The concept of successful ageing in wartime: a review of western scientific sources

CONCLUSIONS

Over the past 50 years, “successful ageing” has become a globally recognized and influential concept that seeks to explain the ageing process. Over the past decades, it has evolved into a systemic, interdisciplinary model that seeks to explain the ageing process at different levels - political, social, physical, mental, and spiritual. However, contemporary literature contains almost no data on successful human ageing in periods of complex social change, such as war. As the analysis of the theoretical and methodological foundations of the concept of successful ageing has shown, numerous problematic and controversial issues hinder the answer to this query. Their identification is an important stage of methodological search, constitutes the scientific novelty of our study, and can contribute to both the development of the concept itself and its study in wartime.

The first group of these problems is mainly related to the theoretical and methodological definition of the concept. In particular, it is going about the vagueness of the concept of successful ageing with similar concepts, the blurring of the criteria for successful ageing and its operationalization. Despite all efforts, successful ageing still lacks a generally accepted definition, and its criteria often remain unclear to laypeople, researchers, and policymakers. This hinders the adequate use of the concept in specific research issues, including the study of successful ageing of older people in wartime. The second group of problems is related to the psychosocial and socio-cultural aspects of ageing in modern societies. The ideology of successful ageing provokes a set of ethical and social problems. These include an emphasis on personal control over the outcomes of late life and the existence of an implicit standard by which to assess the degree of “success” or “failure” of ageing. A related issue is the problem of objective socio-economic and socio-structural inequalities between people and the dominance of the Western model of successful ageing. The latter draws researchers to the idea of national, culturally determined narratives of successful ageing. The third group of issues is related to the diversity of predictors of successful ageing and the debate on the importance of its subjective, psychological, and spiritual determinants. Multidomain predictors of successful ageing are gaining recognition, and the importance of a person's subjective perception of the success of their own ageing is growing, which is closely related to the problem of discrepancies between subjective and objective indicators of successful ageing.

The presented research was problem-solving in nature and identified the most important areas for further scientific research. Successful ageing is not an “ideal” description of a progressive path of development in old age. However, this concept contributes to the fight against negative stereotypes of ageing, ageism, and stigmatization of this population category. This is extremely important in a society that is defending its freedom through numerous trials of war. Therefore, it is becoming increasingly important not only to answer the above questions, but also to intensify practical measures to ensure an optimal quality of life for all older people and to broadcast the image of old age and ageing that meets the needs of our society.

REFERENCES

1. Araujo, L., Ribeiro, O., Teixeira, L., & Paul, C. (2016). Successful aging at 100 years: The relevance of subjectivity and psychological resources. International Psychogeriatrics, 28(2), 179-188.

2. Baltes, P.B., & Baltes, M.M. (1990). Psychological perspectives on successful aging: The model of selective optimization with compensation. In P.B. Baltes & M.M. Baltes (Eds.), Successful aging: Perspectives from the behavioral sciences (pp. 1-34). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

3. Bandyopadhyay, S., & Singh, K. (2023). Successful aging in the Indian Socio-cultural Milieu. Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology, 38, 191-220

4. Beeris, C., Niemeijer, A.R., & Machielse, J.E.M. (2022). Count your life by smiles and tears: An integrative review on resilience and growing older. Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, 8.

5. Behr, L.C., Simm, A., Kluttig, A., & Grosskopf, A. (2023). 60 years of healthy aging: On definitions, biomarkers, scores and challenges. Ageing Research Reviews, 88, article number 101934.

6. Blanco-Molina, M., Pinazo-Hernandis, S., Montoro-Rodriguez, J., & Tomas, J.M. (2021). Testing a proactive model of successful aging among older adults in Costa Rica and Spain. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 93(1), 619-635.

7. Bowling, A. (2007). Aspirations for older age in the 21st century: What is successful aging? The International Journal of Aging & Human Development, 64(3), 263-297.

8. Brown, L.J., & Bond, M.J. (2016). Comparisons of the utility of researcher-defined and participant-defined successful ageing. Australasian Journal on Ageing, 35(1), E7-E12.

9. Calasanti, T. (2016). Combating ageism: How successful is successful aging? The Gerontologist, 56, 1093-1101.

10. Calasanti, T., & King, N. (2022). Successful aging, ageism, and the maintenance of age and gender relations. Nouvelles Questions Feministes, 41(1), 16-31.

11. Carpiniello, B. (2023). The mental health costs of armed conflicts - a review of systematic reviews conducted on refugees, asylum-seekers and people living in war zones. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(4), article number 2840.

12. Chang, H., Zhou, J., Chen, Y., Wang, X., & Wang, Z. (2023). Developmental trajectories of successful aging among older adults in China: Evidence from the China health and retirement longitudinal study. Geriatric Nursing, 51, 258265.

