It is also worth noting that one of the most popular programs in the Germany is Industry 4.0. The term "Industrie 4.0" was introduced in 2011, when the community of representatives of business, political and academic circles in Germany launched an initiative aimed at improving the competitiveness of German industry (Kagermann, Lukas, Wahlster, 2011). In the same year, Industry 4.0 was proclaimed a key strategy for the development of Germany in the field of innovative technologies. The German federal authorities have announced that it will become an integral part of the government's high-tech strategy under the general title Die Hightech Strategie 2020 fur Deutschland, which aims to achieve 2020 world leadership in technology innovation (Otto, 2014).

According to some studies, this program will increase Germany's GDP by 78 billion euros (Bauernhansl & Hompel, 2014) by 2025. Four key actors are responsible for implementing Industrie 4.0:

1. The German government, represented by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research and the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology;

2. The association of institutes of applied research;

3. German Academy of Technical Sciences in conjunction with the German Center for the Study of Artificial Intelligence.

4. The private sector is represented by three trade associations - BITCOM from the sphere of IT, VDMA from the manufacturing industries and ZVEI from the sphere of electronics (Muller, 2014).

The likelihood of success of Industrie 4.0 can be discussed for two reasons: Germany plays a leading role in the global market for manufactured products, and it is also a leader in industrial research aimed at increase in production efficiency. The Industrie 4.0 project provides the country with the opportunity to establish itself as the world leader in the supply of high-value industrial products.

The program Industrie 4.0 is a complex, large-scale and multi-level system, which is based on the idea of integrating physical and intellectual-software operations and processes into a single material and information space. This program consists of six subsystems:

1. product life cycle management;

2. support for large-scale databases;

3. the construction of "smart" plants;

4. the formation of cyber-physical systems;

5. the creation of the "Internet of things" - IoT;

6. achieving the interoperability of "nodes".

Thus, Industrie 4.0 is a combination of technologies that allow you to create an effective business model of an enterprise. High efficiency is achieved mainly due to the rational management of automation systems of production operations and related processes integrated into a single information "area". The position of Germany as a leader in the development and implementation of innovative technologies speaks in favor of the attainability of the task of building cyber-physical systems capable of combining the real world with the virtual one.

The ability for various components to "communicate" via the Internet or local networks opens up incredible prospects. On "smart manufactures", machines will be able to transmit information to each other via a single network protocol, as well as to direct logistics and business systems of consumers and suppliers.

Equipment and hardware, receiving information about changes in requirements, will be able to independently make adjustments to the workflow, and production systems will be able to self-diagnose.

Industry 4.0 will contribute to tailor-made mass production, and this will reduce the price of products due to the flexibility and adaptability provided by cyber-physical systems. Already, there is a steady trend towards a shift from rigid centralized management of production processes to a decentralized model for collecting, processing information and making decisions. Moreover, the level of autonomy of production and related processes is constantly growing.

3.5 Results

Russia already has an infrastructure of science and innovations (technology parks, development institutions) that will be used for the development of the digital economy.

The means of implementing the strategy are digital technologies. The project provides support for existing and implemented technologies, as well as the creation and development of new ones. Below is a list of the main technologies that will be used in implementing the adopted program:

1. Big Data (big data);

2. Artificial Intelligence;

3. the wireless technology (countrywide access to 5G network);

4. the virtual and augmented reality technologies;

5. the expanding the spread of the Internet.

As with any solution to the problem posed, the introduction of the digital economy has two types of consequences - positive and negative. Consider first the positive implications of the introduction of the digital economy:

1. the ubiquity of the Internet;

2. the development of the banking sector;

3. the expansion of the electronic services market;

4. the improvement of urban infrastructure;

5. the availability of training materials;

6. the emergence of an increasingly modern computer technology.

7. the availability of ICT;

8. the ability of the population to use ICT due to the availability of basic educational skills related to the quality of the educational system, adult literacy and the level of secondary education enrollment;

9. the development of ICT infrastructure (mobile network coverage, Internet bandwidth, availability of digital content);

10. ICT penetration and diffusion at the individual level. The number of Internet users was considered as one of the indicators.

For example, the Internet audience in Russia at the end of 2017 reached 89 million people (73% of the population aged 12 to 64 years), which is 3% more than in 2016. At the same time, about 60% of the population of the Russian Federation use the Internet, including via mobile devices, and 20% of the population of the country - only from mobile devices.

