Основы менеджмента

273. Terence R. Mitchell, «Motivation, New Directions for Theory, Research, and Practice», Academy of Management Review, vol. 7, no. 1 (1982), p. 85.

274. Abraham Maslow, «A Theory of Human Motivation», Psychological Review, no. 50 (1943), pp. 370-396.

275. H. A. Murray, Explorations in Personality (New York: Oxford University Press, 1968).

276. Calvin S. Hall and Gardner Lindsey, Theories of Personality (New York: Wiley, 1957), p. 326.

277. Maslow, op, cit.

278. Terence R. Mitchell, People in Organizations (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1978), p. 157.

279. Mason Haire, E. Ghiselli, and L. Porter, Managerial Thinking: An International Study (New York: Wiley, 1966).

280. Geert Hofstede, «Motivation, Leadership and Organization: Do American Theories Apply Abroad?» Organizational Dynamics, Summer 1980, pp. 42-66.

281. M. A. Wahba and L. G. Bridgewell, «Maslow Reconsidered: A Review of Research on the Need Hierarchy Theory», Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, vol. 15 (1976), pp. 212-240.

282. Edward E. Lawler, Motivation in Work Organizations (Monterey, Calif.: Brooks/Cole, 1973).

283. Mitchell, People in Organizations.

284. David C. McClelland, «The Two Faces of Power», Journal of International Affairs, vol. 24 (1970), pp. 30-41.

285. Ibid., p. 30.

286. F. Herzberg, В. Mauser, and В. В. Snyderman, The Motivation to Work (New York: Wiley, 1959).

287. Frederick Herzberg, «One More Time: How Do You Motivate Employees?» Harvard Business Review, January-Febrary 1968, pp. 56-57.

288. Robert House and L. A. Wigdor, «Herzberg's Dual Factor Theory of Job Satisfaction and Motivation: A Review of the Evidence and a Criticism», Personnel Psychology, vol. 20 (1967), pp. 369-389.

289. . Don Hellriegal and Jojn W. Slocum, Management: Contingency Approaches, 2nd ed. (Reading, Mass.: Addison- Wesley, 1978), p. 346.

290. Victor H. Vroom, Work and Motivation (New York: Wiley, 1964); Lyman W. Porter and Edward E. Lawler, Managerial Attitudes and Performance Homewood, III.: Irwin, 1968).

291. J. S. Livingston, «Myth of the Well-Educated Manager», Harvard Business Review, vol. 49 (January-February 1971), pp.79-89.

292. Terence R. Mitchell, «Expectancy Models of Job Satisfaction, Occupational Preference and Effort: A Theoretical, Methodological, and Empirical Appraisal», Psychological Bulletin, vol. 81 (1974), pp. 1053-1077;Robert J. House, H. Jack Shapiro, and Mahmoud A. Wahba, «Expectancy Theory as a Predictor of Work Behavior and Attitudes: A Reevaluation of Empirical Evicence», Decision Sciences, vol. 5 (July 1974), pp. 481-506.

293. Leon Reinharth and Mahmoud Wahba, «Expectancy Theory as a Predictor of Work Motivation, Effort Expenditure, and Job Performance», Academy of Management Journal, vol. 18 (1975), pp. 520-573; Henry Т. Sims, Jr., Andrew D. Szilagyi, and Dale R. McKemey, «Antecedents of Work Related Expectancies», Academy of Management Journal, vol. 19 (1976), pp. 547-559.

294. Terry Connolly, «Some Conceptual and Methodological Issues in Expectancy Models of Work Performance Motivation», Academy of Management Review, vol. 1 (1976), pp. 37-47.

295. David G. Kuhn, John W. Slocum, and Richard D. Chase, «Does Job Performance Affect Employee Satisfaction?» Personnel Journal, June 1971, pp. 455-459, 485; Jay R. Schuster, Barbara dark, and Miles Rogers, «Testing Portions of the Porter-Lawler Model Regarding the Motivation of Pay», Journal of Applied Psychology, June 1971, pp. 187-195; J. Stacey Adams, «Inequity in Social Exchange», in Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 2nd ed., ed. L. Berkowitz (New York: Academic Press, 1965), pp. 267-300.

