Effect of Salvia officinalis and S. sclarea on rats with a high-fat hypercaloric diet
Phytotherapy is widely used to correct overweight. A comprehensive study of herbal preparations on the body of model animals has been carried out for only a few plant species. Supplementation of the diet of rats with closely related species of sage.
| Рубрика | Медицина |
| Вид | статья |
| Язык | английский |
| Дата добавления | 09.05.2022 |
| Размер файла | 257,8 K |
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The influence of sage and medicinal preparations made with it on the nervous system attracts considerable interest of researchers (Cavalcante et al., 2018; Dinel et al., 2020). Ther study revealed significant neuroprotection in the MTT assay by 39.5% and inhibition ofintracellular ROS by 61.4% caused by eighty percent methanol extracts of S. sclarea in 100 pg/mL concentration (Tavakkoli et al., 2014). In the future, researchers may discover new natural therapeutic agents for treating disorders such as Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases (Tavakkoli et al., 2014). A group of female patients exposed to vapours of S. sclarea essential oil were observed to have a significant decreases in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and respiratory rate compared with the control (Seol et al., 2013). Inhaling S. sclarea essential oil statistically significantly reduced the respiratory rate.
Salvia sclarea oil contains two times more omega-3 fatty acids than other Salvia species, which take part in eicosanoid synthesis and contain significant levels of monoterpane linalool, a psychoactive ingredient (Gross et al., 2013). In dominant mice, pregnant mothers of which received S. sclarea oil-enriched food from the date of conception, dominant and anxiety behaviour significantly decreased, compared with their counterparts treated with sunflower oil. A similar tendency and a prominent reduction in blood corticosterone levels were seen in submissive mice treated with S. sclarea oil (Gross et al., 2013). These data and findings confirm the hypothesis that S. sclarea oil has anxiolytic properties.
In the study, where rats were intraperitoneally injected or inhaled essential oils (Seol et al., 2010), 5% (v/v) S. sclarea oil had the strongest antistress effect in rats during the forced swim test. However, pre-treatment with buspirone (a 5-HT1A agonist), SCH-23390 (a D-1 receptor antagonist) and haloperidol (a D-2, D-3, and D-4 receptor antagonist) significantly blocked the anti-stress effect of S. sclarea oil (Seol et al., 2010). The antidepressant-like effect taken by oil from S. sclarea oil is related to the modulation of the dopaminergic pathway.
In our study, the behavioural responses of rats from the experimental groups which consumed dry crushed sage shoots with high-fat diet had changed by the end of the experiment compared with the control group. Thus, consuming S. officinalis caused only significant decrease in rats' physical activity. At the same time, S. sclarea caused decrease of physical activity at the level of tendency, significant decrease in orientational activity, and decrease in the emotional status of experimental animals.
Therefore, further research will be aimed at studying the effects of different doses of extracts from these medicinal plants (S. officinalis and S. sclarea) on the organism of laboratory animals during various metabolic disorders at the tissue, cellular and subcellular levels.
Conclusions
The addition of closely related sage species from the same genus (Salvia officinalis L. and S. sclarea L.) to the food of rats caused multidirectional changes in their metabolism. The addition of S. officinalis to the diet led to sharp increase in body weight (up to 130.8% of the initial weight for 30 days of the experiment). The body weight of the rats that had been treated with S. sclarea increased only by 103.8% of their initial weight and was lower than in the control group. Oil from S. officinalis increased daily weight gain up to 1771 pg/day (253.1% of the control group), and S. sclarea - decreased it to 194 pg/day (27.8% of the control group). In the group that had received S. officinalis, the relative weight of the brain (77.7% of control), spleen (80.4%), and thymus (59.1%) decreased. In the group treated with S. sclarea, the relative weight of the thymus decreased (43.4%) and the relative weight of the colon increased (159.7% to the control group).
Under the influence of S. officinalis, the concentrations of urea (78.3%), total bilirubin (59.5%) and triglycerides (67.1%) decreased, and the concentration of total protein (109.8%) and the activity of alkaline phosphatase (435.1% of control) increased. Consumption of S. sclarea shoots increased the activity of alkaline phosphatase (276.5%), drastically decreases the atherogenic index (23.1% of the level of the control group) as a result of increasing the concentration of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (286.9%) and decreasing the concentration of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (67.7%). Also, in rats that had received S. sclarea, we observed increase in the concentration of cholesterol (128.5%) and decrease in the concentration of triglycerides (39.9%), decrease in the activity of gamma-glutamyl transferase (62.8%) and increase in the Ca/P ratio (up to 132.5% of the control group). No significant changes were observed in CBC and WBC differential of male rats that consumed S. officinalis and S. sclarea shoots.
According to the results of the open field test, the physical and orientational activity ofmale rats under the influence of S. officinalis significantly decreased by the end of the experiment. Emotional status of rats, on the contrary, decreased when they ate S. sclarea dry crushed shoots in the composition of their food.
Thus, excess body weight against the background of hypercaloric diet in rats led, in general, to more pronounced deviations from the norm when the animals ate S. officinalis dry crushed shoots. And vice versa, the addition of dry crushed shoots of S. sclarea to the diet of animals normalized body weight in comparison with the control group, and reduced the negative manifestations of obesity at the biochemical and organismal levels. According to these results, the substances contained in S. sclarea should be carefully studied for anti-atherosclerotic activity, and tea supplemented with S. sclarea shoots can be recommended as a corrective supplement in the diet of overweight people.
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