Rewriting the nation: german-turkish transformations of the bildungsroman

Drawing on Victor Turner's re-discovery of the notion of liminality, initially developed in relation to rites of passage in tribal communities but extended in its application to entire societies, the concept has proven prolific for border studies (Theomassen, 2018). It `captures in between situations and conditions characterized by the dislocation of established structures, the reversal of hierarchies, and uncertainty about the continuity of tradition and future' (Horvart, Theomassen, & Wydra, 2018, p. 2). Theerefore, it can be argued that the German literary canon of the 1990s and early 2000s partially found itself in such a liminal state, as the belonging of texts arising in the context of migration and cultural contact was negotiated and discussed in the respective secondary literature.

By employing the literary means of rewriting, the studied texts inscribe themselves into the canonical genre of the Bildungsroman and hence claim space in German national literature. Thee discussed German-Turkish novels point to the continuous relevance of the Bildungsroman in constructing German national identities. At the same time, this leads to an ambivalence since the novels question national categories and refer to their potentially repressive characters. Theis again points to the notion of liminality and its inherent ambivalence. As a condition of the transitional, liminality threatens established hierarchies and structures but at the same time suggests `a vital moment of creativity, a potential platform for renewing the societal makeup' (Mälksoo, 2018, p. 226). By reformulating and adapting the boundaries of the genre in a subversive way, the analysed texts express the need to renegotiate the nation as a concept as well as its demand for homogeneity. By voicing German-Turkish as well as other pluralistic identities and inscribing them into the national cultural memory and literary canon, the authors anticipate the societal shifts that led to the official recognition of Germany as a nation of immigration in 2001.

german literature rewriting mimicry

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Ñïèñîê ëèòåðàòóðû

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