296. Paul S. Goodman and Abraham Friedman, «An Examination of Adams's Theory of Inequity», Administrative Sciences Quarterly, vol. 16 (1971), pp. 271 -288; Michael R. Carrell and John E. Dittrich, «Equity Theory: The Recent Literature, Methodological Considerations, and New Directions», Academy of Management Review, vol. 3 (April 1978), pp. 202-210.

297. Porter and Lawler, op. cit.

298. D. O. Jorgenson, M. D. Bennett, and R. D. Pritchard, «Effects of the Manipulation of a Performance-Reward Contingency on Behavior in a Simulated Work Setting», Journal of Applied Psychology, vol. 57 (1973), pp. 271-280.

299. William F. Glueck, Personnel: A Diagnostic Approach, 3rd ed. (Plano, Тех.: Business Publications, 1982), p. 455.

300. Ibid., p. 456.

301. Edward E. Lawler, Pay and Organizational Effectiveness: A Psychological View (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1971).

302. Clueck, op. cit., p. 458.

303. Lawler, Pay and Organizational Effectiveness, p. 167.

304. Richard I. Henderson, «Short Term Incentives», Compensation Management: Rewarding Performance (Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall, 1988).

305. Peter F. Drucker, Management: Tasks, Responsibilities, Practices (New York: Harper & Row, 1973).

306. Richard A. Smith, Corporations in Crisis (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1963), pp. 207-249.

307. William H. Newman, Constructive Control: Design and Use of Control Systems (Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall, 1975), p. 33.

308. Martin R. Moser, «Measuring Performance in R&D Settings», Research Management, September-October, 1985, pp. 31-32.

309. D. Searfoss and R. Monszka, «Perceived Participation in the Budget Process and Motivation to Achieve the Budget», Academy of Management Journal (December 1973), pp. 541-554.

310. «Gillette: A New Shampoo Aims for More of the Unisex Market», Business Week, April 3,1978, pp. 96-97.

311. John P. Kotter, Organizational Dynamics: Diagnosis and Intervention (Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1978), p. 30.

312. David R. Hampton, Charles E. Summer, and Ross A Webber, Organizational Behavior and the Practice of Management (Glenview, Ill.: Scott, Foresman, 1973), pp. 531-532.

313. Frank J. Jasinski, «Use and Misuse of Efficiency Controls», Harvard Business Review, July-August 1956, pp. 105-112.

314. D. Granick, The Red Executive (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1960).

315. Newman, op. cit.

316. Ibid.; G. H. Hofstede, The Came of Budget Control (London: Tavistock, 1968).

317. Searfoss and Monezka, op. cit.

318. Rick Hunt, Linda Garrett, and C. Mike Merz, «Direct Labor Cost Not Always Relevant at H-P», Management Accounting, February 1985, pp. 58-62.

319. Arvind V. Phatak, International Dimensions of Management (Boston: Kent, 1938), p. 134.

320. Ibid., pp. 135-136.

321. John Dearden, «MIS Is a Mirage», Harvard Business Review, January-February 1972, p. 90.

322. W. H. Weiss, «Improving Your MIS», Administrative Management, September 1976.

323. J. L. Sardinas, Computing Today: An Introduction to Business Data Processing (Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall, 1981), p. 421.

324. «A New Era for Management», Business Week, April 25,1983, pp. 68, 70.

325. G. Anthony Gorry and Michael Scott Morion, «A Framework for Management Information Systems», Sloan Management Review, vol. 13 (Fall 1971), p. 57. This framework was originally developed in Robert N. Anthony, Planning and Control Systems (Boston: Graduate School of Business Administration, Harvard University, 1965).

326. J. С. Henderson and R. R. McDaniel, «A Network Model for Personalized Information Systems», Working Paper Series, 76-5 (Columbus: College of Administrative Science, Ohio Slate University, 1976).

327. Russell E. Ackoff, «Management Misinformation Systems», Management Science, December 1967, p. 147.

328. Ibid., p. 154.

329. Arnold Barnett, «Preparing Management for MIS», Journal of Systems Management, vol. 23, no. 1 (January 1972).

330. R. Herzlinger, «Why Data Systems in Non-Profit Organizations Fail», Harvard. Business Review, vol. 55, no. 1 (1977), pp. 81-86.

