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Abstract

Intercultural Competence of Psychologists: Problems and Prospects of Study and Development

Nadezhda M. Melnikova, M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University The article is concerned with the problem of cross-cultural training of psychologists. The author analyses various approaches to the definition and development of intercultural competence and highlights professional and ethical problems of psychological activity related to cultural competence/incompetence of specialists.

Particular attention is paid to the specifics in training psychologists for cross-cultural counselling, the experience of organising psychological work in a multi-cultural environment, using the example of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), as well as some important aspects in how psychologists develop and manifest intercultural competence during ethnopsychological field studies. An analysis of the accumulated practical experience in a multicultural environment made it possible to identify the conditions for the successful development of cross-cultural competence, setting the psychologist's value foundations and motivational readiness to communicate with people of other cultures.

These conditions include:

(1) a humanistic approach in psychology;

(2) a subject- subject approach to communication;

(3) formation of scientific and professional thinking;

(4) purposeful development of such mechanisms of understanding other people as decentration and reflection; and

(5) mastering of conflict-resolution and group-work technologies. In this regard, the author concludes that the development of intercultural competence in the domestic psychologists' training system requires not only a detailed discussion of ethical issues related to the psychologist's activities or specifics of cross-cultural communication within the studied disciplines, but also the introduction of special cross-cultural communication development programmes and trainings in intercultural competence and cultural sensitivity.

The cross-cultural training of psychologists can be based on the working model of ethnocultural competence proposed by T.G. Stefanenko. It is emphasized that the development of intercultural competence should involve not only an individual person but the entire professional community through research and open discussion of the current state of cross-cultural competence of psychologists as well as the entire complex of ethical issues.

Key words: intercultural competence, ethnocultural competence, cultural sensitivity, cross-cultural training of psychologists, multicultural approach to counselling, ethical issues

Acknowledgements and Funding. The author is grateful to the staff of the Psychological Aid Centre, M.K. Ammosov NEFU, who participated in the discussion of client cases and supervision; special thanks are due to Natalya V. Okhlopkova, Doctor of Economics, Professor, for her kind invitation to participate in the Project for Innovative Development of the Northern Territories of Russia, and Eve Birgitte Karlsdotter Schietne, PhD, Professor, for our joint expeditions, the opportunity for the author to do an internship at the Arctic University of Norway (UiT Norges Arktiske Universitet) (Troms0) and repeated discussions of the cultural specifics of psychological work in the Arctic regions.

The article uses the data obtained:

- during the implementation of the joint Project on Innovative Development of the Northern Territories of Russia developed by the partners of the Thematic Network for Local and Regional Development of the University of the Arctic: Financial and Economic Institute, M.K. Ammosov NEFU, the Psychological Aid Centre, M.K. Ammosov NEFU, and Finnmark University College, Alta, Norway (2009-2012, 2013-2014, 2017);

- during the fulfillment by the creative team of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) of the State Order for creating a model for monitoring the socio- psychological health of the population in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) under the Program on comprehensive scientific research in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) aimed at developing the productive forces and social sphere for the period from 2016 till 2020, Set 1: Improving the quality of life of the population of Yakutia, Task 1.4: Development of measures ensuring the preservation of cultural and spiritual heritage; balancing the interests of indigenous people and migrant workers, taking into account their ethnic, linguistic, cultural and religious differences; improving the educational level of the population; assessing and forecasting the development of the educational system (2016).

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