Russian-Ukrainian war at sea: strategic lessons and impact on international security

significant areas of the water area were littered with sea mines, there was a negative impact of the use of weapons and force on ecosystems, conditions were created for the death of dolphins and other representatives of marine fauna, sea pollution occurred as a result of blowing up the locks of the Kakhov reservoir and other military actions of the aggressor.

A significant impact occurred directly in the military sphere of international security, in particular:

there was a change in the balance of military forces in the region and conditions were created for excessive armament;

growing risks of armed clashes and direct involvement of other states in military operations at sea; the emergence of a mine hazard and the facts of the discovery of mines near the Bosphorus, in the waters of Bulgaria, Romania, explosions of two ships in the area on the approach to the Sulina mouth of the large international shipping artery - the Danube river

Responding to changes in the international situation at sea as a result of the Russian-Ukrainian war, the following joint actions to improve European maritime security in the short term are proposed:

formation of temporary mechanisms for ensuring international security at sea

continuation of the actions of the Ukrainian side to ensure the safety of “sea corridors” for international transportation within Ukrainian waters in the Black Sea (combat alternation of forces in readiness to cover maritime transportation; anticipatory active actions at sea to influence the Russian side and force it to observe the safety of international shipping; actions regarding the expansion of the controlled zone at sea and restoration of full control over Ukrainian waters as of 1991);

continuing the formation of safe “sea corridors” for international shipping in the areas of the Black Sea outside the area of hostilities, primarily in the territorial seas of Romania, Bulgaria, and Turkey;

the creation and use of joint forces of the navies of the Black Sea NATO countries (Romania, Bulgaria, Turkey) to protect maritime transport from various threats (air, surface, underwater, including strikes by unmanned aircraft systems, missiles, the impact of sea mines and special operations forces) - regular intelligence and surveillance forces, on-call forces and convoy forces.

The joint actions to improve European maritime security in the medium and long term are proposed:

improvement of the norms of international law involving the mechanisms of the UN and other international organizations, in particular regarding the improvement of the efficiency of response and the improvement of the procedure for adopting resolutions with decisions on countering the aggressor state;

improving the norms of the international responsibility of the aggressor state, forming mechanisms for operational isolation of the activity of the aggressor state in order to stop its influence on other parties and creating conditions for the aggressor to review its actions;

improvement of joint mechanisms for ensuring international security at sea, in particular, the formation on a permanent basis of maritime security forces deployed in maritime regions on a multilateral basis, including ship groups, unmanned aviation, and other forces. With their mandatory intervention in restraining the aggressor in the crisis area.

Based on the results of the analysis, this work identifies the areas in which the effects of the war at sea on national and international security occur, and the specifics of this influence. In turn, on the basis of the analysis of the impact on maritime security, recommendations for joint actions to ensure European security at sea have been proposed.

The prospects for further research on this topic are the substantiation of a detailed list of measures for each of the proposed directions.

In our opinion, the recommendations proposed above, if implemented in the maritime regions of Europe, will allow to increase the level of European security at sea.

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