331. «Information Processing: 'What If' Help for Management», Business Week, January 21,1980, p. 73.

332. «Helping Decisionmakers Get at Data», Business Week, September 13,1982, p. 118.

333. Marvin E. Shaw, Group Dynamics: The Psychology of Small Group Behavior (New York; McGraw-Hill, 1971), p.107.

334. M. A. Verespet, «Mission Extraordinary? Call for a Task Force», Industry Week, October 1981, pp. 6-72.

335. W.E. Burrows, «Cockpit Encounters», Psychology Today, vol. 16, no. 11 (November 1982), p. 43.

336. Elton Mayo, The Human Problems of an Industrial Civilization (New York: Macmillan, 1933), chaps. 3-5.

337. Ibid., p. 74.

338. F. J. Roethlisberger and William J. Dickson, Management and the Worker (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1949), p. 419.

339. Milton L. Blum and James C. Naylor, Industrial Psychology (New York: Harper & Row, 1968), p. 313.

340. William G. Scott and T. R. Mitchell, Organization Theory: A Structural and Behavioral Analysis (Homewood, III.: Irwin, 1972), p. 28.

341. Alex Carey, «The Hawthorne Studies; A Radical Criticism», American Sociological Review, June 1967, pp. 403-414.

342. Leonard S. Sayles and George Strauss, Human Behavior in Organizations (Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall, 1966), p. 89.

343. Elton Mayo, «Irrationality and Revery», Journal of Personnel Research, March 1923.

344. David L. Ford, Jr., «Facets of Work Support and Employee Work Outcomes: An Exploratory Analysis», Journal of Management, vol. 11 (Fall-Winter 1985), pp. 5-20; John P. Wanous, Arnon E. Reichers, and S. P. Mallik, «Organizational Socialization and Group Development: Toward an Integrative Perspective», Academy of Management Review, vol.9 (October 1984), pp. 670-683; Paul S. Goodman, Designing Effective Work Groups (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1986), pp. 192-193.

345. D. M. Kipnis, «Interaction Between Members of Bomber Crews as a Determinant of Sociometric Choice», Human Relations, vol. 10 (1957), pp. 263-270.

346. Clayton P. Alderf and Ken K, Smith, «Studying Intergroup Relations Embedded in Organizations», Administrative Science Quarterly, vol. 27 (March 1982), pp. 35-65.

347. Lawreace S. Wrishtsman, Social Psychohgy in the Seventies (Monterey, Calif.: Brooks/Cole, 1972), pp. 418-419.

348. William Scott, «Organization Theory: An Overview and Appraisal», Academy of Management Journal, vol. 4 (1961), pp. 7-26.

349. Kenneth D. Benne and Paul Sheats, «Functional Roles of Group Members», Journal of Social Issues, vol. 4 (1948), pp. 41-49.

350. George С. Homans, The Human Group (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1950).

351. Scott, op. cit; Keith Davis, Human Behavior at Work (New Yoric MrGraw-Hill, 1977).

352. Davis, op.dt, p. 273.

353. R.C. Davis, Fundamentals of Top Management (New York: Harper & Row, 1951); Keith Davis, Human Relations in Business (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1957).

354. R. Tillman, «Problems in Review: Committees on Trial», Harvard Business Review, vol. 38 (1960), pp. 6-S,

355. G.E. Manners, Jr., «Another Look at Group Size, Group Problem Solving, and Member Consensus», Acadmy of Management Journal, vol. 18, no. 4 (1975), pp. 715-724; EJ. Thomas and OF. Fink, «Effects of Group Size», Psychological Bulletin, vol. 60 (1963), pp. 371-384.

356. R. Hackman and N. Vidmar, «Effects of Size and Task Type on Group Performance and Member Reactions», Sociometry, vol 33 (1970), pp. 37-54; P.E. Slater, «Contrasting Correlate» of Group Size», Sociametry, vol. 21 (1958), pp. 129-139.

