The effects of melatonin administration in determined times of day on the kidney in rats with high-calorie diet-induced obesity

Other studies also noted the beneficial effects of melatonin therapy on the kidney morpho-functional state of in animals with obesity and other metabolic diseases. In various animal models associated with experimental pyelonephritis, renal insufficiency, hypertension, diabetes and various variants of nephrotoxicity, melatonin reduces oxidative stress, suppresses chronic inflammation and limit apoptosis [34-36].

Melatonin had also effect on the general body weight. During obesity development relative visceral fat weight is the most sensitive criterion for assessing obesity in animals [37].

Relative visceral fat weight (Fig. 4) in HCD increased by 65 % compare to control. HCD ZT11 did not differ from control, but show significance to HCD: by 38,5 %. Melatonin administration in group M ZT11 did not influence on relative visceral fat weight.

Fig. 4 The morphometric analysis data of the rats' relative visceral fat weight Notes: * -a significant difference between the control and experimental groups, p < 0.05; # -a significant difference between the HCD and xperimental groups, p < 0.05

In the same study melatonin also demonstrate attenuation of pathology changes during obesity: in rabbits with HCD induced obesity melatonin administration (subcutaneously in a dose of 1 mg/kg daily 2-3 h before lights- off for 4 weeks) provide disappearance of interstitial foam cells with multiple tiny intracytoplasmic fat droplets that displace in the renal tubules [38]. In alloxan-treated diabetic rats after melatonin (200 |jg/ animal/day by gavage for 8 weeks in the morning between 9 AM and 11 AM) intervention ameliorated degenerative changes in Bowman's capsule with marked expansion in Bowman's space and necrosed tubular wall [39]. Amelioration of streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats by melatonin (dose of 10 mg/kg/day for 30 day by intraperitoneal injection) that manifestation in tubules was markedly reduced of TGFЯ-1, but also explored mild epithelial desquamation in tubules and hydropic degeneration in some tubular cells [40]. For the choose a uni effective protocol of melatonin administration further study are needed in the chronotherapy key [41].

Conclusions

Thus, it has been established that obesity induced high-calorie diet leads to significant changes in the morphological structure of the kidneys. It has been shown that daily administration of melatonin in a dose of 30 mg/kg for 1 hour before light-off to obese rats leads to improvement of the kidneys morpho-functional state. Namely, the reduction of the pathological changes manifestation in the tubules (the disappearance of intracellular lipid droplets and protein aggregates in the lumen of the tubule) and in the glomeruli (reduction of mesangial site with extraglomerular cells and capsule space) of the kidneys compared with obese animals. In this case, the cross-sectional area of the kidney glomeruli grows, but does not reach the level of control values. While the number of renal glomeruli returns to the level of control groups.

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