13. Chen, C., Goldman, D., Zissimopoulos, J., Rowe, J.W., & Research Network on an Aging Society. (2018). Multidimensional comparison of countries' adaptation to society aging. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(37), 9169-9174.

14. Cohen, A.A., Legault, V., & Fulop, T. (2020). What if there's no such thing as “aging”? Mechanisms of Ageing and Development, 192, article number 111344.

15. Cooney, T.M., & Curl, A.L. (2019). Transitioning from successful aging: A life course approach. Journal of Aging and Health, 31(3), 528-551.

16. Cosco, T.D., Howse, K., & Brayne, C. (2017). Healthy ageing, resilience and wellbeing. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 26(6), 579-583.

17. Cosco, T.D., Prina, A.M., Perales, J., Stephan, B.C., & Brayne, C. (2014). Operational definitions of successful aging: A systematic review. International Psychogeriatrics, 26, 373-381.

18. Depp, C.A., & Jeste, D.V. (2006). Definitions and predictors of successful aging: A comprehensive review of larger quantitative studies. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 14(1), 6-20.

19. Estebsari, F., Dastoorpoor, M., Khalifehkandi, Z.R., Nouri, A., Mostafaei, D., Hosseini, M., Esmaeili, R., & Aghababaeian, H. (2020). The concept of successful aging: A review article. Current Aging Science, 13(1), 4-10.

20. Feng, Q., & Straughan, P.T. (2017). What does successful aging mean? Lay perception of successful aging among elderly singaporeans. 'The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 72(2), 204-213.

21. Fernandez-Ballesteros Garcia, R., Zamarron Casinello, M.D., Lopez Bravo, M.D., Molina Martinez, M.A., Diez Nicolas, J., Montero Lopez, P., & Schettini del Moral, R. (2010). Successful aging: Criteria and predictors. Psicothema, 22(4), 641-647.

22. Fernandez-Ballesteros, R. (2019). The Concept of successful aging and related terms. In R. Fernandez-Ballesteros, A. Benetos, & J.-M. Robine (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of successful aging (pp. 6-22). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

23. Goldschmidt Elisee, P. (2016). Perception of aging and aging well among young seniors aged 65 to 75 and implications of the general practitioner: Qualitative investigation based on semi-structured interviews with thirteen patients and their five attending physicians (Doctoral thesis, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France).

24. Goshen, A., Goldbourt, U., Benyamini, Y., Shimony, T., Keinan-Boker, L., & Gerber, Y. (2022). Association of diet quality with longevity and successful aging in Israeli adults 65 years or older. JAMA Network Open, 5(6), article number e2214916.

25. Hamama-Raz, Y., Goodwin, R., Leshem, E., & Ben-Ezra, M. (2022). Can patriotism be a protective factor for symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder? The case of the Russia - Ukraine 2022 war. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 155, 100103.

26. Henrich, J., Heine, S.J., & Norenzayan, A. (2010). The weirdest people in the world? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 33(2-3), 61-83.

27. Hicks, M.M., & Conner, N.E. (2014). Resilient ageing: A concept analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 70(4), 744755.

28. Ho, M., Pullenayegum, E., Burnes, D., & Fuller-Thomson, E. (2022). Successful aging among immigrant and Canadian-born older adults: Findings from the Canadian longitudinal study on aging (CLSA). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19, article number 13199.

29. Hopflinger, F (2023). Population sociology: An introduction to demographic processes and population sociological approaches (basic texts in sociology) (3rd ed.). Weinheim: Beltz Juventa.

30. Iwamasa, G.Y., & Iwasaki, M. (2011). A new multidimensional model of successful aging: Perceptions of Japanese American older adults. Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology, 26, 261-278.

31. Jeste, D.V., Depp, C.A., & Vahia, I.V. (2010). Successful cognitive and emotional aging. World Psychiatry, 9(2), 78-84.

32. Kahana, E., & Kahana, B. (2001). Successful aging among people with HIV/AIDS. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 54(12 Suppl 1), S53-S56.

33. Kahana, E., Kelley-Moore, J., & Kahana, B. (2012). Proactive aging: A longitudinal study of stress, resources, agency, and well-being in late life. Aging & Mental Health, 16(4), 438-451.

34. Katz, S., & Calasanti, T. (2015). Critical perspectives on successful aging: Does it “appeal more than it illuminates?” The Gerontologist, 55(1), 26-33.

35. Kim, S.-H., & Park, S. (2017). A meta-analysis of the correlates of successful aging in older adults. Research on Aging, 39(5), 657-677.