357. L.R. Hoffman, «Homogeneity of Member Peraonality and Its Effect on Group Problem Solving», Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, vol. 58 (1959), pp. 27.32; L.R. Hoffman and N.R. Maier, «Quality and Acceptance of Problem Solutions by Members of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Groups», Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, vol. 62 (1961), pp. 401-407; E.E. Chiselli and T.M. Lodahl, «Patterns of Managerial Traits and Group Effectiveness», Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, vol. 57 (1958), pp. 61-66.

358. John В. Miner, The Management Process (New York- Macmillan, 1973), pp. 194-195.

359. Mark Alexander, «Organizational Norms», The 1977 Handbook for Group Facilitators (La Jolla, Calif.: University Associate», 1977), p. 123.

360. Andre P.C De La Pone, «Group Norms: Key to Building a Winning team». Personnel, September-October 1974, pp. 60-67.

361. Ibid; K.N. Werieyand GA Yuki, Organizational Behavior and Personnel Psychology (Homewood, Ш,: Irwin, 1977).

362. Irving Janis, Group Think (Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1972).

363. P.A. Collaros and L.R. Anderson, «Effect of Perceived Expertness upon Creativity of Members of Brainslonning Groups», Journal of Applied Psychology, vol. 53 (1969), pp. 159-163; E.P. Torrance, «Some Consequences of Power Differences on Decision Making in Permanent and Temporary Three-Man Groups», in Small Groups: Studies in Social Interaction, ed. A.P. Hare, E.F. Borgatta, and R.F. Bells (New York: Knopf, 1955), pp. 482-491.

364. Richard Т. Pascale and Anthony G. Athos, The Art of Japanese Management (New York Warner Books, 1981), pp. 198-199.

365. Leland P. Bradford, Making Meetings Work (La Jolla, Calif.: University Associates, 1976).

366. Rose Ragsdale, «Bank America Alters Its Lending Practice», San Francisco Examiner, December 7,1986, pp. Dl.4.

367. Cyril O'Donnell, «Group Rules for Using Committees», Management Review, vol. 50, no. 10 (October 1961), pp. 63-67.

368. С. Northcote Parkinson, Paridnson's Law and Other Studies in Administration (Boston: IIougtiton-Mifflin, 1957).

369. Anthony Jay, Management and Machiavelli. New York: Holt. Rinehan and Winston, 1967; Michael Korda, Power! (New York: Random House. 1975).

370. Henry Mintzberg, The Nature of Managerial Work (New York: Harper & Row, 1973); David C. McClelland, «The Two Faces of Power», Journal of International Affairs, vol. 24 (1970), pp. 40-41.

371. Alan С Filley, Robert J. House, and Stephen Kerr, Managerial Process and Organizational Behavior, 2nd ed. (Glenview, III.: Scott, Foresman, 1976), p. 211.

372. David Katz and Robert L. Kahn, The Social Psychology of Organizations (New York: Wiley, 1966), chap. 11.

373. Peter F. Drucker, The Practice of Management (New York: Harper & Row, 1954), pp. 159-160.

374. John D. Miner, The Management Process (New York: Macmillan, 1973).

375. John P. Kotter, «Power, Dependence and Effective Management», Harvard Business Review, July-August 1977, p. 128.

376. В. Т. Mayes and R. W. Alien, «Toward a Definition of Organizational Politics», Academy of Management Review, October 1977, pp. 672-678.

377. Robert Biersted, «An Analysis of Social Power», American Sociological Review, vol. 15 (December 1950), pp.

378. R. M. Emerson, «Power-Dependency Relations,» American Sociological Review, vol. 27 (1962), pp. 31-40.

379. C. Bird, Social Psychology (Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall, 1940).

380. Ralph M. Stogdill, «Personal Factors Associated with Leadership: A Survey of Literature», Journal of Psychology, vol.25 (1948), pp.35-71.

381. Ralph M. Stogdill, Handbook of Leadership (New York: Free Press, 1974).

382. F. E. Finch, H. R. Jones, and J. A. Litterer, Managig for Organizational Effectiveness: An Experiential Approach (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1976), p.94.