Consider further the negative effects of the introduction of digital technologies in the economy:

1. the increase in cybercrime: according to a report on the statistics of security threats compiled by Microsoft, in the first quarter of 2017, 14.8% of computers in Russia were exposed to malware, while in the world this figure was 9%;

2. the legal insecurity of people against cybercrime due to incomplete legislative framework;

3. the lack of qualified personnel: according to a study by the Internet Initiatives Development Fund (IIDF), by 2027, the economy will experience a shortage of 2 million IT professionals. At the end of 2016, there were 1.9 million IT specialists in Russia (2.4% of the working-age population of Russia). The same indicator for the USA, Germany and Great Britain was 4.3%;

4. the shortage of graduates of technical universities: about 60,000 IT specialists graduate every year (with higher and secondary special education). The IIDF notes in its study that, in order to eliminate the shortage of personnel, it is necessary to carry out an extra 40,000 people annually;

5. the technological vulnerability of the created digital infrastructure: as an example, it is enough to bring the evacuation of cars due to the non-working parking payment service, or return to the "live" queue in case of malfunctions in the electronic queue systems in state institutions;

6. the rapid obsolescence of equipment and, as a result, problems of its disposal: disused electronics are taken to landfills in third world countries. The largest known landfill, Agbogbloshi, is located in Ghana, one of the poorest countries in West Africa.

For the progress of the information economy to be speedy, the state plans to create all the technical and financial conditions. A lot of attention and energy is invested in the development of telecommunication and computer technologies. Anti-virus programs are installed on all devices brought from abroad, thereby advancing Russian software. The President of the Russian Federation compared this global program in importance with the country's general electrification in the early 20th century. In order to implement the development, the introduction of information technologies in all spheres of life is planned to create about 50 "smart cities", with special information platforms where people can offer their ideas and participate in the management of the city. Events will be held in such cities, which will be based on creating greater comfort for people and on improving their lives. Finish of this project is planned in 2025. By this time, broadband coverage of the Internet should be created, even in the most remote corners of Russia. For that the state undertakes to support enterprises and organizations that work in the IT sphere (Putin, 2016).

4.3 Budget

Today, the digital economy is one of the most important factors of economic growth and the formation of a new quality of life. Leaders of the world economy consider digitalization as a priority direction of innovative development of production and economic systems of various levels and a tool for ensuring competitive advantages in the long term. In Russia, one can expect a confident development of the digital economy, since the transition to it is beneficial both for companies and for the state. With the help of digital transformation, a country can achieve greater success in the economic, technological and social spheres. At the same time, suppliers of IT solutions can participate in the formation of new business processes, thereby obtaining more opportunities for development in the market and increasing profits.

With the use of digital technologies, the daily life of a person, industrial relations, the structure of the economy, education, as well as new requirements for communications, computing power, information systems and services are changing.

Currently, informational data is becoming a significant asset mainly due to their alternative value and application in new goals for the implementation of innovative ideas. The digital economy is represented by the following three levels, which in close interaction affect the lives of citizens, society as a whole and the human resources of the organization in particular:

1. Markets and industries (areas of activity), where the interaction of specific subjects takes place (suppliers and consumers of goods, works and services).

2. Platforms and technologies where competencies are formed for the development of markets and industries (fields of activity).

3. The environment that creates the conditions for the development of platforms and technologies and the effective interaction of market entities and sectors of the economy (spheres of activity) and covers regulations, information infrastructure, personnel and information security.

The transformation vector of remuneration systems is formed at the third level of the digital economy, where conditions are created for its development: regulation, personnel and education, the formation of research competencies and technological groundwork. Personnel remuneration, which, in our opinion, is one of the elements of the regulatory framework, should take into account the requirements of the Digital Economy of the Russian Federation program. The main objective of the third level of the digital economy is the formation of a new regulatory environment that provides a favorable legal regime for the emergence and development of modern technologies, as well as for the implementation of economic activities related to their use. At this level, it is assumed (Bobkov, 2017):

1. the creation of a permanent mechanism for managing changes and competencies (knowledge) in the field of digital economy regulation;

2. removal of key legal restrictions and the organization of individual legal institutions aimed at solving the priorities of the digital economy;

3. the formation of a comprehensive legislative regulation of relations arising in connection with the development of the digital economy;

4. the adoption of measures aimed at stimulating economic activities related to the use of modern technologies, the collection and use of data;

5. the formation of a policy for the development of the digital economy in the territory of the Eurasian Economic Union, the harmonization of approaches to normative legal regulation;

6. the creation of a methodological basis for the development of competencies in the field of regulation of the digital economy.