36. Kleinedam, L., Thoma, M., Maercker, A., Bickel, H., Mosch, E., Hajek, A., Konig, H.H., Eisele, M., Mallon, T., Luck, T., Rohr, S., Weyerer, S., Werle, J., Pentzek, M., Fuchs, A., Wiese, B., Mamone, S., Scherer, M., Maier, W., Riedel- Heller, S.G., & Wagner, M. (2019). What is successful aging? A psychometric validation study of different construct definitions. The Gerontologist, 59(4), 738-748.

37. Kok, A.A., Aartsen, M.J., Deeg, D.J., & Huisman, M. (2015). Capturing the diversity of successful aging: An operational definition based on 16-year trajectories of functioning. The Gerontologist, 57(2), 240-251.

38. Kolly-Shamne, A.V. (2022). Socio-psychological online survey of Ukrainian forced migrants in the first months of the war in 2022: General characteristics of the study and methodological aspects of data collection on Facebook. Scientific Bulletin of Mukachevo State University. Series “Pedagogy and Psychology”, 8(3), 53-66.

39. Kusumastuti, S., Derks, M.G., Tellier, S., Di Nucci, E., Lund, R., Mortensen, E.L., & Westendorp, R.G. (2016). Successful ageing: A study of the literature using citation network analysis. Maturitas, 93, 4-12.

40. Laceulle, H. (2018). Aging and the ethics of authenticity. The Gerontologist, 58(5), 970-978.

41. Ludwig, C., Cavalli, S., & Oris, M. (2014). “Vivre/Leben/Viveree”: An interdisciplinary survey addressing progress and inequalities of aging over the past 30 years in Switzerland. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 59(2), 240-248.

42. Manierre, M. (2018). Successful present, successful future? Assessment of a nonbinary model of successful aging. 'The Gerontologist, 59(4), 727-737.

43. Martineau, A., & Plard, M. (2018). Successful aging: Analysis of the components of a gerontological paradigm. Geriatrie et Psychologie Neuropsychiatrie du Vieillissement, 16(1), 67-77.

44. Martinson, M., & Berridge, C. (2015). Successful aging and its discontents: A systematic review of the social gerontology literature. The Gerontologist, 55(1), 58-69.

45. McCarthy, V.L., & Bockweg, A. (2013). The role of transcendence in a holistic view of successful aging: A concept analysis and model of transcendence in maturation and aging. Journal of Holistic Nursing, 31(2), 84-92.

46. McLaughlin, S.J., Jette, A.M., & Connell, C.M. (2012). An examination of healthy aging across a conceptual continuum: Prevalence estimates, demographic patterns, and validity. The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 67(7), 783-789.

47. Menassa, M., Stronks, K., Khatmi, F, Roa Diaz, Z.M., Espinola, O.P., Gamba, M., Itodo, O.A., Buttia, C., Wehrli, F, Minder, B., Velarde, M.R., & Franco, O.H. (2023). Concepts and definitions of healthy ageing: A systematic review and synthesis of theoretical models. EClinicalMedicine, 56, article number 101821.

48. Merchant, R.A., Aprahamian, I., Woo, J., Vellas, B., & Morley, J.E. (2022). Resilience and successful aging. The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging, 26, 652-656.

49. Michel, J.P., & Sadana, R. (2017). “Healthy aging” concepts and measures. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 18(6), 460-464.

50. Morina, N., Malek, M., Nickerson, A., & Bryant, R.A. (2017). Meta-analysis of interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder and depression in adult survivors of mass violence in low- and middle-income countries. Depression and Anxiety, 34(8), 679-691.

51. Morina, N., Stam, K., Pollet, T.V., & Priebe, S. (2018). Prevalence of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder in adult civilian survivors of war who stay in war-afflicted regions. A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. Journal of Affective Disorders, 239, 328-338.

52. Nilsson, H., Bulow, P.H., & Kazemi, A. (2015). Mindful sustainable aging: Advancing a comprehensive approach to the challenges and opportunities of old age. Europe's Journal of Psychology, 11(3), 494-508. doi: 10.5964/ejop.v11i3.949.

53. Noubicier, A.F., & Charpentier, M. (2013). Successful aging: Perception of aged immigrant women from Black Africa in Montreal. Sante Mentale au Quebec, 38(2), 277-295

54. Oris, M. (2020). Demographic aging and the well-being of seniors. Progress and inequalities. Bulletin of the Swiss Academy of Human and Social Sciences, 2, 32-35.

55. Petretto, D.R., Pili, R., Gaviano, L., Matos Lopez, C., & Zuddas, C. (2016). Active ageing and success: A brief history of conceptual models. Revista Espanola de Geriatria y Gerontologia, 51(4), 229-241.

56. Phelan, E.A., & Larson, E.B. (2002). “Successful aging” - where next? Journal of the American Geriatric Society, 50(7), 1306-1308.

57. Plugge, M. (2021). Successful ageing in the oldest old: Objectively and subjectively measured evidence from a population-based survey in Germany. European Journal of Ageing, 18(4), 537-547.