383. Douglas McGregor, The Human Side of Enterprise (New York: McGraw-Hill, I960), pp.33-34.

384. Ibid., pp. 47-48.

385. Curt Lewin, R. Lippett, and R. K. While, «Patterns of Aggressive Behavior in Experimentally Created Social Climates», Journal of Social Psychology, vol. 10 (1939), pp.271-301.

386. Rensis Likert, New Patterns of Management (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1961), p.7.

387. Rensis Likert, The Human Organization (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1967).

388. Ibid., p.57.

389. Для дополнительной информации см: Abraham К. Konnan, «Consideration, Initiating Structure, and Organizational Criteria -- A Review», Personnel Psychology, vol.19 (Winter 1966), pp. 349-361; Andrew W. Halpin, The Leadership Behavior of School Superintendents (Chicago: Midwest Administration Center, University of Chicago, 1959); R. M. Slogdill and A. E. Coons, Leader Behavior: Its Description and Measurement

390. Stuart M. Schmidt and Т. A. Kochan, «Conflict: Toward Conceptual Clanty», Administrative Science Quarterly, vol. 17 (1972), pp. 359-370, C. F. Fink, «Some Conceptual Difficulties in the Theory of Conflict Resolution», Journal of Conflict Resolution, vol. 12(1968), pp. 413-458.

391. David L. Austin, «Conflict: A More Professional Approach», Personnel Administrator, vol. 21 (July 1976); Maty Parker Follet, Dynamic Administration (New York: Harper & Row, 1940). It should be noted that the writings of Mary Parker Follett showed exceptional concern for conflict at an early point.

392. William R. Scott, «Organization Theory: A Reappraisal», Academy of Management Journal, vol. 4 (1961), pp. 7-26.

393. R. L. Kahn, D. M. Wolfe, R. P. Quinn, J. D. Snoek, and R. A. Ros, Organizational Stress: Studies in Conflict and Ambiguity (New York; Wiley, 1964).

394. Melville Dalton, «Conflicts Between Staff and Line Managerial Officers», American Sociological Review, vol. 15 (1950), pp. 342-351; Gordon L. Lipitt, «Managing Conflict in Today's Organizations», Training and Development Journal, vol. 36 (1982), pp. 67-74.

395. Schmidt and Kochan, op, cit.; Richard D. Walton and J. M. Dutton, «The Management of Inter-departmental Conflict: A Model and Review», Administrative Science Quarterly, vol. 14 (1969), pp. 73-84.

396. R. G. Gorwin, «Patterns of Organizational Conflict», Administrative Science Quarterly, vol. 14 (1969), pp. 507-521; Paul Lawrence and J. J. Lorsch, Managing Differentiation and Integration (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1967).

397. D. С Dearborn and H. A. Simon, «Selective Perception: A Note on the Departmental Identification of Executives», Sociometry, vol. 21 (1958), pp. 140-144.

398. Walton and Dutton, op. cit, p. 342.

399. Richard Walton and R. D. McKersie, A Behavioral Theory of Labor Negotiations (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1965).

400. Robert R. Blake, Jane S. Mouton, and H. A. Shepard, Managing Inter-Group Conflict in Industry (Houston: Gulf, 1964).

401. Т. Т. Herbert and R. W. Estes, «Improving Executive Decisions by Formalizing Dissent; The Corporate Devil's Advocate», Academy of Management Review, October 1977, pp. 662-667.

402. W. N. Evan, «Conflict and Performance in R&D Organizations», Industrial Management Review, vol. 7 (1965) pp. 37-45.

403. Blake, Mouton, and Shepard, op. cit.; M. Scherrif, O. J. Harvey, B. J. White, W. R. Hood, and С W. Scherrif, Intergroup Conflict and Cooperation: The Robbers Cave Experiment (Tulsa: The University of Oklahoma Book Exchange, 1961); Robert E. Callahan, C. Patrick Fleenor, and Harry R. Knudson, Understanding Organizational Behavior (Columbus, Ohio: Bell & Howell, 1986), p. 290, L. David Brown, Managing Conflict at Organizational Interfaces (Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1983), pp. 7-8.