The implementation of the above provisions occurs if the labor resources are in constant online access and interaction, which implies the need to adapt them to changing information requirements. These changes entail a transformation of the organization of work, its focus on targeted forms of management and the formation of teams. An integral part of the transformation is a focus on the development of entrepreneurship. There is a blurring of the boundaries between work and leisure in order to achieve a balance between personal life and professional employment. Such features affect the transformation of remuneration systems, which should be based on changes in value orientations and the development of non-standard forms of labor relations. Due to the fact that the dynamism of economic transformations goes in parallel with the change of generations, which are conventionally divided into X, Y, Z, then value orientations undergo changes. In contrast to older generations focused on traditional values, representatives of the digital generation Y were the first to recognize the creative potential of combining world science on the Web. At the same time, the result obtained by each employee and, accordingly, the remuneration depends not on his knowledge, but on his personal abilities to navigate network communications. Generation Z cannot imagine itself without virtual reality, actively uses a wireless Internet connection, which makes it more independent and mobile. This contributes to the development of non-standard labor relations, manifested primarily in such non-standard forms of employment as leasing, outsourcing, insourcing (Bobkov, 2017).

Recommendations

Countries with developed economies emphasize their competitive advantages, which can contribute to global leadership in one or more areas of the global digital economy. For example, Germany is superior to many countries in using global finance, the United States on the Internet of Things, and China on the export of digital technologies. The program of Russia has not yet revealed its competitive advantages - only the directions that need to be developed are noted, and "road maps" have been created for these directions, which will be edited over time. Therefore, for the time being, we can only conclude that Russia is going to enter the global digital space in the "second roles". In the most negative scenario the main danger of such an approach is a transition to a society with growing social stratification and users of robotic achievements, who receive an unconditional basic income, will begin degradation.

To stimulate the processes of digitalization, the work should be carried out in three directions:

1. the development of people, including both the education of qualified IT specialists and the increase in information literacy of the population;

2. the development of information technology and infrastructure;

3. the formation of transparent and predictable regulatory standards.

In particular, governments can take the following actions to stimulate the development of Russian digital infrastructure and improve the investment climate:

1. development of the regulatory framework in line with modern requirements;

2. creation of conditions for the free movement of information;

3. stimulation of competition in the field of ICT and the use of digital technologies by small and medium-sized businesses, encouraging innovation;

4. development and introduction of new standards in the field of ICT;

5. promotion of the development of electronic commerce;

6. adoption of additional measures to protect consumers in transactions and transactions using the Internet;

7. intensification of work to increase the confidence of businesses and citizens in the use of ICT, including by increasing the level of network security and strengthening control over the use of personal data by companies; it is also advisable to study the issue of developing a law on the right of consumers to privacy and codes of conduct regarding the use of received information and face recognition technology by platforms and mobile applications;

8. development of a strategy for trusted identification in cyberspace;

9. improvement of the effectiveness of copyright protection, strengthening the fight against illegal content on the Internet; conducting a copyright study in a digital economy;

10. facilitation of business access to national innovative platforms and cloud services;

11. development of Russian trade missions in key countries, though inclusion of specialists in digital technologies to promote the export of high-tech products;

12. expansion of public services through the further introduction of the concept of e-government;

13. improvement of e-government, including by expanding public access to information by government departments, storing documents in the cloud, provided that they are properly protected, and the principle of single presentation of documents is implemented.

14. creation of conditions for retaining qualified professionals and businesses in the country, as well as for attracting foreign investors to Russia;

15. development of a network of accelerators, business incubators and special economic zones operating on preferential terms under state support programs in close partnership with big business throughout the country;

16. usage of active governmental leverage for large companies, including considering possible mechanisms for additional tax incentives to stimulate demand for innovation on their part;

17. promotion of direct private investment through crowdfunding platforms, in particular, to create a regulatory framework for the operation of such sites.

In the context of the implementation of the digital agenda, Russia should make maximum use of German, American and Chinese experience in lifting unjustified restrictions on the cross-border movement of digital content, creating a European cloud resource, and including information and communication standards in the catalog.

An analysis of international trends in digital transformation suggests that at the moment there is no ideal version of a national strategy that can be used as a model by other countries, including Russia. Even a high degree of globalization of the economy does not allow to unify these programs.

Conclusion