58. Pruchno, R. (2015). Successful aging: Contentious past, productive future. The Gerontologist, 55(1), 1-4.

59. Pruchno, R.A., & Wilson-Genderson, M. (2015). A longitudinal examination of the effects of early influences and midlife characteristics on successful aging. The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 70(6), 850-859.

60. Rehkopf, D.H., Furstenberg, F.F., Elser, H., Jackson, C., Levy, N., Rowe, J.W., & Aging Society Research Network. (2022). A US state index of successful aging: Differences between states and over time. The Milbank Quarterly, 100(1), 102-133.

61. Rowe, J.W (2023). Successful aging: Evolution of a concept. The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging, 27, 194-195.

62. Rowe, J.W., & Kahn, R.L. (1987). Human aging: Usual and successful. Science, 237(4811), 143-149.

63. Rowe, J.W., & Kahn, R.L. (1997). Successful aging. The Gerontologist, 37(4), 433-440.

64. Rowe, J.W., & Kahn, R.L. (2015). Successful aging 2.0: Conceptual expansions for the 21st century. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 70(4), 593-596.

65. Rozanov, V., Franciskovic, T., Marinic, I., Macarenco, M.-M., Letica-Crepulja, M., Muzinic, L., Jayatunge, R., Sisask, M., Vevera, J., Wiederhold, B., Wiederhold, M., Miller, I., & Pagkalos, G. (2019). Mental health consequences of war conflicts. In A. Javed, & K.N. Fountoulakis (Eds). Advances in psychiatry (pp. 281-304). Cham: Springer.

66. Sato-Komata, M., Hoshino, A., Usui, K., & Katsura, T. (2015). Concept of successful ageing among the communitydwelling oldest old in Japan. British Journal of Community Nursing, 20(12), 586-592.

67. Senay, V. (2015). Losses related to aging and the use of depression (Master's thesis, University of Quebec in Montreal, Montreal, Canada).

68. Singh, N.S., Bogdanov, S., Doty, B., Haroz, E., Girnyk, A., Chernobrovkina, V., Murray, L.K., Bass, J.K., & Bolton, P.A. (2021). Experiences of mental health and functioning among conflict-affected populations: A qualitative study with military veterans and displaced persons in Ukraine. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 91(4), 499-513.

69. Stowe, J.D., & Cooney, T.M. (2015). Examining Rowe and Kahn's concept of successful aging: Importance of taking a life course perspective. The Gerontologist, 55(1), 43-50.

70. Strawbridge, W.J., Wallhagen, M.I., & Cohen, R.D. (2002). Successful aging and well-being: Self-rated compared with Rowe and Kahn. The Gerontologist, 42(6), 727-733.

71. Tannistha, S. (2018). Successful aging: Asian perspectives. Journal of Women & Aging, 30(3), 275-277.

72. Tholomier, A.C.C. (2017). Living and surviving in old age: Issues of social and health inequalities within the generations that lived through the 20th century (Doctoral thesis, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland).

73. Timonen, V. (2016). Beyond successful and active ageing: A theory of model ageing. Bristol: Bristol University Press.

74. Tokareva, N., Kolly-Shamne, A., & Makarenko, N. (2021). Intercultural features of the representation of the concept of “old age” in the language picture of the modern world. Psycholinguistics, 30(1), 224-248.

75. Urtamo, A., Jyvakorpi, S.K., & Strandberg, T.E. (2019). Definitions of successful ageing: A brief review of a multidimensional concept. Acta Biomedica, 90(2), 359-363.

76. Wahl, H.-W (2020). Aging successfully: Possible in principle? Possible for all? Desirable for all? Integrative Psychological & Behavioral Science, 54(2), 251-268.

77. Whitley, E., Popham, F., & Benzeval, M. (2016). Comparison of the Rowe - Kahn model of successful aging with selfrated health and life satisfaction: The West of Scotland Twenty-07 prospective cohort study. The Gerontologist, 56(6), 1082-1092.

78. Willoughby, L., Matsuo, H., Hale-Gallardo, J., & Goswami, S. (2017). The meaning of aging well among immigrants and refugees in the St. Louis region. Innovation in Aging, 1(Suppl 1), 123.

79. Young, Y., Frick, K.D., & Phelan, E.A. (2009). Can successful aging and chronic illness coexist in the same individual? A multidimensional concept of successful aging. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 10(2), 87-92.

80. Zhu, X., Zhang, X., Ding, L., Tang, Y., Xu, A., Yang, F., Qiao, G., Gao, X., & Zhou, J. (2023). Associations of pain and sarcopenia with successful aging among older people in China: Evidence from CHARLS. The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging, 27, 196-201.

Размещено на Allbest.ru