404. Gary Johns, Organizational Behavior (Glenview, Ill.: Scott, Foresman, 1983), p. 418.

405. Lawrence and Lorsch, op. cit.

A. 1 M. Sykes and J. Bates, «A study in Production-Sales Liaison», Management International, vol. 5-6 (1964), pp. 57-67.

406. Scherrif et al., op. cit.

407. Richard T. Pascale and Anthony G. Athos, The Art of Japanese Management (New York: Warner Books, 1981), pp.315-316.

408. Robert R. Blake and Jane S. Mouton, Building a Dynamic Corporation Through Grid Organization Development (Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1969), pp. 66-68.

409. Lawrence and Lorsch, op. cit

410. William J. Pedicord, «Advanced Status Systems for Personnel Planning and Replacement», in Computers and Automation (Newton Ville, Mass.: Berkeley Enterprises, 1966); Т. I. Bradshaw, «Computerized Employee Search Program», Data Processing Magazine, November 1965, pp. 48-50; George Milkovich and T. Mahoney, «Human Resources Planning and PAIR Policy», in PAIR Handbook, vol. 4, ed Dale Yodder and Herbert Heneman (Berea, Ohio: American Society of Personnel Administrators, 1976); Robert Martin, «Skills Inventories», Personnel Journal, January 1967, pp.28-30.

411. Noble S. Deckhard and Kenneth W. Lessey, «A Model for Understanding Management Manpower», Personnel Journal, vol. 54, no 3 (1975), pp. 169-175; Eugene Schmuckler, «The Personnel Audit: Management's Forgotten Tool», Personnel Journal, vol. 52, no 11 (1973), pp. 977-980.

412. David Elsner, «White-Collar Workers, Once Immune to Layoffs, Now See More Pink Slips», San Francisco Examiner and Chronicle, January 4,1987, p. D-3.

413. U.S. Department of Labor, Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs, «Compliance Responsibility for Equal Employment Opportunity», Federal Register, October 20,1978, pp. 49240-49283.

414. Howard J. Anderson, Primer of Equal Employment Opportunity (Washington, D.C.: Bureau of National Affairs, 1978), pp.84-88.

415. John В. Miner and M.G. Miner, Personnel and Industrial Relations: A Managerial Approach, 3rd ed. (New York: Macmillan, 1977), pp. 154-155.

416. John P. Wanous, «Effects of a Realistic Job Preview on Job Acceptance, Job Attitudes, and Job Survival», Journal of Applied Psychology, vol. 58 (1973), pp. 327-332.

417. John P. Wanous, «Tell It Like It Is at Realistic Job Previews», in Perspectives on Personnel/Human Resource Management, ed H. G. Heneman and D. P. Schwab (Homewood, Ill.: Irwin, 1978), pp. 110-117.

418. George W. England, Development and Use of Weighted Application Blanks, Bulletin 55 (Minneapolis: Industrial Relations Center, University of Minnesota, 1971); Clemm C. Kessler and George J. Gibbs, «Getting the Most from Application Blanks and References», Personnel, January-February 1975, pp. 53-62.

419. Alan Kraut, «Management Assessment in International Organization», Industrial Relations, 1976, pp. 172-182; N. Howard, «An Assessment of Assessment Centers», Academy of Management Journal, vol. 17, no 1, (1974), pp. 115-134; James Hock and D. Bray, «Management Assessment Center Evaluations and Subsequent Job Performance of White and Black Females», Personnel Psychology, vol. 29 (1976), pp. 13-30; G.N. Worboys, «Validation of Externally Developed Assessment Procedures for Identification of Supervisory Potential», Personnel Psychology, Spring 1975, pp. 77-91.

420. Eugene С. Mayfield, «The Selection Interview - A Reevaluation of Published Research», Personnel Psychology, vol. 17, no 3 (1964), pp. 239-260; Edwin E. Ghiselli, «The Validity of a Personnel Interview», Personnel Psychology, vol. 19, no 4 (1966), pp. 389-394; Orman R. Weight, Jr., «Summary of Research on the Selection Interview Since 1964», Personnel Psychology, vol. 22, no. 4 (1969), pp. 391-413.

