to which most people are emigrating from around the world. TThe conditions for obtaining the status of "migrant".

    презентация [4,8 M], добавлен 22.03.2015

  • Four common social classes. Karl Marx's social theory of class. Analysis the nature of class relations. The conflict as the key driving force of history and the main determinant of social trajectories. Today’s social classes. Postindustrial societies.

    презентация [718,4 K], добавлен 05.04.2014

Работы в архивах красиво оформлены согласно требованиям ВУЗов и содержат рисунки, диаграммы, формулы и т.д.
PPT, PPTX и PDF-файлы представлены только в архивах.
Рекомендуем скачать работу.