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Abstract

Language shifts of English clausal complementation framework in a historical perspective

Tuhai O. M.

The paper is focused on studying the language shifts in the evolution process of English sentence with finite/ infinitive complementation.

The research analyzes peculiarities of core elements distribution in a complex complementary sentence.

Transition from SOV model to SVO word order in all types of clauses turns out to become the leading syntactic innovation in the development of English clausal complementation framework or structure. The fixed SVO word order variability is determined by urgent extraposition or the right movement of heavy subordinate sentences in Middle English with obtaining by the sentential complements an object position.

The author outlines grammaticalization of subordinate coherence markers. Thus, the demonstrative pronoun that, which originally marked subordinate sentences with a case, received the function of anaphoric connection together with the relativizers which, who in the process of its development.

And particle to primarily as a purposeful adjunction before the infinitive in dative acquired further characteristic of infinitive phrase marking in the accusative case. The article describes means of implementation of hypotactic relationship with finite/infinitive complementation.

The leading factor of hypotactic realization in Old English is the formation of a subordinate sentence in the subjunctive with fixation of the pluperfect subjunctive in Middle English and the preterite/analytical subjunctive with volitional verbs in Early Modern English.

The paper defines irregular usage of that-/to- complementary sentences diachronically. If Old English that clause was commonly used after the verbs of volitional shades, then the usage of to-infinitive had widely spread in further historical periods of its development. Hence, the subjunctive clause obtained a new model structure (to-infinitive) with preservation of its own meaning. We postulate the usage of finite/infinitive complements with matrix verbs of command, order, desire, intention as functionally semantic equivalents with to-infinitive implementation or actualization as the non-finite subjunctive.

Keywords: language shifts, grammaticalization, extraposition, clausal complementation, subjunctive clause.

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