421. James В. Ditworth, Production and Operations Management. Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing, 3rd ed. (New York: Random House, 1986), pp. 11-16.

422. Joseph J. Moder, Cecil R. Phillips, and Edward W. Davis, Project Management with CPM, PERT, and Precedence Diagramming, 3rd ed. (New York Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1983), p. 3.

423. Ray Wild, Operations Management -- A Policy Framework (Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1980).

424. Wickham Skinner, Manufacturing in the Corporate Strategy (New York: Wiley, 1978).

425. Robert H. Hayes and Steven С. Wheelwright, Restoring Our Competitive Edge (New York: Wiley, 1984).

426. Richard J. Schonberger, World Class Manufacturing (New York Free Press, 1986), chap. 1.

427. Roben H. Hayes and Steven C. Wheelwright, «Link Manufacturing Process and Product Life Cycles», Harward Business Review. January-February, 1979.

428. C. A. Voss, Managing Manufacturing Technologies, Monograph No. 1, Operations Management Association, September 1986, pp. 3-8.

429. Roger W Schmenner, «How Can Service Businesses Survive and Prosper?» Sloan Management Review, Spring 1986, p. 21.

430. Everett E. Adam, Jr., and Ronald J. Ebert, Production and Operations Management: Concepts, Models, and Behavior, 3rd ed. (Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall, 1986), pp. 307-311.

431. Everett E. Adam, Jr., and Ronald J. Ebert, Production and Operations Management; Concepts, Models, and Behavior, 3rd ed. (Englewood Cliffs, N. J: Prentice-Hall, 1986), pp. 442-445.

432. Richard В. Chase and Nicholas J. Aquilano, Production and Operations Management: A Life Cycle Approach, 4th ed. (Homewood, III.: Irwin, 1985), pp. 484-485.

433. Ibid., p. 593.

434. Joseph J. Moder, Cecil R. Phillips, and Edward W. Davis, Project Management with CPM, PERT, and Precedence Diagramming, 3rd ed. (New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1983), p.3.

435. Ibid., pp. 10-14.

436. Howard S. Gitlow and Shelly J. Gitlow. Deming Guide to Quality and Competitive Position (Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall, 1987).

437. Chase and Aquilano, op. cit., p. 730.

438. Philip В. Crosby, Quality Is Free (New York: New American Library, 1979), chap. 1

439. John Naisbitt, Megatrends (New York: Wanner Books, 1984), pp. 53,59.

440. Ibid., р. 61.

441. James L. Riggs and Glenn H. Felix, Productivity by Objectives (Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall, 1983), p. 5.

442. See R. E. Winter, «Many Corporates Named to National Slowdown of Productivity Gains», The Wall Street Journal, October 21,1980, pp. 1,24; «Many Businesses Blame Governmenral Policies for Productivity Lag», The Wall Street Journal, October 28,1980, pp. 1,22.

443. Noel M. Tichy, Managing Strategic Change (New York: Wiley, 1983), pp. 51-52, 4

444. Thomas J. Peters and Robert H. Waterman, Jr., In Search of Excellence: Lessons from America's Best Run Companies (New York: Harper & Row, 1982).

445. Riggs and Felix, op. cit., p. 4.

446. «Playing It Safe and Losing Out», Washington Post, January 17,1982.

447. «A Work Revolution in U.S. Industry», Business Week, May 16,1983, pp. 100-110.

448. Ibid., p. 100.

449. Peters and Waterman, op. cit.

450. Ibid., p. 321.

451. Ibid., p. 240.

452. William Ouchi, Theory Z (Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1981); Richard T. Pascale and Anthony G. Athos, The Art of Japanese Management (New York: Wanner Books, 1981).

453. Riggs and Felix, op. cit., pp. 106-107.

454. Naisbitt, op. cit.

455. Ibid., p. 8.

456. «A New Era for Management», Business Week, April 25,1983, p. 50.

457. Peters and Waterman, op. cit., p. 26.

458. Riggs and Felix, op. cit., p. 9.

459. Peters and Waterman, op. cit., p. 263, 248, 259, 29

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